• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1114-1119
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• 1998

지방질층(${\omega}3$계 고도불포화 지방산을 함유한 정제어유)과 수분층(고분자 물질의 분산 호화액)이 3:2(w:w)의 비율로 혼합되고 유화제가 0.50%(w/w)의 농도로 첨가된 O/W형 유화계내에서 첨가된 유화제와 고분자물질의 종류 및 조성이 유화안정성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. HLB값이 11.0 이상 또는 2.8 이하인 단일종류의 유화제가 첨가된 실험구가 99.0 이상의 높은 ESI값을 갖는 안정한 유화계를 형성하였으며, HLB값이 $3.4{\sim}8.6$ 범위의 단일 종류 유화제를 첨가한 경우는 40.0 이하의 낮은 ESI값을 갖는 불안정한 유화계를 형성하였고, 특히 HLB값이 0.6인 유화제 PGPR(polyglycerol polyricinoleate)을 첨가한 경우는 100.0의 높은 ESI값을 나타낼 뿐만 아니라 안정한 유화계를 형성하는 양상을 나타내었다. 또한, PGPR과 PSML(polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate)을 함께 0.50%(w/w)의 농도로 첨가하면 단일 종류의 유화제를 첨가한 경우에 비하여 ESI값이 모두 높은 유화계를 형성하였으며, 유화제의 최적 조성은 PGPR이 0.25%(w/w), PSML이 0.25%(w/w)이었다. 피복물질로서는 waxy corn starch와 agar를 각각 0.25%(w/v) 및 0.50%(w/v)의 농도로 고르게 분산 액화시킨 수분층을 사용한 유화계에서 최대의 ESI값을 갖는 것으로 판명되었다.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2018

Emulsifiers are widely accepted ingredients in food & beverage applications owing to their functional properties. The multi-functionality of emulsifiers increases its adoption in end-use applications. Also, the growing demand of natural sources of ingredients and increase in demand for convenience foods and premium products have expanded the application areas of food emulsifiers in the food & beverage industries. Emulsifiers are increasingly used by food processors to make their food products more cost-efficient and robust, enabling them to endure the rigors of harsh processing.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.271-280
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• 1991

Emulsion graft copolymerization of MMA onto cotton fiber using Ce(IV) salt as an initiator was carried out. Graft yield and graft efficiency were observed according to the kinds and concentrations of emulsifier and polymerization conditions. The physical properties of MMA grafted cotton fabric were investigated. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The heighest graft yield of emulsion graft polymerization occurred at the concentration below cmc of emulsifier, which was different from emulsion polymerization. Nonionic sur- factant as an emulsifier was more effective than anionic one. 2. The highest graft yield was obtained at the initiator concentration $1{\times}10^{-2}mol/l$. The viscometric molecular weight of PMMA was in the order of 106. 3. As reaction time increased, the graft yield increased but the graft efficiency decreased. 4. Elevation of reaction temperature resulted in increase of graft yield. The apparent activation energy of MMA graft polymerization was 4.72 Kcal/mol. 5. Physical properties of MMA grafted cotton fabric varied with increase of grafting. Thickness and stiffness showed a noticeable increase, whereas tensile strength and elongation was slightly increased. Crease recovery increased as the graft yield increase up to $50\%$ and decreased thereafter.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 1998

As a method to develop an enhanced heat transfer fluid, the fine particles of a phase-change material were mixed with a conventional heat transfer fluid. Paraffin, which can be obtained easily in domestic market, was used for the phase-change material and water was used as a carrier fluid. Fine liquid particles of paraffin were formed in water as an emulsion by using an emulsifier, and they were cooled rapidly to become solid particle, resulting in paraffin slurry. The average diameter of produced solid particles was inversely proportional to the amount of the added emulsifier, which was theoretically proved. The produced paraffin slurry was tested thermally in heat transfer test section having a constant-heat-flux boundary condition. The test section was made of a circular stainless-steel pipe, which was directly heated by the power supply having a maximum of 50 Volts-500 Amperes. DSC(Differential scanning calorimeter) tests showed that two kinds of phase change were involved in the melting of paraffin, and it was explained in two different ways. A five- region-melting model was developed by extending the conventional three-region-melting model, and was used to obtain the local bulk mean temperatures of paraffin slurry in the heating test section. The local heat transfer coefficient showed a maximum where the bulk mean temperature of the paraffin slurry reached at the melting temperature of paraffin.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1993년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.7-14
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• 1993

Nowadays, microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas and many studies are being performed. For biomedical applications, many kinds of microspheres were synthesized by emulsion polymerization, emulsifier-free emu]sion polymerization, and emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization with ionic surface-active comonomers. Further synthesis techniques about microencapsulation and magnetic microspheres are introduced. Among the practical applications of microspheres, some interesting subjects are introduced. These include solid-phase immunoassays, labeling and identification of lymphocyte populations, extracorporeal and hemoperfusion systems, drug delivery systems, and immunomagnetic cell separation. In addition, basic theories, problems and research trends are also introduced.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.92-98
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• 1996

쌀가루(200 mesh)로 만든 슈의 품질을 향상시키기 위하여 가장 효과적인 첨가물의 종류와 첨가비율을 구명하고져 본 실험을 수행하였다. 첨가물로는 lecithin, span 20, span 40, span 80 등의 유화제와, gelatin, arabic pm, methylcellulose, CMC 등의 점증제를 사용하였다. 1. 쌀가루만으로도 슈형성은 가능하였다. 2. 그러나, 유화제를 첨가하면 쌀가루만의 무첨가구 보다 관능평가에서는 유의차가 없었지만 팽화력이 우수하였다. 3. 점증제로는 큰 효과가 없었으며, 오히려 다량첨가시에는 반죽의 경도가 커져서 슈내부에 공동이 형성되지 않았다. 4. 두가지의 유화제나 점증제와의 복합사용은 유화제 단독 사용시보다 효과가 없었다. 5. Lecithin을 0.6%로 첨가할 경우, 슈의 품질이 가장 우수하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2015

The purpose of this research was to synthesize fluorine modified waterborne polyurethane dispersion (F-WPU) by soap-free (internal emulsifier) emulsion polymerization techniques, to prepare coating solution based on fluorine modified waterborne polyurethane dispersion (F-WPU) and to compare the chemical and thermo-mechanical properties on the electrogalvanized steel sheet. Environmentally friendly F-WPU was prepared with a fluorinated polyol containing 60 wt% of fluorine. There are various ways of combining a wide variety of fluorinated polyols and diisocyanate to exhibit novel properties of waterborne polyurethane dispersion. Components of coating solution were largely divided into 4 kinds i.e., F-WPU, acrylic emulsion, silane coupling agent, and colloidal silicate. F-WPU coating solution on the electro-galvanized steel sheet showed excellent properties of corrosion resistance, alkali resistance and heat resistance, as compared to other coating solutions using a general waterborne resin. The F-WPU coating solution's reliable effects are possibly due to the fluorine atoms incorporated even in a small amount of F-WPU.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1722-1728
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• 2002

Most researches regarding emulsified fuel were in the areas of emulsifier, emulsified fuel manufacturing and emulsified fuel droplet combustion, but there were little papers published regarding emulsified fuel combustion and boiler efficiency in an industrial boiler. The main purpose of this study is to clarify whether improvements in the boiler efficiency and the reduction of pollutants such as CO, NOx, SOx and smoke exist or not when emulsified fuels are combusted in the commercial boiler. Main experimental parameters were water content in heavy oil , excess $O_2$, and boiler load. The fuels used in this experiment were 0.5 B-C, and 5 kinds of 0.5 B-C/water emulsified fuels. The combustion characteristics of heavy oil and its emulsions with water were investigated in an industrial boiler. The combustion stability was monitored and exhaust gases such as CO, NOx, SOx and smoke were measured with excess $O_2$ and combustion load. In case of emulsified fuel combustion, flame stability was poor and boiler efficiency was lowered by 1.6~5.7%, but emission levels of CO and smoke were improved.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.654-659
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• 2002

다시마 알긴산으로 에스테르 화합물을 캡슐화할 때 에스테르화합물의 잔존량에 영향을 미치는 가공조건을 알아보기 위하여, 에스테르 화합물의 종류, 유화제 첨가비율 및 에스테르 화합물 (내부물질)에 대한 alginates (벽막물질)의 비율을 달리하여 캡슐을 제조하고 제조중에 사용하는 gelling solution ($1 M\;CaCl_2$)과 캡슐의 세척수에 이동되는 에스테르 화합물의 량과 캡슐에 잔존하는 에스테르 화합물의 량을 측정하였다. 에스테르 화합물의 분자량이 커질수록 캡슐에 잔존하는 량이 증가하였고 gelling solu-tion과 세척수에 이동되는 량이 감소하였다. Ethyl caprylate량에 대한 유화제의 첨가 비율이 증가하석도 gelling solution와 세척수에 이동되는 ethyl caprylate의 량은 1.7$\~$$1.8\%$와 2.3$\~$$6.5\%$이었고 캡슬에 잔존하는 량은 $90.4\~96.0\%$로 거의 변화가 없었다. 그러나 캡슐을 25$^{\circ}C$에 저장할 때 ethyl caprlate의 반감기는 유화제의 첨가비율이 증가할수록 급격히 증가하였다. Ethyl capr빈ate에 대한 alginates 비율이 증가하여도 gelling solution과 세척수에 이동되는 ethyl caprylate 량은 각각 $1.8\~2.0\%$ 및 $2.9\~3.5\%$이었고 캡슐에 잔존하는 량은 $94.3-95.0\%$로 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 캡슐을 25$^{\circ}C$에 저장할 때에 벽막물질의 비율이 증가함에 따라 내부물질의 반감기는 증가하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.646-653
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• 2000

${\omega}3$계 고도불포화 지방산의 한 종류인 DHA(docosahexaenoic acid, $C_{22:6},\;{\omega}3$)를 함유하는 정제어유를 중심물질로 하고 agar와 waxy corn starch를 피복물질로하여 미세캡슐화 공정을 수행할 때 반응표면분석법(response surface methodology, RSM)을 이용하여 최적 조건을 확립하고자 하였다. 이때 정제어유 미세캡슐화의 수율을 정량화하기 위하여 5% cupric acetatepyridine 용액에 발색정도가 뛰어난 oleic acid를 정제 어유내에 20%(w/w) 농도로 첨가하여 중심물질로 사용하였다. 반응표면분석결과 최적화된 미세캡슐화 조건은 [중심물질, Cm]:[피복물질, Wm]의 비율 =4.9 : 5.1(w/w), 유화제(sorbitan monolaurate, H.L.B. 16.7)의 농도 = 0.48%(w/w), 분산매의 온도 = $19.4^{\circ}C$이었고, 실제 이 조건에서 99.9%의 수율을 보였다. 또한 최적 조건하에서 제조된 미세캡슐물질 저장을 위한 최적 온도 및 pH는 각각 $25{\circ}C$와 pH 7.0인 것으로 나타났으며, $25^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0의 분산매내에서 7일간 저장한 후에도 99%이상의 미세캡슐이 안정한 상태로 존재함을 확인하였다.