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Investigation of Main Dishes on Literatures before the 17th Century (17세기 이전 주식류의 문헌적 고찰)

  • Kim, Eun-Mi;Cho, Shin-Ho;Chung, Rak-Won;Choi, Young-Jin;Won, Sun-Im;Cha, Gyung-Hee;Kim, Hyun-Sook;Lee, Hyo-Gee
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.22 no.3 s.93
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    • pp.314-336
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    • 2006
  • In this treatise, we investigated the Korean literature of main dishes before the 17th century : ${\ulcorner}Sangayorock{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Sasichanyocho{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Soowonjabbang{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Yongjechongwha{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Dongyoebogam{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Domoondaejak{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Geebongyouseul{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}New-Guwhangchalyo{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Eumshickdimibang{\lrcorner}$,, ${\ulcorner}joobangmoon{\lrcorner}$, and ${\ulcorner}Yorock{\lrcorner}$. Main dishes were classified 19 kinds of rice, 64 kinds of gruel, 6 kinds of thin gruel, 1 kind of Moori, 1 kind of rice-cake soup, 37 kinds of noodles and 20 kinds of dumpling. Rice varieties were brown rice, rice, hulled rice, millet rice, foxtail millet rice, barley rice, sesame rice and flax seed rice. Gruel ingredients were cereal, beans, vegetables, nuts or seeds, medical plants or hardy wild plants, poultry, pork's kidney, dog's liver or oyster, clam and/or milk Rice-cake soup was 'Tangbyun' in ${\ulcorner}Domoondaejak{\lrcorner}$. Noodles were divided by main flours: wheat flour, buckwheat flour, mung bean flour and other flours. Noodles were made by pressing or cutting method. Pressing method used a mold with a hole. The husk of dumpling was made by wheat flour, buckwheat flour, mixed flour of wheat and buckwheat, sliced fish or meat, and/or a gray mullet. Another special method was 'Sangwha' made by fermentation. Bun stuffing of dumpling used fishes, meat, vegetables, beans, flours and seasonings. Cooking methods of dumpling were boiling, baking, steaming and pan-frying. From this investigation of the Korean main dishes described in the Korean literature before the 17th century, we expect to develop useful recipes for those who are concerned about health and want longevity, and thereby to advance the Korean food culture.

The Analysis of Inquiry Scopes in High School General Science Textbook Based on the 6th Curriculum - Emphasizing the Analysis of Inquiry Experiment - (제 6차 교육과정에 따른 고등학교 공통과학 교과서의 탐구영역 분석 - 탐구 실험을 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Won-Hyuck;Kim, Eun-A
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.528-541
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    • 1999
  • In order to obtain data for developing an ideal science curriculum. four kinds of General Science textbooks based on the 6th curriculum were analyzed. Particularly inquiry activities were analyzed by Scientific Inquiry Evaluation Inventory(SIEI). The results are as follows: 1) The average number of inquiry activities in four kinds of textbooks is 115.5. And the number in each textbook is very diverse: textbook A contains 94 inquiry activities, textbook B 147. textbook C 100 and textbook D 121. 2) As for the number of inquiry activity scopes in four kinds of textbook. observation comes to 22, experiment 117, interpreting data 196, investigation 64, discussion 51, classification 4 and prediction 8. And then the conceptional inquiry activity is about 2.3 times as many as the inquiry experiment. 3) According to the analysis of each inquiry task by SIEI. textbook A has 268, textbook B 328, textbook C 207 and textbook D 304. 4) In the analysis of the structure of inquiry activity, the evaluation of the competition and cooperation scale shows more emphasis on common tasks. no pooled results(87.1 %). The discussion scale mostly consists of activities without discussion required among students(83.5%). The evaluation of openness scale shows more emphasis on activities with problems, procedures and answers presented(58.3%). In the evaluation of inquiry scope scale, the inquiry scope scale mostly has the activities to demonstrate or verify the contents of the text(66.9%). 5) As for the analysis of inquiry activities as a whole. The inquiry pyramid in four kinds of General Science textbooks shows the type I that emphasizes the inquiry activities in low level such as gathering and organizing data. The inquiry index in four kinds of textbooks is average 47.8, shows very high level (above 35).

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Comparative study of 202 herbs on interferon-gamma secretion (202종(種) 한약재(韓藥材)의 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 분비조절에 관한 비교연구)

  • Rhee, See-Hyung;Kang, Mi-Suk;Choi, You-Kyung;Jun, Chan-Yong;Park, Chong-Hyeong;Kim, Dong-Woo
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.336-344
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    • 2006
  • Objects : This study has been carried out to assess the effects of the variable herbs on $IFN-{\gamma}$ secretion in the mouse spleen cell. Methods : 202 kinds of herb extracts were used to evaluate the $IFN-{\gamma}$ secretory distinction by each $1{\mu}g/ml$ and $10{\mu}g/ml$ density of water. All experimental herbs were grouped by oriental herbalogical method. But each herb had its independent variables. Results : The secretions increased in 20% of all herbal water. The density differences also make different effects on the secretion of $IFN-{\gamma}$. The secretion of IFN-${\gamma}$ inclosed in some kinds of herbs of IFN-${\gamma}$. It has representatively increased in Imperaetae Rhizoma(白茅根) of $1{\mu}g/ml$ and Notopterygii Rhizoma(羌活)of $10{\mu}g/ml$. $IFN-{\gamma}$ incresed in 12 kinds of heybs of both densities. The secretion of $IFN-{\gamma}$ decreased in some kinds of herbs of $IFN-{\gamma}$. It has representatively decreased in Moutan Radicis Cortex(蘇丹皮) of $1{\mu}g/ml$ and Angelicae Radix(富歸尾) of $10{\mu}g/ml$. $IFN-{\gamma}$ decreased in 18 kinds of herbs of both densities. In t oriental herb group, The secretion of $IFN-{\gamma}$ increased in Bang-Hyang-Hwa-Sup group(芳香化濕藥), He-Pyo group(解表藥), I-Su-Sam-SuP group(利水渗) The secretion of $IFN-{\gamma}$ decreased in Gu-Chung group(驅蟲藥), An-Sin group(安神藥). Su-Sap group(收澁) On-Li group(溫裏藥), I-Gi group(利氣藥). Conclusions : The result of this study will not only broaden applications of oriental medicine to biological therapy, but also form the basis of oriental medical therapy to find out the meaning of oriental classification.

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Effects of Curcuma longa L. on Some Kinds of Cancer Cells (강황이 수종의 암세포에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoon, Joo-Ho;Kim, Jin-Sung;Yoon, Sang-Hyub;Ryu, Bong-Ha
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.429-443
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    • 2006
  • Objectives : The Purpose of this study was to identify anti-tumor effects of Curcuma longa L. on some kinds of cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Materials & Methods : We used 4 kinds of cancer cell lines such as glioma cells(A172), cervical cancer cells(HeLa), Prostate cancer cells(PC3), lung cancer cells(A549). We injected the boiled extract of Curcuma longa L. $5{\mu}g,\;10{\mu}g$ to culture media(ml) for 24 hours. We measured the cytotoxic effect on 4 kinds of cancer cells through trypan blue exclusion test and the suppressive effect on viability of 4 kinds of cancer cells via MTT assay. We measured the change of mitochondria membrane potential via flow cytometry. The quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the effect on the revelation of Bcl-2 and Bax which genes are related to apoptosis. We examined the effect on the revelation of Bcl-2 protein and Bax protein by western blot analysis. Results: 1. Extract of Curcuma longa L. showed significant cytotoxic effect on A172, HeLa, PC3 compared to the control group with density dependent manner. 2. Extract of Curcuma longs L. showed significant suppressive effect on viability of A172, HeLa, PC3 compared to the control group with density dependent manner. 3. Curcuma longs L. induced apoptosis by decreasing the membrane potential of mitochondria in A172, HeLa, PC3. 4. In the test about the revelation of genes related to apoptosis, the revelation of Bcl-2 decreased and the revelation of Bax increased in A172. HeLa, PC3 treated with Curcuma longa L. with density dependent manner. 5. In the test about the revelation of protein related to apoptosis, the protein levels of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax increased in A172, HeLa, PC3 treated with Curcuma longa L. Conclusions: This experiment shewed that Curcuma longs L. has anti-tumor effect on glioma, cervical, Prostate cancer cells except on lung cancer. We hope that anti-tumor effects of Curcuma longa L. will be more Practically identified.

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A Study on the Cooking and Processing Methods Presented in CHE MIN YO SUL(Chinese Book of Husbandary) -Wines- ("제민요술(齊民要術)"에 수록된 식품조리 가공법 연구보고 (I) -술-)

  • Yoon, Seo-Seok;Yoon, Suk-Kyun;Cho, Hoo-Jong;Lee, Hyo-Gee;Ahn, Myung-Soo;Ahn, Sook-Ja;Suh, Hye-Kyung;Yoon, Duk-Ihn;Lim, Hee-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.349-359
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    • 1990
  • This study was carried out to understand and analyze the cooking and processing methods presented in CHE MIN YO SUL, Chinese books of husbandary was written in sixth century. This book was composed of two parts-part I is Agricultural production and part II is product-Utilization. Especially, wines and yeast(NU RUK) written in part II were studied at this study paper. Most of yeast was made of barley and wheat. These materials had been prepared as raw, steamed, and roasted state by proper ratio with kinds of yeast and then fermented as dough state. Occasionally, various kinds of soup made from cocklebur, leaves of mulberry tree, wormwood etc. put into yeast dough. Yeast doughs were shaped round and square with or without hole in the center, made in July of the lunar calendar and fermented for 3 or 4 weeks. There were 43 kinds of wines in this book. Most of them were made of all kinds of cereals grown at that time-rice, waxy rice, millet, waxy millet etc. These cereals had been steaming or cooking gruel with grain or powder state and then fermented with yeast. These wines were prepared by single or double brewing methods and the kinds of double brewing wines were more than single brewing wines by two times. There were none of wines made from fruit and distilled wines. Generally, single brewing wines were not made in Apr., Nov., Dec., of the lunar calendar and double brewing wines were not made in Aug., Oct., Nov., of the lunar calendar. And ripenning periods of wine brewing were various, from 1 day to 7 months for single brewing, from 2 days to 8 months for double brewing.

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Studies on Flavor Components and Organoleptic Properties in Roasted Red Ginseng Marc (볶음처리한 홍삼박의 향기성분과 관능적 특성)

  • Park Myung-Han;Sohn Hyun-Joo;Jeon Byeong-Seon;Kim Na-Mi;Park Chae-Kyu;Kim An-Kyun;Kim Kyo-Chang
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.211-216
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    • 1999
  • The red ginseng marc was roasted at various conditions and its organo-leptic properties and flavor components were investigated. Scorched-rice odor and roasted odor and the roasted red ginseng marc powder were much stronger than those from the unroasted red ginseng marc powder while earth odor, old-rice odor, metalic off-odor and woody odor were much weaker than those from the unroasted red ginseng marc. Savory odor and scorched-rice odor as well as savory taste and astringent taste from the water-extract of red ginseng marc roasted at $200^{\circ}C$ were stronger, but smoky odor, woody odor, biner taste and rough taste were weaker than those roasted at $230^{\circ}C$. Seven kinds of pyrazines, two kinds of carbonyl compounds, seven kinds of acids, two kinds of esters, five kinds of phenolic compowlds, maltol and six other compounds were identified as flavor components in distillate from red ginseng marc roasted at $200^{\circ}C$ for twenty minuties. Of them pyrazines and maltol are thought to be compounds which have characteristic odor such as roasted odor and/or scorchedrice odor in the roasted red ginseng marc.

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Automated Vehicle Research by Recognizing Maneuvering Modes using LSTM Model (LSTM 모델 기반 주행 모드 인식을 통한 자율 주행에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Eunhui;Oh, Alice
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.153-163
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    • 2017
  • This research is based on the previous research that personally preferred safe distance, rotating angle and speed are differentiated. Thus, we use machine learning model for recognizing maneuvering modes trained per personal or per similar driving pattern groups, and we evaluate automatic driving according to maneuvering modes. By utilizing driving knowledge, we subdivided 8 kinds of longitudinal modes and 4 kinds of lateral modes, and by combining the longitudinal and lateral modes, we build 21 kinds of maneuvering modes. we train the labeled data set per time stamp through RNN, LSTM and Bi-LSTM models by the trips of drivers, which are supervised deep learning models, and evaluate the maneuvering modes of automatic driving for the test data set. The evaluation dataset is aggregated of living trips of 3,000 populations by VTTI in USA for 3 years and we use 1500 trips of 22 people and training, validation and test dataset ratio is 80%, 10% and 10%, respectively. For recognizing longitudinal 8 kinds of maneuvering modes, RNN achieves better accuracy compared to LSTM, Bi-LSTM. However, Bi-LSTM improves the accuracy in recognizing 21 kinds of longitudinal and lateral maneuvering modes in comparison with RNN and LSTM as 1.54% and 0.47%, respectively.

Quality Properties of Makgeolli Brewed with Various Rice and Koji (쌀 품종을 달리한 입국의 제조 및 막걸리의 품질 특성)

  • Kwon, Young-Hee;Lee, Ae-Ran;Kim, Hye-Ryun;Kim, Jae-Ho;Ahn, Byung-Hak
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.70-76
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    • 2013
  • The aim of this research was to analyze makgeolli with nineteen kinds of rice and koji. Among 19 rice, 18 rice were domestic products and one rice was an import. For the properties of koji made with 19 kinds of rice, the acidity was over 5.0 and the saccharogenic power was more than 60SP. Makgeolli brewed with 19 kinds of rice and the koji of each rice were analyzed for alcohol contents, pH, total acidity and solid contents during fermentation. After fermentation, raw liquor's alcohol degree was set 6.0%, the pH ranged 3.47-3.76, the total acidity 0.27-0.44%, the solid contents and the reducing sugar were $2.7-4.6^{\circ}$Bx and 2.49-6.01 mg/mL. Organic acid was detected 5 kinds (oxalic, malic, lactic, acetic, succinic acid) and free sugars were found such as glucose, maltose and fructose. Hwayoung, Hopum and Sura were higher than the residue in 15 kinds of rice in the preference test.

An Analytic Study on the Rice Cakes Needed for Aneestral Worship Rites in the Court of Choson Dynasty (조선시대(朝鮮時代) 宮中(궁중) 제정(祭亭)의 제찬용(祭饌用) 병류(餠類)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Joung, Hyun-Sook;Hoe, Pil-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.125-133
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    • 1988
  • In recent years, Korean traditional culture has been reviewed in many ways. And Great efforts have been made to form a culture suitable for the Koreans. With these tendencies, the interest in Korean traditional foods has been greater. So this paper is intended to identify and analyze the kinds, materials and cooking processes of the rice cakes needed for ancestral worship rites in the court of Choson Dynasty. The work is centered around the Tae-sang-ji written by Lee kun-myong in 1873-the 10th year since king kojong's coming to the throne. And we study such literatures on foods and cooking processes as Kyugon-si-ui-bang, Yo-rok, Jungbo-Sallim-Kyungjae, Kyuhap-Chongso, Si-ui-jon-so and so on. The results are compared and analyzed. Cooking processes and materials of Korean rice cakes in Choson Dynasty were various and had traditional characteristics. Rice cakes necessarily needed for various rites were called pyun especially when they were used for ancestral worship. And many different kinds of Pyun were used according to seasons. There were nineteen kinds of rice cakes used for ancestral worship in the court: Gu-i-Byung, Bun-ja-Byung, Baek-Byung and so on. The six; Gu-i-Byung, Bun-ja-Byung, Sam-sik-Byung, Yi-sik-Byung, Baek-Byung and Huk Byung were essential for the great rites at Jong-myo and Young-nyung-Jeon and so they were highly thought of. Main materials of these six were rice, glutinousrice, sorghum and wheat flour. Cooking processes of the rice cakes above mentioned can be classified into frying, beating, boiling, steaming, etc. Powder for covering rice cakes was made of bean, pine nut, sesame and red bean, of which bean was made the greatest use of. If was very wise of them to use these kinds of powder, for they supply protein and lipid of which rice cakes are destitute and they also add colors and good tastes to rice cakes. But Korean traditional rice cakes are less used as the thought of rites has changed and various kinds of desserts have been developed. And yet there is no denying the fact that even now rice cakes play a great role in traditional formalities.

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Monitoring of Sulfur Dioxide Residues in Commercial Herbal Medicines at Domestic by Geographical Origins (원산지별 국내 유통 한약재의 이산화황 잔류실태 조사)

  • Lee, Ah Reum;Jang, Seol;Lee, A Yeong;Choi, Goya;Kim, Ho Kyoung
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.152-157
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    • 2014
  • This study was carried out to investigate the residual sulfur dioxide residues ($SO_2$) in commercial medicinal herbs in Korea in 2013. Among a total of 116 samples of 11 different kinds of herbs, 71 samples (11 Kinds) were domestic, and 45 samples (10 Kinds) were imported. The residual contents of $SO_2$ in the samples were determinated by a modified Monier-Williams method. Of the 116 samples, 6 samples (5.2%, 4 Kinds) failed to meet the regulations for sulfur dioxide residues of KFDA in medicinal herbs. Among 6 unsuitable samples, 1 samples (1.4%) were domestic, and 5 samples (11.1%, 3 Kinds) were imported. The highest amount of sulfur dioxide residues was 1546.3 mg/kg (Lycii Fructus) in the domestic samples. Regardless of region, $SO_2$ contents were not found at Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Eucommiae Cortex, Forsythiae Fructus, Gardeniae Fructus, Leonuri Herba and Lonicerae Folium et caulis. These data will be used as a basic data for the future legislation on the regulation and control of sulfur dioxide of herbal medicines.