• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic characteristics and muscle activities during the following two conditions: transition from half-kneel to standing on the affected leg and non-affected leg. Methods: Twenty-one hemiplegic patients participated in the study. A motion analysis system was used to record the range of motion and angle velocity of the hip, knee and ankle from the half-kneel to the standing position. Electromyography was used to record the activity of 4 muscles. Results: The statistical analysis showed that the minimum ROM of the hip joint was less on the affected leg during transition from half-kneel to standing. However, the minimum ROM of the knee and ankle joints was less on the non-affected leg during transition from half-kneel to standing. The angle velocity of the knee and ankle joints was less during transition from half kneeling to standing on the non-affected leg. Muscle activity of the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior was less while moving from half-kneel to the standing position on the affected leg. Conclusion: These results show that greater active ROM of the knee and ankle was required on the affected leg for transition from half-kneel to the standing position than for normal gait. Muscle activity of the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior is normally required for movement from the half-kneel to the standing position during normal gait. Further studies are needed to investigate the antigravity movement in healthy subjects and hemiplegic patients in order to completely understand the normal and abnormal movement from the half-kneel to the standing position.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2021

Background: Considering the kinetic chain of the lower extremity, a pronated foot position (PFP) can affect malalignment of the lower extremity, such as a dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Although the DKV during several single-leg movement tests has been investigated, no studies have compared the differences in DKV during a single-leg step down (SLSD) between subjects with and without PFP. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the DKV during SLSD between subjects with and without PFP. Methods: Twelve subjects with PFP (9 men, 3 women) and 15 subjects without PFP (12 men, 3 women) participated in this study. To calculate the DKV, frontal plane projection angle (FPPA), knee-in distance (KID), and hip-out distance (HOD) during SLSD were analyzed by two-dimensional video analysis software (Kinovea). Results: The FPPA was significantly lower in PFP group, compared with control group (166.4° ± 7.5° and 174.5° ± 5.5°, p < 0.05). Also, the KID was significantly greater in PFP group, compared with control group (12.7 ± 3.9 cm and 7.3 ± 2.4 cm, p < 0.05). However, the HOD not significantly differed between two groups (12.7 ± 1.7 cm and 11.4 ± 2.5 cm, p > 0.05). Conclusion: The PFP is associated with lower FPPA and greater KID. When assess the DKV during SLSD, the PFP should be considered as a crucial factor for occurrence of DKV.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the correlation of pain, stiffness, and physical function by analyizing the KWOMAC socre of the patients with degenerative knee OA, is the most common disease among senior population. Method : 100 degenerative knee OA patients, diagnosed at the hostpital or clinic located in Degu and Kyung-buk province were participated in the study. Result : This study results in following conclusions. 1. Degenerative knee OA patients complained the pain going up or down stairs, stiffness after getting up in the morning. immediately. 2. They also had significant difficulty ascending or decending stairs, getting in or out of car, rising from sitting, doing chores. 3. There was the high correlation among pain, stiffness, physical function. Conclusions : It may provide information to assess the ADL of knee OA patients and the exercise, outcome for their independent life effectly.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.132-135
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• 2002

In the present study, an electro-mechanical KAFO (knee-ankle-foot orthosis) which satisfies both the stability in stance and the knee flexion in swing was developed and evacuated in eight polio patients. A knee joint control algorithm suitable for polio patients who are lack of the stability in pre-swing was also developed and various control systems and circuits were also designed. In addition, knee flexion angles and knee moments were measured and analyzed for polio patients who used the developed KAFO with the three-dimensional motion analysis system. Energy consumption was also evaluated for the developed KAFO by measuring the movement of the COG (center of gravity) during gait. From the present study, the designed foot switch system successfully determined the gait cycle of polio patients and controlled knee joint of the KAFO, resulting in the passive knee flexion or foot clearance during swing phase. From the three-dimensional gait analysis for polio patients, it was found that the controlled-knee gait with the developed electro-mechanical KAFO showed the knee flexion of 40$^{\circ}$∼45$^{\circ}$ at an appropriate time during swing. Vertical movements of COG in controlled-knee gait (gait with the developed electro-mechanical KAFO) were significantly smaller than those in looked knee gait(gait with the locked knee Joint). and correspondingly controlled-knee gait reduced approximately 40% less energy consumption during horizontal walking gait. More efficient gait patterns could be obtained when various rehabilitation training and therapeutic programs as well as the developed electro-mechanical KAFO were applied for polio patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.683-693
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• 1993

연구배경 : 생체의 운동은 움직임 자체를 수행하기 위한 근육, 관절 및 이를 관장하는 신경계와 운동중 적절한 산소를 공급하기 위한 심혈관계 및 호흡계의 조절이 동반되는 매우 복잡한 기전에 의하여 유지되고 있다. 이들의 상호관련성을 밝히기 위하여 많은 연구들이 진행중이나 특히 관절과 호흡중추의 연계성에 대하여는 아직도 연구가 미진한 편이다. 이에 본 연구는 관절의 정상적인 움직임이 호흡계에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하고자 $\alpha$-chloralose로 마취한 고양이의 분당 호흡수, 횡격신경과 흡식신경섬유의 변화를 관찰하였다. 방법 : 26마리의 성숙한 숫고양이에서 슬관절 자극중 횡격신경 및 흡식중추신경의 활동성을 기록하기 위하여 쌍극백금전극과 탄소섬유전극을 이용하여 세포외에서 기록하였다. 슬관절을 자극하기 위하여 슬관절의 굴곡-신전운동, 슬관절 동맥을 통한 화학적인 자극 및 슬관절 신경의 전기적인 자극법 등을 사용하였다. 결과 : 슬관절의 정상 운동각도내에서 120 Hz.의 빠른 운동을 1분간 시킨 경우에는 분당호흡수와 분당호흡신경활동이 유의하게 증가하였으며 3분간 운동을 시킨 경우에는 호흡수, 일회호흡신경활동 및 분당호흡신경활동이 모두 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 60Hz.의 운동에 대하여는 전체적인 호흡활동에 뚜렸한 변화가 없었다. 과격한 운동중에 형성되는 젖산의 혈중농도와 같은 농도의 젖산을 슬관절내에 주입한 결과 주입후 30초 동안에 호흡수 이외의 일회호흡신경활동과 분당 호흡신경 활동이 유의한 증가를 보였다. 또한 potassium chloride에 대하여는 젖산의 경우와 유사한 반응을 보였으나 반응기간이 짧았다. 구심성 신경중 I, II군만을 선택적으로 흥분시킬 수 있는 강도인 1V로 슬관적 신경을 자극한 경우 자극기간에 한하여 호흡수를 제외한 일회호흡신경활동 및 분당호흡신경활동이 유의한 증가를 보였다. 또한 구심성 신경을 모두 흥분시키는 강도인 20V 자극에 대하여는 호흡계의 전체적인 항진효과가 있었으며 1V 자극에 비하여 매우 큰 반응을 나타내었다. 흡식중추의 신경세포에서 기록한 결과 횡격신경에서 나타난 반응과 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 결론 : 슬관절 구심성 신경중 제 I, II 군 신경의 흥분에 의하여 호흡중추는 직접적으로 활성화될 수 있으며 이러한 효과는 운동중의 슬관절로부터 중추로 유입되는 정보의 양에 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 이러한 사실은 슬관절의 정상적인 움직임에 의해서도 생체의 호흡기능이 항진될 수 있다는 것을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2019

Background: The wall squat exercise has been recommended for strengthening of the lower extremity muscles with maintaining lumbar lordosis. Although squat has been studied to be related to lower extremity extensor strength, the relationship between wall squat and lower extremity extensor strength unclear. Because squat and wall squat are biomechanically different, study on the relationship is needed. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine the lower extremity extensor strength associated with wall squat performance. Methods: 74 healthy volunteers were recruited to participate in this study. The volunteers were measured hip and knee extensors strength and then performed wall squat exercise for maximum count. Results: We found significant relationships between wall squat performance and hip extensor strength normalized by body weight, knee extensor strength normalized by body weight and the composite value. In a regression analysis, hip extensor strength normalized by body weight explained 29% of the variation in wall squat performance in males and 35% in females. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that hip extensor strength normalized by body weight is critical to wall squat performance in both sexes.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2022

Purpose: This study compared and analyzed the contractility of the abductor hallucis (AbdH), an intrinsic foot muscle, between flat feet and normal feet during a movement control test (single-leg small knee band test) using ultrasonography. Methods: A total of 23 subjects with (n = 11) and without (n = 12) flatfoot were included in the study. Each subject performed the short foot exercises (SFE) with a single-leg small knee bend (SLSKB) test, which is a functional movement. An ultrasound device was used to collect data regarding the changes in the contractility of the AbdH. Results: Intergroup comparison showed that dorsoplantar thickness was significantly reduced at baseline and during the SFE with SLSKB in the flatfoot group (p < 0.05). Intragroup comparison showed that the cross-sectional area significantly improved when the SFE was performed with SLSKB in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that the AbdH had inadequate contractility during the SLSKB test in subjects with flatfoot; therefore, it is important to train the contraction of the AbdH via functional movements during clinical interventions for subjects with flatfoot.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of balance training on a three-dimensional balance trainer that provides the up-and-down vertical movement of the knee joint and left-and-right horizontal movement, along with visual feedback on the functional ability of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CPs). METHODS: 8 CPs participated in this study. The experiment was implemented for 40 minutes, three times a week for a total of six weeks. The subjects received general physiotherapy for 15 minutes in each session focused on balance and walking, as based on the neuro-developmental treatment theory. Balance training was performed for 20 minutes on a three-dimensional balance trainer where knee joint movement providing visual feedback is applied. The evaluations were conducted before and after the test, and posture sway was measured using 10 Meter Walking Test (10MWT), Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), and the Good Balance System to evaluate the functional ability and balance of the subjects RESULTS: 10MWT was not statistically significant (p>.05). On the contrary, TUG and postural sway indicate static balance showed a statistically significant decrease (p<.05). In a static balance test using the Good Balance System, the average moving speed statistically significantly decreased in the AP and ML directions (p<.05), and the mean velocity moment also significantly decreased (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that balance training using the three-dimensional balance trainer, with the features of visual feedback and up-and-down knee joint movement effects on increasing dynamic and static balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2019

Purpose: Although previous studies on the screw-home movement (SHM) for autopsy specimen and walking of living persons conducted, the possibility of acquiring SHM based on inertial measurement units received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of measuring SHM for the non-weighted bearing using a micro-electro-mechanical system-based wearable motion capture system (MEMSS). Methods: MEMSS and camera-based motion analysis systems were used to obtain kinematic data of the knee joint. The knee joint moved from the flexion position to a fully extended position and then back to the start point. The coefficient of multiple correlation and the difference in the range of motion were used to assess the waveform similarity in the movement measured by two measurement systems. Results: The waveform similarity in the sagittal plane was excellent and the in the transverse plane was good. Significant differences were found in the sagittal plane between the two systems (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the transverse plane between the two systems (p>0.05). Conclusion: The SHM during the passive motion without muscle contraction in the non-weighted bearing appeared in the entire range. We thought that the MEMSS could be easily applied to the acquisition of biomechanical data on the knee related to physical therapy.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of injuries and the types of movement related to damage by body parts, and to prepare for prevention of injuries and development of a training program. Method: For this study, the experiment was conducted according to levels of 60 percentages (ST) and 85 percentages (MA) and 10 subjects from the Korean elite national weightlifting team were included. Furthermore, we analyzed joint moment and muscle activation pattern with three-dimensional video analysis. Ground reaction force and EMG analyses were performed to measure the factors related to injuries and motion. Results: Knee reinjuries such as anterior cruciate ligament damage caused by deterioration of the control ability for the forward movement function of the tibia based on the movement of the biceps femoris when the rectus femoris is activated with the powerful last-pull movement. In particular, athletes with previous or current injuries should perceive a careful contiguity of the ratio of the biceps femoris to the rectus femoris. This shows that athletes can exert five times greater force than the injury threshold in contrast to the inversion moment of the ankle, which is actively performed for a powerful last pull motion and is positively considered in terms of intentional motion. It is activated by excessive adduction and internal rotation moment to avoid excessive abduction and external rotation of the knee at lockout motion. It is an injury risk to muscles and ligaments, causing large adduction moment and internal rotation moment at the knee. Adduction moment in the elbow joint increased to higher than the injury threshold at ST (60% level) in the lockout phase. Hence, all athletes are indicated to be at a high risk of injury of the elbow adductor muscle. Lockout motion is similar to the "high five" posture, and repetitive training in this motion increases the likelihood of injuries because of occurrence of strong internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder. Training volume of lockout motion has to be considered when developing a training program. Conclusion: The important factors related to injury at snatch include B/R rate, muscles to activate the adduction moment and internal rotation moment at the elbow joint in the lockout phase, and muscles to activate the internal rotation moment at the shoulder joint in the lockout phase.