• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.143-156
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• 1999

This study examined the role of maternal attribution in Parenting behaviors. Using an attributional model, it assessed whether maternal attributions about children's knowledge, capacity, expectation, and responsibility for behavior problems have effects on maternal behaviors of affect and authoritarian control. The sample consisted of 297 mothers who have first-and forth-grade children. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that matemal attribution about children’s knowledge for misconduct had positive influence on maternal affect and negative influence on authoritarian control behaviors, and that maternal attribution of expectation negatively influenced the behaviors of authoritarian control. In addition, such background factors as child age, gender, family income, family type, maternal education, and self-esteem were significant predictors for maternal attributions. In regard of mothering behaviors, child age, maternal age, and self-esteem were related to maternal affect, while family type and maternal self-esteem were related to authoritarian control. The findings suggest the importance of matemal attributions in parenting for better child development.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2007

Objectives: This study aims to identify the usage status of general drugs by some college students based on their own judgment and the relevant factors having impact on them. Methods: The questionnaire survey was conducted by visiting the students in 3 colleges in Daejeon and Chungcheongnam-Do. 792 students were finally selected as the subjects. The results were statistically analyzed using the SPSSWIN(ver 13.0) and $x^2-test$, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: The usage status of college students showed the significant difference by general features, knowledge and recognition attitude. The knowledge level of students on the general drugs was very low. They had excessive expectation on the general drugs in terms of the recognition attitude. The lowest factor was the distrust on the general drugs. 27.5% of subjects was satisfied with the effect after using 48.1%m when the drugs were frequently used. Those who experienced the side effects accounted for 9.6%. In accordance with the analysis on the factors related to the knowledge on, recognition attitude on and usage status of general drugs, the education had the highest influence on the abuse and misapplication of drugs. For the mistrust factor on the drugs and negligence factor on abnormal response, the gender was the most influencing. The knowledge level was the greatest impact on the excessive expectation factor on the drugs. The factor that the usage status was the most influential was the education on the abuse and misapplication of drugs. Conclusions: The systematic approach including establishment of health policies for the improvement of health and health education activity should be implemented on the basis of the thorough analysis on the knowledge level and recognition on drugs and the factors influencing on the usage of drugs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2021

The present study seeks to investigate the degree of awareness that constitutes the audit gap expectations (AEG) to determine which audit responsibilities can be narrowed or even eliminated. The author had surveyed a sample comprising four groups including auditors, auditees, the financial community, and other interest groups. In this survey, 1400 questionnaires were sent to the respondents, and the total number of responses was 454. The collected data was processed using statistical software SPSS, version 22. The Chi-Square test was used to analyze the effect of professional differences on AEG. The results of this study indicate that AEG cannot be eliminated due to the occupational impact of each survey group (about 46%), but it can be narrowed down to 54%, including a reduction of 11% in the knowledge gap (lack of public knowledge), 13% in the reasonable expectations gap (unqualified audit quality), 30% in the deficient standards gap (limited auditing standards). These results could be attained by improving training, communicating, and adding more responsibilities. This is the first study that provides another method of measuring the contribution of the knowledge gap through professional differences and professional gaps that make up each of the AEG's components.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.45-58
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to test a causal model of employed and unemployed wives on the basis of the family resource management system theory. The data of this study were obtained from 244 wives who lived in Seoul and were financial mangers. Major findings of this study were as follows: 1. Both employed and unemployed wives, knowledge of financial management was significantly predictor of financial planning. That is, household financial mangers with more financial knowlege used more effective planning behaviors than did those financial managers with less financial konwlege. This results emphasize the significance of enhancing the financial konwledge in the household financial management. 2. For unemployed wives, expectation of household’s future financial condition was influenced by age, household income, locus of control over their financial situation, and perception of financial management’s effectiveness. The strongest predictor of expectation of the household’s future financial situation was age. Younger managers were more optimistic about the future. 3. The findings of this study support theoretical framework on the basis of the family resource management system theory, both for employed and unemployed wives.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.86-106
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• 2006

The purpose of the study is 1) to explore clinic and hospital CEOs' satisfaction and expectation level on the affiliation with the larger size teaching hospitals, 2) to find the factors influencing the satisfaction and expectation level on the affiliation with the large hospitals. Data for analysis was collected to use self-administrative structured questionnaire on 335 CEOs of small or middle sized clinics and hospitals affiliated with large sized teaching hospitals located in Seoul and Kyung Ki Province. For the study, the researchers develop the constructs for questions on the satisfaction and the expectation of the affiliation, the attitude, knowledge on the affiliation, previous relationship of the affiliation, and selection guideline of the affiliation with exploratory factor analysis and reliability test. Through the confirmative factor analysis using AMOS 4, the researchers develop constructs based on exact relationship between constructs and questions. CEOs' expressive and unexpressive satisfaction level are 2.54 of 5 point(38.5 of 100) and 2.78 of 5 point(44.5 of 100), and the expressive and unexpressive expectation level are 2.77 of 5 point(44.3) and 3.16 of 5 point(54.0). These levels are relatively row for importance of affiliation. Expectation levels do not influence satisfaction levels. Attitude of affiliation influences expressive expectation and unexpressive satisfaction, reason for affiliation unexpressive satisfaction, and previous relationship to affiliated hospitals influence both of expressive and unexpressive satisfaction. The expressive expectation level and the expressive satisfaction level influence unexpressive expectation and unexpressive satisfaction, respectively. There is cognitive dissonance between expectation and satisfaction, therefore numbers of affiliation might be smaller or weaker in the future than present time. Many CEOs feel environmental press such as competition and the press of health insurance, but they might not think affiliation is best solution. Therefore, large hospitals try to give affiliated clinics and hospitals practical benefits to increase satisfaction and expectation levels, and they need to new affiliation form such as joint venture and joint ownership. The expectation and the satisfaction level was influenced by CEOs' gender, type of health service facilities, distances between the affiliated facility and the large mother hospital, and reason for affiliation.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

In this paper, a research model is proved empirically which includes factors related on the purchase intention of smart car as high innovative product in advance of commercialization. As one of relating to consumer's expectation benefit factors, individual attribute factor includes product knowledge, individual innovativeness, and sociality. Consumer's expectation benefit factor includes perceived ease-of-use, usefulness, and enjoyment. As of switching cost variables, there are financial, uncertainty, relational and psychological switching costs factors. Analysis were performed using data from the 257 respondents as random sampling among potential consumers. Purchase intention were affected by individual innovativeness mediated by perceived enjoyment, and individual sociality by perceived ease-of-use and enjoyment also. Relational switching costs factor was only a significant control variable between purchase intention with consumer's expectation benefit factor. This result presents some implications for making the new smart car's detail concept and marketing strategy related to targeting the consumer as high innovative product and technology firms including smart car makers.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2000

Effective management of knowledge is essential to keep up with demands of this challenging information age. The first step for this kind of management would be to define indicators to evaluate the quality of knowledge. In this paper, we use five latent variables (intrinsic quality, representational quality, ease of use of quality, maintainable quality, usage of quality) as basis for a preliminary path analysis for knowledge management. Preliminary study results showed that high intrinsic quality does not necessarily guarantee high frequency of use. A modified questionnaire is made and is used for SERVQUAL. The result of SERVQUAL shows that customers are not relatively happy about both intrinsic quality and its ease of use. Additional path analyses are done for both expected and observed quality indicators. The path model based on the expectation indicated that the presentation method of knowledge would induce its easy maintenance while that based on observation did not back up the same phenomenon.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.4975-4983
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• 2012

예술영화와 상업영화는 영화라는 공통의 대중문화양식에 속하면서도 상이한 특성을 나타낸다. 본 연구는 영화를 예술영화와 상업영화로 구별하여 비평의 전문성과 사전 기대가 관람 의도의 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 이를 위해 20-30대의 일반인을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 예술영화와 상업영화라는 영화 유형별로 비평의 전문성과 사전 기대가 관람 의도에 미치는 영향에 차이가 있음이 확인하였다. 예술영화의 경우 비평의 전문성이 높았을 때 관람 의도가 높아졌으며 이는 비평의 전문성에 의해 형성된 실용적 기대감이 비평의 전문성과 관람 의도와의 관계에 매개효과를 가졌기 때문임을 검증하였다. 반면 상업영화의 경우 비평의 전문성이 낮았을 때 관람 의도가 높아졌는데, 이는 비전문가인 일반 네티즌의 비평에 의해 형성된 정서적 기대감이 둘 사이의 관계에 매개효과를 가졌기 때문임을 검증하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 비평가의 전문성이 영화의 유형에 따라 일반대중의 관람 의도에 상이한 영향을 미친다는 것을 밝힘으로써 영화 산업의 연구에 공헌하고자 한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2005

사진기에서 고품질의 영상을 획득하기 위해서는 적절히 노출 시간을 조절하게 되는데 이로 인해 각각 독립적으로 얻어진 영상들의 노출 시간은 서로 달라진다. 이는 여러 영상의 열을 정렬하는 과정 등에서 부정확한 결과를 초래할 수 있으므로 영상들의 노출 시간을 동일하게 맞추어 줄 필요가 있다. 그런데, 노출 시간을 알지 못하는 경우에는, 하나의 영상을 기준으로 다른 영상들의 상대적 노출 시간을 추정하고 보정하는 알고리즘에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는, 사진기의 모델 함수를 고려할 필요 없는, 최소 오류 개념에서 최적의 예측기인 conditional expectation을 사용하여 노출 보정을 시도하였다. 나아가서, 불규칙한 노출 또는 히스토그램 특성을 위한 적응 노출 보정 기법을 제안하였다. 이때 blocking artifact 및 overfitting 등의 문제를 완화시키기 위한 인접의 화소를 사용하는 기법을 도입하였다. 디지털 사진기 및 투과전자현미경을 통하여 얻어진 실제 영상을 사용한 모의실험을 통하여 성공적인 노출 보정 수행을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.83-116
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze empirically analyze how the characteristics of participants in educational and social learning forums and the quality of events influence expectations and satisfaction of forums. The study also aims to provide strategic implications for forum organizers and give them suggestions on how to set up target audience, manage forum contents, speakers, and services, improve attendee satisfaction, and ultimately maximize overall outcomes. As exchanges among individuals, enterprises, and organizations, as well as countries are growing rapidly, the convention industry has become a key player in the market. Conventions have also become a venue for people to discuss a specific agenda or topic, exchange information and learn knowledge and insights. Especially, the forum - as part of the convention industry - plays a vital role providing educational and social learning opportunities as scholars and expertise come together to share their knowledge and experience through a variety of discussions. With its role, many of forums are taking place in recent years; however, there have been few empirical studies upon the forum itself. Also, there have been few attempts to research how the quality of forums affect participants' satisfaction along with their characteristics and how much of practical knowledge is provided throughout the events. This study is meaningful in that it is the first practical study that takes a deep understanding of the forum and sees how the quality of the forums influences participants' satisfaction and whether the characteristics of participants have a moderating effect in increasing the level of satisfaction. Forum organizers could also take a strategic approach as their major concerns are to increase the number of participants and raise degree of satisfaction by providing significant information. There are four key elements that determine success or failure of a social learning forum. The four elements are contents, speakers, services, and participants. Content plays an important role in providing rich information and knowledge for participants. Speakers are the main knowledge providers who contribute to the forum's social learning role. Also, the services provided by forum organizers such as simultaneous interpretation services, program brochures, lunch and refreshments, and the overall design of event hall can also influence the level of participants' satisfaction. Lastly, the participants and their characteristics are important since they are the ones who receive knowledge from the providers. The results of this study show that the quality of forum (content, speaker, and services) has a decisive effect on the participants' satisfaction and there are some differences in expectation among the participants in the forum. Also, some groups of participants were more likely to be stimulated by the quality of forum when determining their satisfaction. The study is modeled after MBN Y Forum 2016 and its participants' characteristics. The forum is one of the most representative social learning forums of South Korea and its audiences are mostly young people. It has analyzed how the participants' characteristics influence their satisfaction by grouping them into ${\Delta}participants$ who have invited for free and those who paid for the entrance fee, ${\Delta}first-time$ participants and returning participants, ${\Delta}voluntary$ and involuntary participants, ${\Delta}participants$ who registered through web and those who did through mobile, and ${\Delta}participants$ who registered during pre-sale opens and those who registered during general opens.