• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was suggested to establish of student housing by using shipping container. The research method are a study of shipping container and characteristics of student housing by using shipping container, compared typically student housing with student housing by using shipping container. Also there are planning though a case study of various planes and survey based on the student housing city in Amsterdam, Netherland, is called Keetwonen. It is a planning for housing unit to actual build at the part of land to devise master plan The 40FT(High Cube) Shipping Container housing unit are double occupancy room with toilet and balcony. The common areas are the kitchen, laundry facilities, conference room and lounge are available on the first floor with a lightweight steel frame construction method applied for obtain substantive utilization of the space. Considering into the type and scale of site shall be planning in the form of side corridor and central corridor, which is preferable to separate the interior space into two areas by a central corridor to secure personal privacy. Also, planning such as a separate exterior panel, color and landscape design to improve the external image of the container and block the solar radiation heat influx with a pitched roof. Allow 24 college students shall live at the site of Seongnae-dong, Gangdong-gu in Seoul, Korea (site area $330.9m^2$), including common facilities and a lounge with a building that has three stories above ground were established to build plans to target the actual land.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.49-66
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• 1990

This study is a case study to grasp residents` trade-off preference and opinions for selected interior environmental attributes of muilti-family housing. Interiew with structured questionnaire was carried out through pilot and main survey. On the basis of the result of pilot survey, interior environmental attributes for the main survey were selected. Selected attributes were the size of each residential room, the degree of openness between two rooms and interior facilities. Among them, trade-off approach was applied to the size of each residential room and interior facilities. For the main survey. 45 housewives living in 31 pyung apartment of a selected construction company to grasp the residents` trade-off preference and opinions on the selected attributes. In terms of the size of each room, subjects wanted the room to be lager, whereas master bedroom smaller, and family bathroom larger, wheareas toilet near master bedroom smaller. In terms of the degree of openness between two rooms, the present degree of openness between private and service area such as living room and balcony, and second bedroom and adjacent balcony need to be more open, whereas the present degree of openness between living room and dining room and between living room and kitchen need to be more closed. The comparative orders of important intems were the ventilation facility in the bathroom, drying poles for clothes in the balcony, interior landscape, and workable for hand washing clothes. In conclusion, measurement of preference using trade-off approach about selected interior environmental attributes in post-occupancy evaluation was regarded as a promising evaluation method to grasp the practical and comparative preference under constraints comparing to the typical existing methods.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop the housing welfare indicators for evaluating housing welfare policies conducted by the Korean government. The contents of this research were as follows: as a phrase of setting up the development of housing welfare indicators, the scope of housing welfare and the direction of developing housing welfare indicators were settled. Second, as a phrase of drawing the housing welfare indicators, the indicators were categorized and selected. Third, as a phrase of applying the housing welfare indicators, the indicators in this research were quantified, and suggest the housing welfare from 2000 to 2005. As a result of this research, selected housing welfare indicators were settled as follows: the housing welfare indicators comprise 9 in the department of 'House', 4 in the department of 'Community', and 6 in the department of 'Policy Environment' (19 in total). Indicators were (1) Ratio of housing with Flush Toilets (2) Ratio of housing with Kitchen Sink (3) Ratio of housing with Bath facilities (4) Ratio of housing provided water supply (5) Ratio of housing supplied a sewage system (6) Floor Space per person (7) Number of persons per Room (8) PIR (9) RIR (10) Community Facilities Space per person (11) Urban Park Space per person (12) Journey to work (13) Crime Ratio (14) Number of Houses per 1,000 persons (15) Ratio of Substandard housing of the Minimum Housing Standard (16) Ratio of Irregular Dwelling Households (17) Ratio of Owner Occupant (18) Ratio of compulsory immigration (19) Ratio of Long-term Public Social Houses. The housing welfare indicators developed in this research will be used for the comprehensive assessment of the results of housing welfare policies and the establishment of housing policies as a basic material in the future.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.423-430
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to (a) measuring attitude and satisfaction of Yonsei university students towards contracted vs. rented university foodservices, (b) determine university students' overall satisfaction & perception regarding the factors improved towards university foodservice and (c) provide recommendation on marketing strategies for university foodservices. Questionnaires were hand delivered to 600 Yonsei University students by designated coordinators. A total of 549 questionnaires were usable; resulting in an 93% response rate. The survey was conducted between October 12 to October 18, 1995. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS Programs for descriptive analysis, T-test, ${\chi}^2-test$, ANOVA, Factor Analysis and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Performance mean score for contracted foodservice management in terms of food, menu, price, hygiene, facilities was higher than for rented foodservice management. 2. The average satisfaction score for contracted foodservice management in terms of price was lower than for rented foodservice management. There was no gap between contracted foodservice management and rented foodservice management in overall satisfaction score and price satisfaction score. 3. Perception regarding the factors improved of thirteen factors to be improved except operating hours, waiting time, price, food quantity were perceived as better by students. 4. Perception regarding the factors improved have correlation with foodservice qualify attribute's performance. 5. According to multiple regression analysis, 92.05% of the variance in respondents' satisfaction score could be explained by procedure after meal, purchasing procedure, operating hours, availability of breakfast, waiting time, atmosphere, price, facilities, service endeavor to survey satisfaction in foodservice, availability of kitchen and wall space, portion size, taste of food, change of cafeteria name, the number of seats, and variety of menu.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2008

Hyeunryungwon is a tomb for Crown Prince Sado, who was the father of King Jeongjo, the twenty second king of Joseon dynasty. The tomb had been originally in the Eastern part of Seoul, but was relocated in 1789 to the downtown Suwon, which was renowned as a good tomb site among the Royal family at that time. King Jeongjo looked through the records from the previous generations for the ideal location and direction for the tomb. He personally studied Feng Shui theory and designated its location and direction. He ordered for lavish decorations for the stone adornments of the surroundings of the grave mound, which was against the regulations of the royal family. He found his reasons in the precedent that allowed sumptuous decoration. However, for the arrangements of Jeongjagahk(T shaped building) and other attached facilities, he made unusual choice that other precedent royal tombs did not have. Instead of following the conventions that Jeongjagak should be facing south of a grave mound, he put it on the right side of grave mound. Also conventionally, Subokbang(a place where guards can stay) and Suragan(a kitchen that prepares food for sacrificial rites) should be facing symmetrically, but they too, were on the same side with Jeongjagak. It was a measurement that the grave mound of Hyeunryungwon can have a full view without being obstructed by other facilities and it was also personally ordered by King Jeongjo. The distinguishing features of Hyeunryuwon was motivated by King Jeongjo's filial affection, and his academic pursuit of precedent royal tombs initiated the unconventional and innovative challenges.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2018

As a result of reviewing various documents and existing researches, since the late Goryeo period, the most active period in the Ondol(溫突, Korean floor heating system) facilities is the 17th century. The phenomenological reason was recovering the buildings destroyed by the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592(壬辰倭亂) & the Manchu War of 1636(丙子胡亂), but the underlying cause was an abnormal climate in which a pair of summer and winter cold continued. In the 17th century, as the Ondol facilities grew rapidly without distinction between regions and classes, the supply and demand of fuel caused economic and natural environmental problems. And a negative and positive view on Ondol was suggested. Since the middle of the 18th century, when the demand and supply of Ondol reached its peak, which could no longer increase, a new awareness of Ondol began to grow. The room was called the Panbang(板房) and the Ondol, depending on the material that made up the floor. It was considered natural to have the Ondol from this time on. The Incan(因間) and Jo(竈) that were made to burn were started to be recorded as a kitchen, regardless of size and function. Changes in social awareness of Ondol have led to concerns about heating efficiency. A variety of architectural explorations were conducted. Such a search was later realized in concrete architectural form. There is a double Ondoll structure, and the column spacing is reduced compared to the previous one. The heat buffer space is formed around the Ondol room, and the double window can control the light and the air going in and out.

• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2021

The results of the inspection based on the sanitation checklist and the measurement of refrigerator/freezer temperature, illuminance, and ATP were conducted at 12 school foodservices in Daiyue-district, Taian-city, Shandong Province, China, at the same time, and the results were as follows. Five items of 'Use sterilized cutting boards', 'Use sterilized knives', 'Use worktable after sterilization', 'Use sink after sterilization', 'Sterilize the interior/exterior of the refrigerator regularly' in the checklist inspection were found not to be performed (0%). Two items of 'Disinfect hands after washing', 'Equipped with hand sterilizer' and 'Sterilize the kitchen areas regularly' were investigated as being performed only in one foodservice (8%). The average illuminance of the receiving stand were 373.08±106.35 Lux, 8% when the standard (540 Lux or higher) was complied with, the average refrigerator temperature were 7.06±0.82℃, 38.9% when the standard (-2 to 5℃) was observed 8% of cases complying with the standard (below -18℃) at -8.56±0.76℃ were investigated. As a result of ATP measurement, the surfaces of knife edge, cutting board, refrigerator door handle, worktable, and sink, which are not sterilized at all, were not suitable (accept ratio 0%), sterilized food plate (accept ratio 54.2%) and utensil for preserved food (accept ratio 75%) had a relatively high accept ratio. China's hygiene regulations should be revised in the direction of strengthening disinfection practices for facilities, equipment, and the environment, and hygiene measures such as education on disinfection and preparation of economical disinfection methods should be established.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2021

Introduced in 2004 as an 'After-School Academy' policy, the 'After-School Care Class' has become a universal program for elementary schools over time. While the concept of public education service has expanded and changed in various ways including educational welfare, the physical environment of the care classroom has undergone fixed changes within the uniform classroom structure of a standardized school space. The purpose of this study is to identify spatial characteristics of care classroom through chasing and analysing changes in the care class space configuration from 2004 to the present. The findings are as follows. The plan of the early care classroom wasn't much different from the existing common classroom, and it was only in 2007 that the kitchen and floor heating appeared for the first time.From the 2015 standard plan, prominent differentiation of the space between learning activities and resting area was shown, but the spatial characteristics are nothing more than a division that utilizes ready-made furniture. A distinctive feature of the 2018 Seoul care classes are diversity. In the case of the care exclusive classrooms, the division between the support space and the main activity space became more clear using furniture integrated open walls and various floor levels. In the case of a shift classrooms that is used together with common classrooms, it is characterized by flexibility that allows dramatically different classroom configurations for each time period by using a convertible furnishing space.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권9호
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• pp.1374-1387
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 2013년 7월 9일부터 7월 31일까지 우편 또는 전자우편, 방문을 통해 55개소의 청소년수련원에 종사하는 원장(소장), 운영담당자, 청소년지도사, 조리사 및 영양사 중 한 명을 대상(명)으로 급식운영실태 조사를 실시하였으며 학교 수련교육을 목적으로 입소하여 3끼 이상 급식을 이용한 중 고등학생 249명을 대상으로 2013년 7월 12일부터 7월 23일까지 청소년수련시설을 직접 방문하여 급식만족도 조사를 실시하였다. 청소년수련시설의 급식운영현황을 조사하고 급식에 대한 학생들의 의견 및 만족도를 파악하여 향후 청소년수련시설 급식의 질 향상과 바람직하고 안정적인 급식운영에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 청소년수련시설의 운영현황에 대한 결과는 41.8%의 수련시설이 10년 이상 운영되었고 45.5%의 시설이 평균 100~200명의 학생을 대상으로 급식을 제공하였다. 급식판매비용은 평균 4,450원으로 나타났고 식재료의 비용은 평균 2,083원으로 조사되어 판매비용의 약 46.8%를 차지하는 것으로 조사되었다. 식품위생법의 보존식 관리규정을 지키지 않고 보존식을 관리하는 시설이 21.8%로 나타났고, 12.7%의 시설 이 영양사를 고용하지 않았다. 급식소의 위생관련 기기 및 설비보유 현황에서 27.3%의 시설만이 다기능 오븐을 보유하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 급식 이용 학생을 대상으로 한 결과에 따르면 식재료별 조리법 중 쌀밥(34.1%), 육류는 찜(29.3%), 가금류는 튀김(25.3%), 어패류는 튀김(41.0%), 난류는 부침(36.9%), 서류는 튀김(31.3%), 채소류는 샐러드 (32.1%), 김치류는 배추김치(46.6%), 면류는 양식(38.6%), 후식류는 아이스크림(27.7%)을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 잔반의 원인에 대해서는 '음식이 맛이 없어서'가 38.7%로 가장 높게 조사되었다. 청소년수련시설 급식에 대한 전반적인 만족도 조사 결과 전체 평균 3.45점으로 보통 수준으로 만족하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 위생, 음식 및 메뉴, 서비스 및 시설요인의 속성에서 중요도에 비해 수행도가 낮게 평가되었으며 '식당위생', '음식 맛', '다양한 후식의 제공', '식사공간온도'가 전반적 급식만족도에 유의적인 영향을 끼치는 것으로 조사되었다. 청소년수련시설을 이용하는 학생들에게 음식의 맛이 만족도를 결정하고 잔반의 양을 낮추기 위해 중요한 요인으로 응답되었으므로 고객의 선호를 고려한 새로운 조리법을 개발하고 메뉴를 구성하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 학교급식과 같이 청소년수련시설 급식에 적합한 급식 매뉴얼 수립하고 이를 뒷받침할 수 있는 규정을 확립하여 학생들의 급식에 대한 만족도를 높이고 안전한 급식환경을 조성해야 한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.1475-1485
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• 2012

본 연구는 경남지역의 초 중 고등학교 영양(교)사를 대상으로 HACCP 시스템 적용 시 HACCP 영역별 장애 요인과 CCP 단계별 장애 요인에 대한 인지도를 분석하고자 수행되었다. 2009년 11월부터 12월까지 경상남도교육청 소속 초 중 고등학교 영양(교)사 350명을 대상으로 설문지를 배부하고 214부를 회수하여 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, HACCP 영역별 장애 요인의 분석 결과 '시설 설비 현황(3.38)'> '모니터링(3.35)'> '업무만족도(3.11)'> '조리종사자(3.00)'> 'HACCP팀 협력(2.95)'> '급식종사자 외 관계인 협조(2.80)'> 'HACCP 시스템 이해(2.39)'의 순으로 인지도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. '시설 설비현황' 영역에서는 '학교설립형태(p<0.05)', '급식형태(p<0.05)', '조리장 신개축 여부(p<0.01)', '조리장 작업구역 구분 여부(p<0.01)', '전처리실 유무(p<0.01)', '식기세척실 유무(p<0.01)'에 따라 유의한 차이를 보여 시설이 잘 갖추어진 학교에서는 시설 설비 현황 영역에 대한 장애요인 인지도가 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 둘째, HACCP 단계별 장애 요인에 대한 인지도 분석 결과 'CCP 1(식단의 구성)'> 'CCP 3(검수)'> 'CCP 2(잠재적으로 위험한 식단의 공정 관리)', 'CCP 6(식품취급 및 조리과정)'> 'CCP 4(냉장 냉동의 온도 관리'> 'CCP 8(식품 접촉 표면 세척 및 소독)'> 'CCP 7(운반 및 배식 과정)'> 'CCP 5(채소 과일의 세척 및 소독)'의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면, 경남지역 영양(교)사들은 학교급식 HACCP 시스템 적용 시 HACCP 영역별에서는 '시설 설비 현황' 영역을, 단계별에서는 'CCP 1(식단의 구성)' 단계를 가장 큰 장애 요인으로 인식함을 알 수 있었다. 경남지역 영양(교)사들은 HACCP 시스템에 대한 이해도는 높으나 실질적으로 식단 작성에 있어서는 높은 수준의 장애 요인을 인지하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 근거로 하여 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 첫째, HACCP 시스템 적용에 따른 가장 큰 장애요인인 '시설 설비 현황' 다음으로 많은 장애를 느끼는 것은 '영양(교)사의 업무 과중으로 인한 많은 시간의 소모', '실질적인 모니터링의 부족', 'CCP의 관리 및 기록을 위한 시간과 노력의 투입'이 조사되었으므로 영양(교)사의 업무 분석 및 적정 인력 배치에 대한 대책을 수립하여야 할 것이다. 둘째, 향후 영양(교)사를 위한 위생적이고 안전한 식단 구성을 위한 구체적인 가이드라인 및 교육 훈련 프로그램이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 학교급식에서 HACCP 시스템의 성공적인 적용을 위해서 무엇보다 관련 당사자들 즉 급식 현장에 있는 영양(교)사, 조리종사자 뿐만 아니라 학교장, 예산관련 부서, 교사, 학생, 학부모, 지역 사회의 적극적인 협조가 우선적으로 필요하다. 관련 당사자들의 적극적인 협조를 이끌어 내기 위해 교육청 및 지방자치단체 차원에서의 적극적인 교육 및 홍보를 실시하여 많은 지원과 관심을 이끌어 내야 할 것이며, 위생의 중요성에 대한 인식 수준을 높여야 할 것이다.