• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease characterized by degradation of articular cartilage and its association with chronic pain. Purified Bee venom (PBV) has been traditionally used to the treatment for inflammatory diseases. The purpose of the current study is to examine whether PBV regulates the pro-inflammation against a mouse model of knee OA induced by papain. We studied the effect of PBV on papain-induced OA in the knee joints of mice. Mice were split into following groups: normal control, papain induced OA, OA treated with PBV, OA treated with meloxicam as positive control. Proteoglycan deposition was analyzed by safranin O-fast green staining and H&E staining. Papain injection significantly degraded the proteoglycan in OA mice at 42 days. Cartilage proteoglycan density was significantly higher in PBV treated OA group than those of the positive control groups. These results demonstrate that PBV efficiently suppresses pathological processes in an OA model. Thus, PBV could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OA.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2022

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the effects of low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and obesity on aging-related osteoarthritis (OA) in the Korean population. Methods: A total of 16,601 participants who underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and 3,976 subjects with knee X-rays according to the modified Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) system were enrolled. Knees of ≥KL grade 2 were classified as radiologic OA. The severity of joint space narrowing (JSN) was classified by X-rays as normal, mild-to-moderate, and severe JSN in radiologic OA. The subjects were grouped as normal SMI (SMI of ≥-1 standard deviation [SD] of the mean), low SMI class I (SMI of ≥-2 SDs and <-1 SD), and low SMI class II (SMI of <-2 SDs). Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥27.5 kg/m². Results: The modified KL grade and JSN severity were negatively correlated with the SMI and positively correlated with BMI and age. The SMI was negatively correlated with age. JSN severity was significantly associated with a low SMI class compared to a normal SMI, which was more prominent in low SMI class II than class I. Obesity was significantly associated with more severe JSN, only for obesity with a low SMI class. Furthermore, patients with a low SMI class, regardless of obesity, were prone to having more severe JSN. Conclusion: This study suggested that a low SMI class was associated with aging and that an age-related low SMI was more critically related to the severity of JSN in OA.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.264-274
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• 2024

Background: Radiofrequency ablation is an effective treatment modality in the symptomatic treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation of the superomedial and inferomedial genicular nerves (2 branches) with the superolateral, superomedial, and inferomedial genicular nerves (3 branches) and to show whether the 2-branch procedure is inferior to the 3-branch procedure. Methods: This study is a prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical study. Eligible participants were randomized into 2 groups: group A, which applied the procedure to the superomedial and inferomedial genicular nerves, and group B, which applied it to the superomedial, superolateral and inferomedial genicular nerves. Pain was evaluated with the numerical rating scale, quality of life with the Short Form-36 (SF-36), and disability with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index before, and at 1 and 3 months after the procedure. Results: A total of 41 patients were included. There were no differences between the groups except for the SF-36 physical health sub-score at baseline. A significant improvement was seen in the numeric rating scale (NRS) score, SF-36 sub-scores, WOMAC Index total, as well as pain and physical function scores in both groups, though no significant difference was detected between the groups during follow-up. Conclusions: Although we were unable to establish the noninferiority of conventional radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) applied to 2 branches to CRFA applied to 3 branches, in this trial, significant and similar improvement was observed in NRS, WOMAC total, pain, and physical function and SF-36 scores in both groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of treadmill exercise of diverse intensities on the expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ (interleukine-$1{\beta}$) in the spinal cord in osteoarthritis rats. METHODS: The authors applied treadmill exercise of diverse intensity for 4 weeks to Sprague-Dawley rats to which intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA, $3mg/50{\mu}l$, diluted in saline) was applied in the right knee joint to induce osteoarthritis. The four-week exercise was not applied to the control group(CG, n=15), while exercise of applicable intensity was applied to the low-intensity exercise group(LEG, n=15), moderate-intensity exercise group (MEG, n=15), and high-intensity exercise group(HEG, n=15) for four weeks. Observations were made of expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ in the spinal cord in osteoarthritis rats using western blot analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences(p<.05) in the comparison of expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ in the spinal cord between the four groups involved. And the LEG and MEG had reduced expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ significantly than the CG(p<.05); in particular, the MEG showed the lowest expression. On the other hand, the HEG had more elevated expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ significantly than the CG(p<.05). CONCLUSION: As a result, factors that induce neuropathic pain such as IL-$1{\beta}$ are reduced; thus, the recovery of damaged neurons is improved and neuropathic pain is reduced. Further, when prescribing exercise to treat osteoarthritis patients, exercise of moderate intensity suitable for patients' physical conditions, rather than high intensity, maximizes the effects of this therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.35-58
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Curcuma longa rhizoma extract in an experimental rat model of osteoarthritis. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced in rats by injecting monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the knee joint cavity of rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups (Normal, Control, positive comparison, low (CL) and high (CH) concentration groups). Rats in the low concentration (CL) group had MIA-induced osteoarthritis; they were treated with Curcuma longa rhizoma extract at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight. Rats in the high concentration (CH) group had MIA-induced osteoarthritis; they were treated with Curcuma longa rhizoma extract at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight. Hind paw weight distribution and ROS levels were measured. At the end of all treatments, changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels were analyzed. In addition, inflammatory protein levels were evaluated by western blot analysis. Results: In this study, hind paw weight distribution significantly improved in the CL and CH groups, while. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production significantly decreased in both. The levels of ALT, AST, BUN, and creatinine did not significantly change in either group. The production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4), $p47^{phox}$, and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) decreased in both. Catalase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased in the CL and CH groups, respectively. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) increased, but there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Inflammatory cytokines, including nuclear factor-kappa Bp65 (NF-${\kappa}Bp65$), interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), decreased significantly in both the CL and CH groups. Conclusions: Our results showed that Curcuma longa rhizoma extract has anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-inflammatory activity is regulated by the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as NF-${\kappa}B$, therefore, it suppresses cartilage damage as well.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the preventive and therapeutic efficacy of osteoarthritis using a Yeonsan-Ogye egg. so, we researched at effects of Yeonsan-Ogye egg extract on MIA-induced Osteoarthritis animal models. Methods : Yeonsan-Ogye egg extract was administered 500 mg/kg/day, 1000 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day to SD-Rat for 2 weeks. After that, osteoarthritis was induced with $60mg/m{\ell}$ of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) and futher administration was continued for 4 weeks. 3D imaging of cartilage patella were obtained using a Micro-CT system and the pathology change of knee was observed by H&E and safranin-O staining. The weight bearing ratio was measured by incapacitance test meter. MMP-2, MMP-9, COMP, CTX II, calcitonin and glycosaminoglycan level in serum were measured using a ELISA. Results : Micro-CT and Histopathological analysis showed the volume of the patella cartilage and the proteoglycan contents were increased in all groups. also weight bearing ratio was decreased in all groups compared with control group. Calcitonin production was increased in and 2000 mg/kg/day group and glycosaminoglycan production was increased in all groups. In addition, MMP-2, MMP-9, COMP and CTX II production were decreased in 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day groups respectively in comparison with control. Conclusions : The results for Yeonsan-Ogye egg showed prevention and treatment efficacy against arthritis at serum and the cartilage. These results may be used a remedy for new korea medicine to ease the symptoms mentioned above. also, suggest that Yeonsan-Ogye egg can be used preventive and therapeutic material for osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2011

The purpose of this article is to examine correlation between femoral rotational angle and subjective satisfaction of high tibial osteotomy outcome of the range of motion of knee joint. The subjects were 15 patients (6 males, 9 females) with primary osteoarthritis undergoing high tibial osteotomy from June of 2004 to August of 2008. They were CT tested on the knee joint before and after high tibial osteotomy. TEA (Fig. 1) and Akagi's line (Fig. 2) are analyzed as percentages. The Kendall's and Spearman's nonparametric correlation coefficient were used for the statistical tests with 0.5 level of significance. The result reveals that femoral rotational angle correlates with not the range of motion of knee joint but subjective satisfaction of the patients. Therefore, this will enable patients and physicians to have better clinical outcome.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of wedged insole and foot progression angle (FPG) on lateral thrust of knee in healthy subjects. Fifteen healthy male subjects were recruited from Suncheon First College, in Suncheon. The subjects randomly walked at the comfortable velocity under five conditions: bare footed, medio-lateral $10^{\circ}$ wedged insoles, toe-in and toe-out gait. The lateral thrust was measured by a accelerometer with telemeter during walking. Data was collected while each subject walked for about 10 gait cycle on a flat, level walkway at their normal speed. The middle three gait cycle were used for averaged peak value of lateral acceleration. The three averaged peak value of lateral acceleration were collected under each condition at heel strike. The results showed that averaged peak value of lateral acceleration increased significantly in medial wedged insole and toe-in gait and decreased significantly in lateral wedged insole and toe-out gait as compared with bare footed (p<.05). These results suggest that wedged insole as well as walking strategy, such as foot progression angle, may prevent progression of degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigerate the changes of isokinetic muscular function in elderly people who have been to take from osteoarthritis in both knee joints after 36 weeks' rehabilitative therapy programs. In this study the subjects were 20 women residing in S-Tower(n=10) and H-welfare Town(n=10) respectively. The rehabilitative group(equal to experimental group) had taken part in exercise program 5 days per week. And then was performed by warm up, workout(involving aerobic exercise and weight training), cool down, physical therapy(cryotherapy, TENS, ultrasound). Also its programs were classified in conditioning phase($0{\sim}12$ weeks), improvement phase($13{\sim}24$ weeks), and maintenance phase($25{\sim}36$ weeks) respectively. The results of inspections were as followed: In the isokinetic muscular function, there were significant differences in right leg's flexor and extensor in $60^{\circ}$/sec. And there were significant differences in right leg's flexor and left leg's extensor in $180^{\circ}$/sec. At last, there were significant differences in right leg's flexor and left leg's extensor in $240^{\circ}$/sec. In other words, the rehabilitative programs for 36 weeks could increase the muscular function in elderly with OA. In conclusion, the rehabilitative programs of this paper has shown the positive results, which involved in the muscular function variables in elderly people with OA in both knee.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.47-55
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• 2007

Objectives : To verify pain relief effects and allergy inhibitory action for the osteoarthritis of the knee joint in Sweet Bee Venom in which allergy causing enzyme is removed. Methods : We randomly allocated 36 participants to treatment group Sweet Bee Venom and Bee Venom. Outcomes on pain reduction were measured by 100mm VAS(Visual Analog Scale). And we recorded into details allergic responses during Pharmacopuncture treatment. Results : Whole body condition and pain rate through VAS measurement were improved significantly in 2 weeks. We could get difference in pain score of two Pharmacopuncture groups significantly in 2 weeks. BV group showed superior reduction in pain compared to the Sweet BV group. But we could not get difference in whole score of two pharmacopuncture groups significantly. On the other hand other allergic responses such as edema, itchiness, pain were significantly lower in the Sweet BV group.