• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권5호
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• pp.557-569
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• 2022

The retrofit of existing structures in high seismic zones is a crucial issue in the earthquake engineering field. The interest of the research community is particularly high for the structures that do not respect current seismic codes and present structural deficiencies such as poor detailing and lack of capacity design provisions. A reinforced concrete (RC) school building is used as case study to show the influence of different knowledge levels on the seismic retrofitting cost assessment. The safety assessment of the case study building highlights deficiencies under both vertical and seismic loads. By considering all the possible knowledge levels defined by the Italian such as by the European codes in order to derive the mechanical properties of the school building constitutive materials, the retrofit operations are designed to achieve different seismic safety thresholds. The retrofit structural costs are calculated and summed up to the costs for in-situ in tests. The paper shows how for the case study building the major costs spent for a large number of in-situ tests allows to save a consistent amount of money for retrofit operations. The hypothesis of demolition and reconstruction of the building is also compared in terms of costs with all the analyzed retrofit options.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제7권2호통권24호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2007

Recently, a lot of domestic construction companies have implemented Knowledge Management System. However, most of the knowledge in the construction fields still cannot written down on papers, and it is just locked in people's heads. The purpose of this study was to analyze the current situation of knowledge sharing in the construction fields. For this research, questionnaires were distributed and the results of this study was as follows; the essential factor of successful knowledge sharing is not introducing a high quality of electronic system but developing culture of knowledge sharing. When positive culture of knowledge sharing is combined with technical infrastructure, knowledge sharing will be actively promoted.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1997

Current CAD systems used in the AEC community have some critical problems. One of them is that they hardly support design collaboration. Thus designers and engineers are hard to transfer design knowledge from one discipline to another. What we need is a common building database which creates and manages building plans/models and relevant design knowledge consistently and effectively. This paper presents a powerful CAD editor, called UNIFORM, which is being developed. Currently UNIFORM includes three main modules: a plan generator, a 3-D model generator, and component databases. A plan generator, called UNIFORM PLANNER, creates a plan which contains semantically-rich information of building. Each component in the plan can be presented in various ways and connected to component databases that contain knowledge of building components such as windows, doors, walls, etc. Based on the plan UNIFORM MODELER, another module of the program, generates a three dimensional building model which could be a multiple-story building. One of the main ideas behind the system is that it generates and maintains a common building form that can be easily delivered to other members of the project team. Thus it is expected to increase system integration, team interactions, and productivity.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제3권
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• pp.71-82
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• 1994

Knowledge acquisition, maintenance of knowledge base, and validation and verification of knowledge are the addressed bottlenecks of building successful knowledge based systems. Along with the increment of interesting in the knowledge based systems, the organization needs to develop a new one although it has a similar one. This causes several serious problems including knowledge redundancy and maintenance of knowledge base. This paper present three models of the reusable knowledge base which might be the solution to the above problem. Three models are : 1) multiple knowledge bases for a single AI application, 2) multiple knowledge bases for multiple AI applications, 3) a single knowledge base for multiple AI applications. A new approach to build such a reusable knowledge base in a homogeneous environment is presented. Our model combines the essential object-oriented techniques with rules in a consistent manner. Important aspects of applying object-oriented techniques to AI are discussed (inheritance, encapsulation, message passing), and some potential problems in building an AI application (decomposition technique of knowledge, search time, and heterogeneous environment) are pointed out. The models of a reusable knowledge base provide several amenities : 1) reduce the knowledge redundancy, 2) reduce the effort of maintenance of the knowledge base, 3) reuse the resource of the multiple domain knowledge bases, 4) reduce the development time.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2020

This study is on capacity building and attitude to work of librarians in Edo State public libraries, Nigeria. Investigation was on the capacity building programs in the Edo State public libraries, the levels of librarians' awareness and participation in the programs, methods of building the capacity programs, influence on the librarians' attitudes to work and factors militating against the programs. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study and the entire population of 23 librarians were used. Results indicate that the capacity building programs in the library include computer literacy skills, online public access catalogue (OPAC), Internet collection management and general trends in librarianship. The methods used in building the capacity programs in the library include conferences, workshops/seminars, on-the-job and internally organized courses. Respondents indicated very low level of participation in the programs and a negative influence of the programs on their attitudes to work. Various problems were identified as militating against the capacity building programs and solutions were suggested.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-34
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• 1999

Building a knowledge base effectively has been an important research area in the expert systems field. A variety of approaches have been studied including rules, semantic networks, and frames to represent the knowledge base for expert systems. As the size and complexity of the knowledge base get larger and more complicated, the integration of knowledge based with database technology cecomes more important to process the large amount of data. However, relational database management systems show many limitations in handing the complicated human knowledge due to its simple two dimensional table structure. In this paper, we propose Object-Oriented Knowledge Store (OOKS), a knowledge base model on the basis of a frame sturcture using an object-oriented database. In the proposed model, managing rules for inferencing and facts about objects in one uniform structure, knowledge and data can be tightly coupled and the performance of reasoning can be improved. For building a knowledge base, a knowledge script file representing rules and facts is used and the script file is transferred into a frame structure in database systems. Specifically, designing a frame structure in the database model as it is, it can facilitate management and utilization of knowledge in expert systems. To test the appropriateness of the proposed knowledge base model, a prototype system has been developed using a commercial ODBMS called ObjectStore and C++ programming language.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1990

In this paper, a knowledge base editor is presented as a supporting environment for an expert system building tool, OPS5. The knowledge base editor is especially useful for the fast and easy development of a knowledge base when the OPS5 production language is used. This knowledge base editor has some special facilities such as syntax and type checking, rule browsing and automatic bokkeeping. The syntax and type checking provides the facilities to find syntax and type errors in an edited knowledge base, respectively. The rule browsing facility offers various pattern matching schemes to see the causes and effects of a concerned rule. Automatic bookkeeping keeps the updated date and user name of a rule for the later reference whenever a user adds or changes a rule.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2010

본 논문은 자연어처리 연구를 위하여 지도학습(supervised learning)방식의 어휘지식(lexical knowledge) 수동 구축 방법의 한계점을 극복하기 위하여 비지도학습(unsupervised learning)방식의 자동 어휘지식 획득 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 모델은 벡터화, 클러스터링, 어휘지식 획득 과정을 통하여 입력으로 주어지는 어휘목록에서 어휘지식을 자동으로 획득한다. 모델의 어휘지식 획득 과정에서 파라미터 변화에 따른 어휘지식 개수의 변화와 어휘지식의 특징이 나타나는 어휘 지식 사전의 일부 모습을 보인다. 실험결과 어휘지식 중 하나로 획득되는 어휘범주 지식의 클러스터가 일정한 개수에서 수렴하는 것이 관찰되어 어휘지식을 필요로 하는 전자사전 자동구축의 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 한국어 특성이 반영되어 좌 우 통사정보가 포함된 어휘사전을 구축하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.407-420
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• 2015

Natural Language Question Answering (NLQA) and Prescriptive Analytics (PA) have been identified as innovative, emerging technologies in 2015 by the Gartner group. These technologies require knowledge bases that consist of data that has been extracted from unstructured texts. Every business requires a knowledge base for business analytics as it can enhance companies' competitiveness in their industry. Most intelligent or analytic services depend a lot upon on knowledge bases. However, building a qualified knowledge base is very time consuming and requires a considerable amount of effort, especially if it is to be manually created. Another problem that occurs when creating a knowledge base is that it will be outdated by the time it is completed and will require constant updating even when it is ready in use. For these reason, it is more advisable to create a computerized knowledge base. This research focuses on building a computerized knowledge base for business using a supervised learning and rule-based method. The method proposed in this paper is based on information extraction, but it has been specialized and modified to extract information related only to a business. The business knowledge base created by our system can also be used for advanced functions such as presenting the hierarchy of technologies and products, and the relations between technologies and products. Using our method, these relations can be expanded and customized according to business requirements.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.895-902
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• 2022

Building segmentation using satellite imagery such as EO (Electro-Optical) and SAR (Synthetic-Aperture Radar) images are widely used due to their various uses. EO images have the advantage of having color information, and they are noise-free. In contrast, SAR images can identify the physical characteristics and geometrical information that the EO image cannot capture. This paper proposes a learning framework for efficient building segmentation that consists of a teacher-student-based privileged knowledge distillation and deformable convolution block. The teacher network utilizes EO and SAR images simultaneously to produce richer features and provide them to the student network, while the student network only uses EO images. To do this, we present objective functions that consist of Kullback-Leibler divergence loss and knowledge distillation loss. Furthermore, we introduce deformable convolution to avoid pixel-level noise and efficiently capture hard samples such as small and thin buildings at the global level. Experimental result shows that our method outperforms other methods and efficiently captures complex samples such as a small or narrow building. Moreover, Since our method can be applied to various methods.