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잣 종자(種子)의 아미노산(酸), 지방산(脂肪酸), 비타민 분석(分析) (Analysis of Amino Acid, Fatty Acid, and Vitamin in Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) Seeds)

  • 한상섭;황병호
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제79권4호
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    • pp.345-351
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    • 1990
  • 잣종자의 영양분(營養分) 함량(含量)을 알기위하여 일반분석(一般分析), 아미노산(酸) 분석(分析), 지방산(脂肪酸) 분석(分析), 비타민 분석(分析)을 행하였다. 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約) 하면 다음과 같다. 1. 일반분석(一般分析)에서 잣종자에 함유(含有)된 수분(水分)은 4.4%, 조단백질(粗蛋白質)은 18.3%, 조지방(粗脂肪)은 67.3%, 조섬유(粗纖維)는 4.7%, 회분(灰分)은 2.2%, 가용성(可溶性) 무질소물(無窒素物)은 3.1% 였다. 2. 아미노산(酸)은 모두 18종(種), 즉 lysine, histidine, arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, cysteic acid, tryptophan 등이 분석(分析)되였으며 이중 가장 많이 함유(含有)된 성분(成分)은 glutamic acid 였다. 3. 필수(必須) 아미노산(酸) 10종(種) 즉, arginine, histidine, lysine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan 등이 모두 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 4. 지방산(脂肪酸)은 모두 13종(種) 즉, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, 9 icosenoic acid, 9, 11-icosenoic acid, 8, 11, 14-icosatrienoic acid, 그리고 알 수 없는 2종(種)의 8읍 지방산(脂肪酸)등이 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 필수지방산(必須脂肪酸)인 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid 모두 함유(含有)되어 있었으며, 가장 많이 함유(含有)된 지방산(脂肪酸)은 linoleic acid 였다. 5. 비타민 A, $B_1$, $B_2$, E, niacin 등 5종(種)의 비타민이 함유(含有)되어 있었으며, 이중 가장 많은 것은 비타민 E 였다.

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불소를 함유한 pH가 낮은 액상차의 치아 부식 위험도 평가 (Dental erosive effects of fluoride-containing tea beverages with low pH)

  • 선수윤;윤인경;김지은;정성숙;최충호
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.118-123
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    • 2018
  • Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of fluoride-containing acidic tea beverages on bovine teeth surfaces. Methods: The pH values and fluoride concentrations of 11 kinds of mineral water and 23 kinds of tea were measured. The fluoride-containing Seopyenje black tea beverages with pH 3.48 were chosen for the experimental group. Distilled water that did not contain fluoride and had the same pH value as that of the Seopyenje black teas served as the positive control. The Jeju Samdasoo mineral waters with neural pH (pH 7.52) and no fluoride were chosen as the negative control. Bovine teeth in each group were submerged for 10 minutes. Thereafter, surface microhardness of each bovine teeth was measured and the results were analyzed. Results: The pH value range was 6.94-8.09 ($mean=7.37{\pm}0.08$) for the 11 kinds of mineral water and 3.48-6.74 ($5.62{\pm}0.05$) for the 23 tea beverages. Titratable acidity of the Seopyenje black tea beverages was higher than that of the distilled water mixed with citric acid, and the pH was 5.5 and 7.0, respectively. The fluoride content of the 11 kinds of mineral water was 0-1.09 ppm ($mean=0.44{\pm}0.02ppm$) that of the 23 tea beverages was and 0-0.74 ppm ($0.64{\pm}0.06ppm$). In terms of enamel microhardness reduction of the bovine teeth, the tea beverages had the largest effects. There was no significant difference in microhardness reduction between the tea beverages and distilled water mixed with citric acid (P>0.05). Conversely, a significant difference was found between the kinds of mineral water and tea beverages, and also between mineral water and distilled water mixed with citric acid (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acidic tea beverages appeared to erode the surfaces of bovine teeth. The amount of fluoride in the tea beverages was not enough to inhibit erosion. Therefore, frequent intakes of acidic tea beverage are likely to increase erosion on the surfaces of bovine teeth, by affecting the enamel microhardness of teeth.

박실늪의 식생 구조와 환경 요인 (Vegetation structure and environmental factors in Paksil-nup Wetland, Hapcheon)

  • 김철수;이팔홍;손성곤;오경환
    • 한국습지학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2000
  • 자연늪의 육상화 과정에서 자연늪의 환경과 식물 군집의 특징을 구명하고자 경상남도 합천군 황강변에 위치한 박실늪에서 1990년 8월부터 1998년 9월까지 식물상, 식생 구조 및 저토 환경 요인을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 퇴적에 따른 수평적 저토 환경은 pH 4.36~4.34, 전기전도도 $19.0{\sim}1260.0\;{\mu}mho\;cm^{-1}$, 유기물량 0.01~6.35%, 총질소량 0.001~0.14%, 유효인량 0.01~0.31 mg/100g, 치환성 칼륨 1.01~13.98 ppm, 치환성 칼슘 16.75~143.80 ppm, 치환성 마그네슘 0.93~14.85 ppm, 치환성 나트륨 0.21~3.86 ppm 등이었고, 입경 조성은 모래 13.0~93.3%, 미사 5.4~71.7%, 점토 0.5~37.5% 등으로서 조사 지소에 따라 차이가 있었다. 조사 지역에서 채집된 수생 및 습생 관속식물은 72과 182속 223종 36변종 2품종 총 261종류였다. 이들은 Sculthorpe (1967)의 생활형으로 분류한 결과 수생식물은 45종류로 그 중 정수식물이 27종류 (60%), 침수식물 8종류 (18%), 부수식물 6종류 (13%) 및 부엽식물 4종류 (9%)의 순이었고, 습생식물은 216종류였다. 교목과 관목층의 중요치는 선버들, 왕버들, 키버들 등의 순이었고, 초본층에서는 마름, 고마리, 달뿌리풀, 부들, 나도미꾸리낚시, 줄 등의 순이었다. 식생의 군총 분석 결과 7종으로 구성된 조하대 군총과 19종으로 구성된 진연안대 군총으로 뚜렷하게 구분되었다. 군집 분류에 의해 7개 군집으로 분류되었으나, 대응분석에 의한 식분 서열 분석 결과와는 일치하지 않았으며, PCA 분석 결과 이들의 분포에 영향을 주는 환경 요인은 고도 경사, 즉 수심 및 조토의 입경이었다.

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현곡(玄谷) 보간탕(補肝湯)의 구성한약과 그 기미배오(氣味配伍) 분석 (Hyeongok's Bogan-tang was Combined according to the Theory for Properties and Tastes of Herbal Medicines)

  • 신순식
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.591-595
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    • 2007
  • There are eight kinds of formulas for invigorating the liver to cure its asthenic syndrome based on the types of preparation formulas Began-tang, Boganhwan, Bogansan, Bogandan, Boganeum, Boganjoo, Boganjeon and Bogango. Another formula called Bocheonghwan is to invigorate the green colour of liver. There are 22 kinds of Bogan-tang, 12 kinds of Boganhwan, 25 kinds of Bogansan, one kind of Bogandan, one kind of Boganeum, one kind of Boganjoo, one kind of Boganjeon, one kind of Bogango, and two kinds of Bocheonghwan. Combination of herbal medicines, carried out in formulas for invigorating the liver, consists of various kinds depending on medical scientists' personal experience in medical treatment without any general principles, which makes it difficult to apply it to clinical use. The objectives of this study lie in theoretical establishment of Bogan-tang for curing the asthenic syndrome of liver through analyzing the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Bogan-tang, and furthermore, maximizing the clinical use of Began-tang. This study analyzed the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Bogan-tang based on the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines from the ${\ulcorner}$yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine${\lrcorner}$ , the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine, and the five elements doctrine. Hyeongok's Began-tang is an odd prescription, composed of 7 kinds of ingredients No.1 Radix Angelicas Sinensis (2don;7.5g), No.2 Rhizoma Chuanxiong (1don;3.75g), No.3 Radii Polygoni Multiflori (1don), No.4 Fructus Lycii (1don), No.5 Cortex Cinnamomi (1don), No.6 Rhizoma Gastrodiae (1don), and No.7 Radix Glycyrrhizae (1don). There are three methods for curing the asthenic syndrome of liver according to the five elements doctrine invigorating the liver, invigorating the kidney and purging the lung. First, if you suffer from the asthenic syndrome of the liver, you need to invigorate your liver. There are two available methods, including taste and property invigoration according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each imply the pungent taste and the warm property invigorate the liver. In the case of taste invigoration, two herbal medicines with pungent taste, Radix Angelicas Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong, are combined into the principal and assistant herbal medicine, respectively. For property invigoration, two herDal medicines with the warm property, Cortex Cinnamomi and Rhizoma Gastrodiae, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Secondly, if you suffer from the asthenic syndrome of the liver, you need to invigorate your kidney which is mother in the mother-child relationship in inter-promotion among the five elements. There are two methods to invigorate the kidney, including taste and property invigoration according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each mean the bitter taste and the cold property invigorate the kidney. Therefore, it is important to use bitter herbal medicines for taste invigoration and cold ones for property invigoration. Both Differ and cold herbal medicines, Radix Polygoni Multiflori and Fructus Lycii, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Lastly, if you suffer from the asthenic syndrome of the liver, you need to purge your lung which is an element being surpassed in the relationship between the elements surpassed and ones not surpassed in inter-restraint among the five elements. There are two methods to purge the lung, which include taste and property invigoration according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. Taste invigoration means to purge the lung with pungent taste and property invigoration to purge the lung with warm property. Therefore, it is important to use pungent herbal medicines for taste invigoration and warm ones for property invigoration. Both pungent and warm herbal medicines, Radix Angelicas Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong, were combined to invigorate and purge the lung. In addition, Radix Glycyrrhizae are combined as dispatcher herbal medicine, harmonizing all the herbal medicines composing the formula. First, to cure the asthenic syndrome of the liver, the methods of invigorating the liver and the kidney, and purging the lung should be used according to the five elements doctrine. Secondly, herbal medicines appropriate for those treatment methods should be chosen according to the theory for properties and tastes of herDal medicine and thirdly, the combination of those herbal medicines should be carried out according to the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine. As a good example, Hyeongok's Bogan-tangon is combined according to the above theories. In conclusion, this formula was created by applying to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines.

Spinel Materials for High Power Batteries

  • Kim Jaekook
    • 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기화학회 2003년도 전지기술심포지움
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    • pp.103-120
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    • 2003
  • [ $\because$ ] Technology-driven new needs- Various kinds of requirment depend on environments. $\because$ Science-driven design and synthesis

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