• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.3
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• pp.423-432
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• 2009

Advances in information and communication technologies are changing our society greatly. In knowledge-based society, information can be obtained easily via communication tools such as web and e-mail. However, obtaining right and up-to-date information is difficult in spite of overflowing information. The concept of adaptive web site has been initiated recently. The purpose of the site is to provide information only users want out of tons of data gathered. In this paper, an algorithm is developed for adaptive web site construction. The proposed algorithm is based on association rules that are major principle in adaptive web site construction. The algorithm is constructed by analysing log data in web server and extracting meaning documents through finding behavior patterns of users. The proposed algorithm has the following characteristics. First, it is superior to existing algorithms using association rules in time complexity. Its superiority is proved theoretically. Second, the proposed algorithm is effective in space complexity. This is due to that it does not need any intermediate products except a linked list that is essential for finding frequent item sets.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1049-1061
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• 2018

As mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs become more popular, users are becoming accustomed to consuming a massive amount of multimedia content every day without time or space limitations. From the industry, the need for user satisfaction investigation has consequently emerged. Conventional methods to investigate user satisfaction usually employ user feedback surveys or interviews, which are considered manual, subjective, and inefficient. Therefore, the authors focus on a more objective method of investigating users' brainwaves to measure how much they enjoy their content. Particularly for multimedia content, it is natural that users will be immersed in the played content if they are satisfied with it. In this paper, the authors propose a method of using a portable and dry electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor device to overcome the limitations of the existing conventional methods and to further advance existing EEG-based studies. The proposed method uses a portable EEG sensor device that has a small, dry (i.e., not wet or adhesive), and simple sensor using a single channel, because the authors assume mobile device environments where users consider the features of portability and usability to be important. This paper presents how to measure attention, gauge and compute a score of user's content immersion level after addressing some technical details related to adopting the portable EEG sensor device. Lastly, via an experiment, the authors verified a meaningful correlation between the computed scores and the actual user satisfaction scores.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.162-180
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• 2013

This paper is to explore the relationship between global citizenship education needed to be taught recently and geography. First, the paper examines the concept, as well as the reason why it became important concept in dimension of education in terms of progress of globalization. Second, the paper examines justification of global citizenship education through geography subject through discussion of place, space, scale and interdependence as geographical key concepts. Then, it establishes the category of sub-area of global citizenship education to grasp structurally. This is to reestablish in terms of knowledge and understanding, skill, value and attitude through the inductive examination of existing system of classification. Third, for geography instruction as practical dimension for fostering global citizenship, the paper discusses things to consider previously to design it in terms of aims, contents and methods, and examined instruction strategies in terms of issues-based approach and geographies of resistance. The last, the paper should things to pay attention to be cautious in global citizenship education through geography.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.201-210
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• 2004

The web as a sign synthesis text has become a kernel for incorporeal knowledge as well as a communication model through the ubiquitous environment all over the world. The evaluation of the communication model, which is essential for the information structure, acts as an important basis on determining the quality of the web contents. In this study, the development of the progress of the communication of semantic meaning in the construction of the information structure was analyzed in views of the form, the function, and the emotional effect of the rich media contents of the web. The transformation process from the initial access elements through the final selection elements was suggested as the communication model and the effects of the function of the information in the web on the process was assessed by the engineering and linguistic models of Shannon, Weaver, and Roman Jakobson. The results of this study showed that the environments such as the speed, the memory space, data compression technique, and data filtering have influences on the web contents expression and the evaluation of the communication model in connection with the environments is the basis in the information structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.571-572
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• 2017

The blockchain technology that implements electronic money uses decentralized computing and all transactions in a blockchain are open to everyone. This technique seems to guarantee anonymity by performing the transaction on the address instead of the user, but by using direction acyclic graph based on the transaction graph, the privacy problem is caused by tracking the addresses. In this paper, we analyze various techniques for centralized processing which makes it difficult to find the relevance on the graph in order to protect the privacy in the block chain technology. We also analyze the techniques of anonymizing in a distributed way to enhance privacy. Using the zero knowledge proof scheme guarantees full distributed anonymity but requires more computation and storage space, and various techniques to make this efficient are proposed. In this paper, we propose a privacy protection scheme of blockchain technology to integrate existing privacy protection techniques into a blockchain technology and perform it more efficiently with a centralized or decentralized technique.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.1998-2004
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• 2009

Recently, due to technical developments of various storage devices and networks, the amount of data increases rapidly. The large volume of data streams poses unique space and time constraints on the data mining process. The continuous characteristic of streaming data necessitates the use of algorithms that require only one scan over the stream for knowledge discovery. Most of the researches based on the support are concerned with the frequent itemsets, but ignore the infrequent itemsets even if it is crucial. In this paper, we propose an efficient method WSFI-Mine(Weighted Support Frequent Itemsets Mine) to mine all frequent itemsets by one scan from the data stream. This method can discover the closed frequent itemsets using DCT(Data Stream Closed Pattern Tree). We compare the performance of our algorithm with DSM-FI and THUI-Mine, under different minimum supports. As results show that WSFI-Mine not only run significant faster, but also consume less memory.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.477-480
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• 2010

Purpose: Ganglioneuromas are well-differentiated tumors derived from neuroectodermal neural crest cells. Although these tumors can occur anywhere along the sympathetic chain from the base of the skull to the pelvic cavity, they usually develop in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum these tumors are rarely found in the cervical region. Method: We report the case of a 16-year-old male patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 who was admitted because of a palpable mass centrally located on the left side of the neck. A preoperative contrast-enhanced neck computed tomography image showed a low-density homogeneous mass on the parapharyngeal space along with marked displacement of the trachea and carotid vessels. Round and soft masses were also detected on both axillae. Results: The patient subsequently underwent complete excision of the neck mass via the transcervical approach. The mass was smooth and well encapsulated between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the trachea. Further, the mass appeared to arise from the cervical sympathetic chain, which was preserved during surgery. Both the axillary masses were also excised. The histopathological findings were ganglioneuroma for the neck mass and neurofibroma for both the axillary masses. Conclusion: Cervical ganglioneuromas are rare tumors that present as enlarging parapharyngeal cervical masses in the oropharynx or neck. To our knowledge, a case of cervical ganglioneuroma associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 has never been reported. In patients with neurofibromatosis, multiple tumors may develop, and therefore periodic clinical and radiological follow-up is recommended. Further, repeated imaging analysis should be performed if the presence of another tumor is suspected.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.37-51
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• 2012

By comparing the development history of rectangular coordinate system in Cartography and Mathematics, we assert in this manuscript that the rectangular coordinate system is not so much related to analytic geometry but comes from the space perceiving ability inherent in human beings. We arrived at this conclusion by the followings: First, although the Cartography have much influenced to various area of Mathematics such as trigonometry, logarithm, Geometry, Calculus, Statistics, and so on, which were developed or progressed around the advent of analytic geometry, the mathematical coordinate system itself had not been completely developed in using the origin or negative axis until 100 years and more had passed since Descartes' publication. Second, almost mathematicians who contributed to the invention of rectangular coordinate system had not focused their studying on rectangular coordinate system instead they used it freely on solving mathematical problem.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1155-1163
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• 2009

This paper proposes an automatic facial expression generation system of vector graphic character using gaussian process model. Proposed method extracts the main feature vectors from twenty-six facial data of character redefined based on Russell's internal emotion state. Also by using new gaussian process model, SGPLVM, we find low-dimensional feature data from extracted high-dimensional feature vectors, and learn probability distribution function (PDF). All parameters of PDF are estimated by maximization the likelihood of learned expression data, and these are used to select wanted facial expressions on two-dimensional space in real time. As a result of simulation, we confirm that proposed facial expression generation tool is working in the small facial expression datasets and can generate various facial expressions without prior knowledge about relation between facial expression and emotion.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2008

The converge of location-aware devices, GIS functionalities and the increasing accuracy and availability of positioning technologies pave the way to a range of new types of location-based services. The field of spatiotemporal data mining where relationships are defined by spatial and temporal aspect of data is encountering big challenges since the increased search space of knowledge. Therefore, we aim to propose algorithms for mining spatiotemporal patterns in mobile environment in this paper. Moving patterns are generated utilizing two algorithms called All_MOP and Max_MOP. The first one mines all frequent patterns and the other discovers only maximal frequent patterns. Our proposed approach is able to reduce consuming time through comparison with DFS_MINE algorithm. In addition, our approach is applicable to location-based services such as tourist service, traffic service, and so on.