• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2018

비목나무는 줄기가 곧고 직경이 40 cm까지 자라지만 아직 미사용되고 있다. 잘 알려지지 않은 수종을 이용하려면 먼저 그 수종의 열기건조스케쥴을 찾아야 한다. 비목나무의 열기건조스케쥴을 테라자와의 오븐급속건조법으로 추정하였으며, 열기건조 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 비목나무의 평균 생재함수율과 평균 생재비중은 각각 72.3%과 0.53이다. 테라자와의 오븐급속건조법을 사용하여 얻은 25 mm 두께 비목나무의 가장 안전한 건조조건은 초기건조온도 $50^{\circ}C$, 초기건습구온도차 $4^{\circ}C$, 말기건조온도 $75^{\circ}C$이다. 이러한 조건에 맞는 미임산물연구소 스케쥴은 T5-D4이다. 추정 열기건조스케쥴 T5-D4와 새로운 개량 열기건조스케쥴 T8-C5로 25 mm 판재를 건조한 결과, 모두 불가피하게 발생한 수심재터짐 이외에는 내부할렬과 틀어짐이 전혀 발생하지 않았다.

• 한국가구학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2000

Pinus $rigida{\times}taeda$ and Liriodendron tulipifira have been planted in this country for about 20 years. They are known as a relatively 13st-grown and useful species. The physical properties such as green moisture contents, specific gravities and dimensional shrinkages were examined with natively grown timbers. The kiln-dry schedules were developed with 30m thick boards by using an oven-fast-drying method. In both species the green MC's of sapwoods were higher than those of heartwoods, but their discrepancies were small. The green specific gravities of Pinus $rigida{\times}taeda$ and Liriodendron tulipifera were 0.48 and 0.41~O.42, respectively. The developed kiln-dry schedules were proven to minimize drying defects for the hoards of 30mm thickness and various width.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2003

Image processing technique was adapted for exploring the more convenient ways to investigate the drying characteristics of wood. The acquisition of information about drying characteristics is indispensable for the development or improvement of dry-kiln schedules. A small internal fan type wood dry kiln was combined with image-processing and data-acquisition systems to monitor continuously the formation of checks and moisture reduction during drying. All the images and data were analyzed to improve or estimate the dry-kiln schedules and predict the drying time which would be required to dry green wood to 10% moisture content in internal fan type kiln. Samples of 20 mm- and 50 mm-thick Metasequoia glyptostrobodies, Paulownia coreana Uyeki, Pinus densiflora Sieb. Et Zucc., Platanus occidentalis L., Quercus acutissima and Robinia pseudo-acacia were used to verify the potentiality of this technique.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 1987

A study was conducted to determine the kiln drying schedule for hydrid aspen, This kiln drying schedule was found by oven drying method and developed by pilot testing of 2.0cm, 2.5cm, 3.0cm-thick green lumber. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Kiln drying schedule developed by oven-drying method was $T_{12}-E_5$ for 2.5cm-thick green lumber. 2. Drying times for 2.0cm-thick green lumber(127.0 percent moisture content) to 7.3 percent moisture content, for 2.5cm-thick green lumber(95.0 percent moisture content) to 9.7 percent moisture content, and for 3.0cm-thick green lumber(118.5 percent moisture content) to 10.0 percent moisture content were 45 hours, 45 hours, and 54 hours, respectively. 3. Drying rate from 90 to 10 percent moisture content of 2.5cm-thick lumber was about 0.7 times faster than that of 2.0cm-thick lumber and about 1.1 times faster than that of 3.0em-thick lumber. 4. End checks for 2.0cm-, 2.5cm-, and 3.0cm-thick green lumber occurred 95, 74 and 100 percent moisture content, respectively and reached maximum amount in 53, 41, and 60 percent moisture content, respectively. 5. No surface check and no honeycomb occurred. 6. Cupping and collapse slightly occurred and the quality of dry lumber was first.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 1986

A study was conducted to determine the physical properties related to drying characteristics, the seasonal air drying curves and the kiln drying schedule for taun lumber imported and utilized. This kiln drying schedule was found by oven drying and developed by pilot testing of green lumber and partially air dried lumber. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Average green specific gravity and standard deviation of heartwood lumber were 0.60${\pm}$0.03 and those of sapwood lumber were 0.64${\pm}$0.02. 2. Radial shrinkage from green to air dry and from green to oven dry were 3.05 percent and 5.96 percent respectively, and tangential shrinkage from green to air dry and to oven dry were 5.49 percent and 8.74 percent respectively. 3. Drying time for 25mm thick green lumber (50 percent moisture content) air dried to 30 percent moisture content were 14 days in springtime. 6 days in summertime, and 12 days in autumntime, whereas for 50mm thick lumber in 36 days in springtime, 18 days in summertime, 38 days in autumntime. 4. Kiln drying schedules developed by oven drying were T8-B3 for 25mm thick lumber and T5-B2 for 50mm thick lumber. 5. Kiln drying curves of green 25mm and 50mm thick lumber were similar to those of partially air dried lumber from the level of 30 percent average moisture content. Green 25mm thick lumber (55.7 percent moisture content) was dried to 9.3 percent moisture content in 101.5 hours and green 50mm thick lumber (65.6 percent moisture content) was dried to 11.5 percent moisture content in 526 hours. 6. End checking for green 25mm thick lumber occured in 49.6 percent moisture content and reached maximum amount in 27.6 percent moisture content and closed in 15.8 percent moisture content. 7. End checking for green 50mm thick lumber and partially air dried lumber developed and reached maximum amount earlier then for 25mm thick lumber. 8. Final moisture content of surface layer for 50mm thick lumber was one half of that of core, and moisture content equalized in the lumber after nine days of room conditioning. 9. Casehardening for 50mm thick lumber was slight and was conditioned after nine days of room stroage. 10. Drying defects, such as end checking and surface checking, were not observed and the quality of dry lumber was first.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 1987

Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et. Z.) and pitch pine(Pinus rigida Mill) $5{\times}10cm$ dimension lumber were dried in a kiln providing a cross-circulation velocity of 5 m/sec at dry-and wet-bulb temperatures of 116 and $71^{\circ}C$, followed by 3 hours at 91 and $85^{\circ}C$. Compared to dimension lumber dried lumber were as follows. 1. To dry to 10 percent moisture content, the high-temperatures schedule of Korean red pine and pitch pine lumber took less than one seventh the time required by the conventional kiln drying schedule. 2. High-temperature drying rate and conventional drying rate to 10 percent moisture content of Korean red pine lumber were 2.75 and 0.35%/hr, and those of pitch pine lumber were 3.38 and 0.46%/hr respectively. 3. Compared to lumber of both species on conventional schedule, moisture gradient of high-temperature lumber was greater. 4. Compared to lumber on conventional schedule, maximum surface checking of high-temperature lumber of both species was severer, and maximum end checking of high-temperature lumber of both species was similar to that of lumber on conventional schedule. 5. Compard to lumber on conventional schedule, Korean red pine lumber dried at high temperature showed more honeycombing, but pitch pine lumber dried at high-temperature showed significantly slighter honeycombing. 6. Compared to lumber on conventional schedule, the high-temperature lumber showed less warping lumber of both species. 7. Collapse and casehardening of Korean red pine and pitch pine lumber on both scheules were slight.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.67-81
• /
• 1989

This experiment was carried out to know the mothod of changing the step of moisture content schedule with time in conventional kiln drying. For the purpose of this object. we made drying model by applying the moisture diffusion model by J.FSiau(1984) to average moisture content equation by J.Crank(1956) derived it from Fick's second law. And to verify this method of drying model. 2.5cm-thick boards and 5.0cm-thick dimension lumbers of Pinus densiflora were kiln-dried with the schedule of T11-C3 and T10-C4, respectively. And then the drying rates were investigated and compared with those calculated from drying model. The results obtained were as follows 1. Average drying rate and total drying time of board to dry to 6.5% moisture content were 0.64%/hr and 109hr., and those of dimension lumber to dry to 8.3% moisture content were 0.4%/hr. and 162hr., respectively. 2. The moisture content of shell and core decreased by equalizing treatment and increased by conditioning treatment both on board and dimension lumber. But the moisture gradient was lower after conditioning than after equalizing. 3. As the drying was proceeded, the transverse bound water diffusion coefficient all but linearly decreased, the water vapor diffusion coefficient abruptly curvilinearly increased, while the transverse diffusion coefficient curvilinearly decreased both on board and dimension lumber. But each of diffusion coefficients on board was larger than that on dimension lumber. 4. Compared to experimential drying rate of board. theoretical drying rate was larger at 30.0%-21.8% moisture content range and was similiar at 21.8%-5.4% moisture content. And in case of dimension lumber, the drying rate was similiar at 30.0%-16.1% moisture content range but theoretical drying rate was much lower at 16.1%-8.3% moisture content range. 5. The possibility of adapting this drying model to changing the moisture content schedule step with time was in the range of 21.8%-5.4% moisture content on board. And in the case of dimension lumber that was in the range of 30.0%-16.1% moisture content.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 1986

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 이태리 포플라(Populus euramericana) 플리치(flitch)의 SDR (Saw-Dry-Rip) 방법(方法)과 대조재로서 평균각재(平均角材)를 사용하여 동일한 건조조건(乾燥條件)에서 양자간(兩者間) 건조속도(乾燥速度)와 건조결함(乾燥缺陷)의 발생정도를 비교코저 실시하였으며 두께 50mm인 평소각재(平小角材)와 플리치 건조(乾燥)스케쥴 T8-F4를 적용하여 함수율(含水率) 10%정도까지 열기건조(熱氣乾燥)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 평균각재(平均角材)의 평균(平均) 건조속도(乾燥速度)는 0.41%/hr. 였으며 플리치의 평균(平均) 건조속도(乾燥速度)는 0.44%/hr. 였다. 2. 평균각재(平均角材)의 최종함수율(最終含水率)은 8.0%이고 플리치의 최종함수율(最終含水率)은 10.1%였다. 함수율분포(含水率分布)에 있어서 평소각재(平小角材)의 표층, 중간층 및 내층 의 평균함수율(平均含水率)은 각각 8.8%, 10.4%, 12.6%이고 플리치의 경우는 각각 10.6%, 12.9%, 16.3%였다. 3. 플리치의 SDR방법(方法)은 평소각재(平小角材)의 건조(乾燥)보다 길이굽음 20%, 너비굽음 25%, 측면(側面)굽음 54.9%, 비틀림 13.4% 감소되었다. 4. 수피(樹皮)인접부위의 평소각재(平小角材)의 길이굽음과 너비굽음은 수심(樹心)부위의 평소각재(平小角材)의 경우보다 감소되었으나 측면굽음과 비틀림은 오히려 증가되었다. 5. 평소각재(平小角材)의 표면할열(表面割裂)보다 적게 발생하였고 횡단면할열(橫斷面割裂)은 양자(兩者)간에 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 6. 평소각재(平小角材)와 플리치의 내부할열(內部割裂), 두께 수축율(收縮率) 및 찌그러짐은 서로 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 7. 평소각재(平小角材)의 표면경화율(表面硬化率)은 19.2%로서 플리치의 표면경화율(表面硬化率) 11.9%보다 컸었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.3-13
• /
• 1985

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 증기전처리(蒸氣前處理)가 두께 3 cm인 상수리나무 (Quercus acutissima)의 건조속도(乾燥速度)와 건조결함(乾燥缺陷)에 미치는 영향을 알고자 하였다. 생재상태(生材狀態)의 전처리용(前處理用) 판재(板材)를 $100^{\circ}C$의 온도(溫度)에서 4시간동안 증기전처리(蒸氣前處理)한 후 무처리판재(無處理板材)와 함께 Rasmusse이 제시한 건조(乾燥)스케쥴 ($T_4-C_2$)을 사용하여 합수율(合水率) 10%까지 열기건조(熱氣乾燥)하였다. 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다. 평균(平均) 건조속도(乾燥速度)는 무처리판재(無處理板材)의 경우 2.51%/일(日)이고 증기전처리판재(蒸氣前處理板材)의 경우 3.08%/일(日)였으며, 증기전처리(蒸氣前處理)로 함수율(含水率) 70%에서 10%까지의 건조시간(乾燥時間)을 약 18% 감소(減少)시켰다. 표면할열(表面割裂)에 대한 증기전처리(蒸氣前處理)의 효과(效果)는 거의 없었으나 횡단면할열(橫斷面割裂)에 있어서는 증기전처리판재(蒸氣前處理板材)가 무처리판재(無處理板材)에 비해 감소(減少)되었다. 증기전처리판재(蒸氣前處理板材)의 내부할열(內部割裂), 너비굽음 및 찌그러짐의 발생율(發生率)이 무처리판재(無處理板材)보다 약간씩 낮았다. 건조재(乾燥材)의 품등(品等)도 증기전처리판재(蒸氣前處理板材)가 무처리판재(無處理板材)보다 양호(良好)하여 1등급(等級)의 출현율(出現率)이 20% 높았으며, 2등급(等級)은 15%, 3등급(等級)은 5%씩 그 출현율(出現率)이 낮았다.