• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Software architecture are High-level design decisions shaping a software system's components, structure, and interactions. It can be a blueprint for development, evolution, and ongoing maintenance. This research investigates the communication practices employed by software architects and developers to ensure adherence to the designed software architecture. It explores the factors influencing the selection of follow-up methods and the impact of follow-up frequency on successful implementation. Findings reveal that formalized follow-up procedures are not yet a ubiquitous element within the software development lifecycle. While electronic communication, particularly email, appears to be the preferred method for both architects and developers, physical and online meetings are utilized less frequently. Interestingly, the study suggests a potential confidence gap, with architects expressing concerns about developers' ability to faithfully implement the architecture. This may lead to architects providing additional clarification. Conversely, while most developers reported confidence in their software knowledge, overly detailed architecture documentation may pose challenges, highlighting the need for architects to consider alternative communication strategies. A key limitation of this study is the sample size, restricting the generalizability of the conclusions. However, the research offers valuable preliminary insights into the communication practices employed for architecture implementation, paving the way for further investigation with a larger and more diverse participant pool.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4043-4048
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• 2016

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, and has a poor 5-year survival rate averaging 50%, which has not changed for decades. A high prevalence of HNC has been reported in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, as compared to other areas of the country. However, data in regards to HNC are scattered and not well documented. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to gather all available and updated important information regarding HNC in Saudi Arabia, and highlight the gaps of knowledge in our country with regard to this disease. In addition, suggestions of solutions to overcome the current status and improve our future standard of care to fight HNC are also highlighted. Materials and Methods: The electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar using English-language literature were used for this systematic review, using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and keywords. The search was performed in April 2016 and updated in June 2016. Results: Our search revealed twenty-one studies that fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria and that were conducted in Saudi Arabia. These studies investigated different aspects of HNC, including prevalence, risk factors, biomarkers, and assessed knowledge and awareness of both public and practitioners with regard to HNC. Conclusions: This review uncovered a big gap in our epidemiological data in cancer information in general, and head and neck cancer in particular. In addition, a lack of knowledge and awareness of both the public and health care practitioners hinders the early diagnosis of disease and negatively impact the prognosis, treatment and outcome. The Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia should develop a more systematic way and adapt policies to gather cancer information in general, and head and neck cancer in particular, from all governmental and private sectors from all over the kingdom, and develop educational programs to raise the knowledge and awareness of HNC in the country.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1410-1419
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• 2023

Public perception plays a crucial role in the successful completion of a nuclear power project. As a newcomer country to nuclear power, there are lots of misconceptions among the Bangladeshi people about nuclear energy. Consequently, it is crucial to minimize all the doubts among mass people and build up their positive outlook toward nuclear power. This demands a comprehensive survey to figure out the public opinion, concerns, false impressions, and knowledge gap regarding nuclear power. In the present study, these issues were addressed by a survey that was responded to by 661 persons for the 24 survey questions. The questions were categorized based on information, knowledge, faith, benefit, awareness, and technology. Feedback and responders' basic demographic and socioeconomic information were collected from various locations in Bangladesh through online and in-person surveys. The responses were analyzed in both statistical and descriptive ways. Some of the feedback was found to vary with age, sex, and education level while others were quite independent of these parameters. It is found that socioeconomic development and energy security can be achieved by the inclusion of nuclear energy in the power system master plan of the country. However, huge knowledge gaps and misconceptions were found among the public regarding nuclear energy. As per feedback, political instability and corruption may affect the national nuclear power project in Bangladesh. Low faith in the existing rules & regulations for nuclear power programs was also observed. The result of this study will be handy to develop the communication and public awareness strategy for a successful nuclear power project in Bangladesh.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.212-222
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• 2011

2000년대 이후 우리나라의 하구환경 관리는 수십 년간 지속된 개발 일변도의 하구이용에서 벗어나 통합적 관점에서 하구환경을 보전하려는 정책적 변화가 시작되었으나, 그 동안 축적된 연구와 경험의 부족으로 이를 시행할 수 있는 지원 제도가 구축되지 못하였다. 그러나 최근 이러한 한계를 극복하고 통합적 하구환경관리를 지원하기 위한 연구사업이 진행되고 있다. 이 연구는 우리나라 하구관리 정책지원을 위한 연구사업 현황을 크게 하구정책의 수요 충족, 인식 증진 및 지식기반 확충이라는 3가지 측면에서 해외 사례와의 갭 분석을 통해 검토하고, 전문가 대상 설문조사에 기초한 계층화 분석을 기반으로 통합적 하구관리 지원을 위한 정책적 방향을 모색하였다. 분석결과, 우리나라의 하구역 연구사업은 하구환경 관리를 위한 통합적 관점의 정책방향 설정이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지역 단위의 인식증진 활동, 교육 프로그램 개발 등을 지원하는 직접적인 내용이 향후 연구사업에 반영되어야 할 것이며, 하구생태계의 구조와 기능에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요하다. 통합적 하구관리정책을 효과적으로 지원하기 위해서는 현행 환경관리체제에 내재된 근본적인 문제와 우리나라 하구역 연구사업이 가지는 한계를 극복할 수 있는 현실적인 방안의 개발이 요구된다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2003

효율적 경영활동과 경쟁우위 확보 및 고객관계 경영을 죄하고자 하는 기업들은 정보시스템 투자 비율을 확대하고 있다. 그러나 현실적으로 볼 때 투자를 위한 의사결정 단계에서 검토되었던 정보시스템의 기대가치와 실현가치 간에는 예상치 못했던 격차가 발생하는 경우가 빈번하다. 또한 최근 e비즈니스 전략을 적극적으로 추진중인 기업들은 SCM(Supply Chain Management), ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM(Customer Relation-ship Management) 시스템을 상호 연동하고자 하는 요구가 증대되고 있다. 그러나 기존 연구들의 경우 개별 정보시스템 단위의 성공 요인들에 대한 연구가 대부분이고, 이들 시스템 간의 연동이나 시스템 구축이후 발생하는 조직 내외적인 장애요인 관련 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이들 시스템을 구축하여 운영중인 기업들을 선정하여 시스템별 그리고 시스템 간의 투자 전후가치격차 유발 요인을 규명하고자 하였다. 연구결과는 기업의 정보시스템 투자 의사결정시 반드시 사전에 고려하여야 할 가치격차 유발 요인들에 대한 통찰력을 제시할 수 있을 것이며, 관련 분야 연구의 실증적 접근을 위한 토대를 제시할 것이다.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.113-156
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• 2017

Although technological progress is considered a key element for economic growth and development of a country, strong empirical evidence in this regard is not available yet. Therefore, to establish the empirical link between technology progress and economic development, it is advisable to carry out a time series analysis. In this regard, the Technology Achievement Index (TAI) of 100 top economies has been developed to examine the position of countries' technological progress for the 21 years spanning 1995 to 2015. Countries have been ranked on their TAI which is based on four pillars; technology creation, diffusion of older innovations, diffusion of recent innovations, and development of human skills. As well, this current study re-calculates the Humane Development Index (HDI) of 100 top economies for the 21 years from 1995 to 2015. Ranking of countries' HDI values reflects three dimensions: A long lifespan (life expectancy index), knowledge (Education Index) and a decent standard of living (Gross National Income Index, or GNI). The Standard Deviation (SD) technique has been used to investigate the technological gap between individual countries and groups of countries or regions. For a more meaningful assessment, technological gaps from the maximum achievement value (i.e., one of the countries under study) are presented as well. To investigate the impact of technological progress on economic development, this study introduces a model in which the HDI is used as the dependent variable and the TAI and Gross Capital Formation (GCF) are used as independent variables. The HDI, TAI and GCF are used in this model as proxy variables for economic development, technological progress and capital respectively. Econometric techniques have been used to show the impact of technological progress on economic development. The results show that long-term associations exist between technology progress and economic development; the impact of technology progress on economic development is 13.2% while the impact is 4.3% higher in eight selected East South Asian countries, at 13.5%, than in eight selected highly developed countries (9.2%).

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.650-676
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• 2005

It is important to identify the mid and long-term strategic technologies and evaluate technology level for the establishment of national R&D policy to upgrade technology level in Korea. This paper summarizes the result of technology level evaluation for 99 key technologies of 'National Technology Road Map', which consists of 5 visions, of Korea. The technology level, the technological gap between Korea and world-top country, the role of government to upgrade technology level, etc. were investigated by the survey (total 1,067 respondents) and the interview with experts related to key technologies. The average technology level of Korea was $65.1\%$ of that of world-top country and average technological gap was 5.8 years. The technology level of vision I 'Building an Information-Knowledge-Intelligence Society' was $71.6\%$ and highest among 5 visions. The highest technology level among 99 key technologies was $85.6\%$ for 'Digital Broadcasting Technology' and the lowest was $20\%$ for 'weather Control Technology'. The major reasons of technological gap were investigated as the lack of R&D personnel ($23.8\%$), the shortage of R&D funds ($17.8\%$), and the insufficiency of basic research ($15.4\%$), in sequence. The average technology level of USA was evaluated to highest in the world. It was presented that the technological power of China increased rapidly in the expert interview. The result of technology level evaluation would be primary information for various national S&T planning, such as S&T basic plan, S&T foresight, technology road map, etc.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2012

학습자의 정보활용능력은 학습자의 창의성을 신장시키는 자기주도학습을 가능하게 한다. 그러나 중등학교에서 정보소양 및 정보활용교육은 2009년 개정 교육과정이 시행되면 없어 질 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 중등학교에서 학습자의 정보활용능력 계발은 교사의 교과 수업을 통해 이루어질 수밖에 없을 것이며, 교사의 정보활용능력은 매우 중요한 능력으로 간주되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 현직교원과 예비교사의 정보활용능력 실태를 조사하고 이들간 정보활용능력 격차를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 현직교원과 예비교사의 종합 정보활용능력 지수는 각각 74.4점과 50.5점으로 나타났다. 예비교사의 정보활용능력은 현직교원의 약 68% 수준인 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 시 도교육청 및 교원양성기관은 예비교사의 정보활용능력 향상을 위한 방안을 수립 운영하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제6권
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• pp.17-34
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the sex-consciousness and sexual values of school children by geographic region. It's specifically attempted to make a comparative analysis of sex-consciousness and sexual values between urban and rural elementary schoolers to help provide efficient sex education for them to build the right sexual values. The subjects in this study were 400 elementary schoolers in their sixth year of elementary schools located in Danyang-gun and Chungju city, north Chungcheong province. After a survey was conducted, answer sheets from 387 students that were analyzable were analyzed. For data handling, SPSS program was employed, and t-test was utilized to see if there's any differences between the urban and rural elementary school youngsters in sex consciousness and sexual values. And $x^2$ test was used to make a comparative analysis of their view of sex education. The findings of the study were as follows : First, regarding sex-consciousness, they had general knowledge on sex. Especially, they were highly aware of sexual violence and the generation of baby, but many of them didn't know about where and how egg cells were produced. This indicated that systematic education should be offered in various ways. Concerning geographic gap, there was a significant difference in sexual knowledge between the urban and rural students. As to sexual attitude, they took a relatively positive attitude toward display of affection or sex-related talk on TV or in movies, as they viewed it as natural. This finding implied that the elementary schoolers were recipient toward sex and took an active attitude toward sexual expressions. Concerning geographic gap, there was no difference between the rural and urban students. As for sexual practices, the largest group of the students had a liking for the opposite sex, which showed that their needs for sex were unveiled in the course of having some trouble due to the other sex rather than through firsthand experiences or activities. As to geographic gap, there was a significant difference between the urban and rural students in that regard. Besides, the urban students put their sex-consciousness in practice more often than the rural students did. After they are educated to build the right sexual values, systematic sex-education programs should also be offered for them to be exposed to sustained sex education and to team how to apply their sex-consciousness to real life. Second, as for sexual values, the school children had relatively positive and equalitarian sexual values. Regarding geographic gap, there were significant gaps between the two groups' view of the opposite sex, sexual roles and chastity. Concerning view of the opposite sex, they attached more importance to the inner aspects of the opposite sex than his or her look, and they wanted to date in a natural manner. Regarding sexual roles, they were relatively well cognizant of gender equity and the importance of male and female roles. As to view of chastity, they looked upon sex as natural, not as what's ugly or ashamed of. Third, concerning their outlook on sex education, approximately more than half the students felt the needs for sex education, and there was a significant difference between the urban and rural students. They wanted to receive education about the prevention of sexual violence and physical changes during puberty the most, and there was a significant gap between the urban and rural students in this aspect. As to the time for sex education, they thought that students should start to be exposed to sex education in their fifth or sixth year. This finding signified that fifth or sixth graders who were in the beginning of puberty started to have a lot of interest in their own physical changes. Therefore, sex education would produce better effects when it's provided to fifth or sixth graders. Nearly half them preferred single-gender class when they received sex education, and there's no gap between the urban and rural students in that regard.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.37-53
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• 2007

일부 지역의 일반인을 대상으로 대체요법에 대한 개인적 인식 정도와 이용경험을 파악하여 대체요법의 효율적 이용 방안을 연구하고 대체요법의 발전을 모색하는데 그 목적을 두고 본 연구를 시행하였다. 본 연구를 시행하기 위해 전남의 일부 지역 성인의 일반인을 연구자의 편의에 의해 선정하여 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통하여, 첫째, 대체요법에 대한 지식 정도는 설문에 응답한 응답자 중 '약간 안다' 44.4%였다. 둘째, 대체요법의 '이용 경험은 있다.'는 응답자가 22.6%로 매우 낮았으나 이는 설문에 앞서 대체요법의 범주를 제시하지 않아 대체요법에 대한 용어의 이해 정도가 낮은 이유로 보여 진다. 셋째, 248명의 응답자 중 166명이 대체요법을 이용하고 있다고 응답했다. 이는 대체요법의 범주를 미리 제시하지 않아 대체요법의 범주에 대한 이해의 차이로 해석되어지며 본 질문 사항에서 대체요법의 범주를 이해한 것으로 보여 진다. 넷째, 연구대상자들이 가장 교육받고 싶은 요법으로 남자는 대체요법을 교육받고 싶은 1순위에 41명이 침술(수지침, 사혈 등)을 교육받고 싶어 했고, 여자는 대체요법을 교육받고 싶은 1순위에 20명이 요가를 교육받고 싶어 하였다. 따라서 대체요법 교육에 있어 남녀의 특성을 고려하여 교육을 시킬 때 더욱 효과적이 될 것임을 알 수 있었다. 대체요법에 대한 종류와 그 효능을 입증 할 수 있는 연구와 더불어 체계적인 홍보와 교육에 있어 적극적인 노력이 필요하다고 사료된다.