• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.535-543
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• 2013

본 연구에서 국산 낙엽송재의 공학목재로의 이용가능성, 특히 교호집성재 라미나로서의 이용가능성을 확인하기 위하여 열기건조 중과 건조 후 판재 내 잔류응력을 분석하였다. 연구결과를 통해 이쿼라이징 처리에 의한 함수율 동일화 효과가 증명되었고, 컨디셔닝 처리에 의한 잔류응력의 감소효과가 정량화되었다. 건조 중 목재 내 잔류응력 분석을 위하여 프롱법과 슬라이스법을 실시하였다. 프롱 제작 후 표면경화율을 측정하였고, 슬라이스의 절단 후 탄성변형량을 기준으로 표면으로부터 약 10 mm 깊이까지의 건조응력을 정량적으로 분석하였다. T10-C4와 T12-D5 열기건조 스케줄 적용 시 열기건조 중 판재 표면의 인장응력과 압축응력은 모두 2.2 MPa을 넘지 않음을 확인하였다. 낙엽송의 횡단방향 인장강도와 압축강도가 평균 2.65 MPa, 4.60 MPa인 점을 고려하면, 더욱 강한 건조스케줄 적용이 추천된다. 건조 후처리에 의해 폭굽음과 비틀림을 약 40% 줄일 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2001

Acquisition of precise information on drying characteristics of wood is indispensable for the improvement of drying schedules and wood quality. Recognition of the exact moisture content at which drying defects such as checks occur during drying with given drying conditions may be essential to reduce drying losses. In this study an image-processing system was combined with a laboratory-scale wood dry kiln for experiments and the surface of tree disk of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) was monitored to investigate the behavior of check formation over all the drying process. This system showed good potential for improving drying schedules and wood product quality.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.22-54
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• 1989

Seasonal semi-greenhouse type solar-drying of 2.5cm-and 5.0cm-thick lumber of Quercus aliena Blume and Quercus variailis Blume was carried out to investigate the possibility of solar-drying of wood and to decide the active solar-drying period in Korea. In the active solar-drying period obtained solar-dehumidification, semi-greenhouse type solar-, air- and kiln-drying of 2.5cm -thick lumber of oaks were carried out to analyze drying-rates. -defects, and -yield in each drying-method and to calculate daily total absorbed solar-radiation the solar dryers. The energy balance equations were set up, considering all the energy requirements, to analyze the heat efficiencies of semi-greenhouse type solar and solar-dehumidification-dryer. In a seasonal drying the drying rate of semi-greenhouse type solar-dryer was highest in summer, and greater in fall, spring, and winter in order. Solar-drying time was 45% in summer to 50% in winter of the air-drying rime, and more serious drying-defects occurred in air-drying than in solar-drying. In the active solar-drying period. April, May, and June, the average drying rate in solar-dehumidification-drying was 1.0%/day and greater than 0.8%/day in semi-greenhouse type solar-drying. In solar-dehumidification-drying the time required to dry lumber to 10% moisture content was less than 60 days, and solar-dehumidification-drying showed the highest drying-yield, 65.01%, than the other drying methods. The daily total absorbed solar radiations were 8.51MJ on the roof collector and 6.22 MJ on the south wall collector. In the energy blance 69.48% of total energy input was lost by heat conduction through walls, roof. and floor 11.68% by heat leakage, 0.33% by heating the internal structures of the solar-dryer and 5.38% by air-venting. Therefore the heat efficiency of semi-greenhouse type solar-dryer 13.13%, was lower than that of solar-dehumidification-dryer, 14.04%. Solar-drying of lumber in Korea showed the possibility to reduce the air-drying-time in every season and the efficiency of solar-dehumidification drying was higher than that of semi-greenhouse type solar-drying.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.512-520
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 탄화과정 중에 탄화로에서 발생되는 폐열을 활용하기 위해서 친환경건조시스템을 개발하여 그 특성을 검토하였다. 친환경건조시스템은 화석연료를 전혀 이용하고 있지 않고, 버려지는 폐열을 이용하기 때문에 환경친화적이다. 친환경건조시스템의 열원으로 이용되는 열수는 3개의 탄화로에 서로 연결되어 폐열을 회수하고 있고, 지속적인 열원의 공급으로 건조기내의 온도와 습도변화는 크지 않았다. 친환경건조시스템 설치가 목탄의 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 고정탄소, 정련도, 경도, 발열량, pH, 단위중량당 발열량, 수탄율을 분석하였다. 그 결과로부터 친환경건조시스템 설치가 목탄의 특성에 크게 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 버려지는 폐열을 회수하여 에너지로 이용하는 친환경건조시스템은 에너지절감과 농산물의 건조품질을 향상시켜 농가의 수익을 극대화할 수 있는 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.28-32
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• 1995

The presteamed or prefrozen persimmon blocks of 10cm ${\times}$ 10cm ${\times}$ 15cm were air-dried at room temperature until about 30% moisture content, and then were dried in a MW oven. During drying their internal temperatures were monitored with thermo-couple probes. The presteamed and prefrozen blocks didn't show any improvement in drying rate and moisture gradient when compared with the controls. Checks appeared on the surfaces of most presteamed blocks during air-drying. It has been clearly revealed that the maximum weight, loss must, be less than 2g/min during MW drying to prevent internal checking and that MW drying reduced moisture gradients inside blocks. MW dried the persimmon blocks 440 times faster than conventional kiln.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1986

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 이태리 포플라(Populus euramericana) 플리치(flitch)의 SDR (Saw-Dry-Rip) 방법(方法)과 대조재로서 평균각재(平均角材)를 사용하여 동일한 건조조건(乾燥條件)에서 양자간(兩者間) 건조속도(乾燥速度)와 건조결함(乾燥缺陷)의 발생정도를 비교코저 실시하였으며 두께 50mm인 평소각재(平小角材)와 플리치 건조(乾燥)스케쥴 T8-F4를 적용하여 함수율(含水率) 10%정도까지 열기건조(熱氣乾燥)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 평균각재(平均角材)의 평균(平均) 건조속도(乾燥速度)는 0.41%/hr. 였으며 플리치의 평균(平均) 건조속도(乾燥速度)는 0.44%/hr. 였다. 2. 평균각재(平均角材)의 최종함수율(最終含水率)은 8.0%이고 플리치의 최종함수율(最終含水率)은 10.1%였다. 함수율분포(含水率分布)에 있어서 평소각재(平小角材)의 표층, 중간층 및 내층 의 평균함수율(平均含水率)은 각각 8.8%, 10.4%, 12.6%이고 플리치의 경우는 각각 10.6%, 12.9%, 16.3%였다. 3. 플리치의 SDR방법(方法)은 평소각재(平小角材)의 건조(乾燥)보다 길이굽음 20%, 너비굽음 25%, 측면(側面)굽음 54.9%, 비틀림 13.4% 감소되었다. 4. 수피(樹皮)인접부위의 평소각재(平小角材)의 길이굽음과 너비굽음은 수심(樹心)부위의 평소각재(平小角材)의 경우보다 감소되었으나 측면굽음과 비틀림은 오히려 증가되었다. 5. 평소각재(平小角材)의 표면할열(表面割裂)보다 적게 발생하였고 횡단면할열(橫斷面割裂)은 양자(兩者)간에 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 6. 평소각재(平小角材)와 플리치의 내부할열(內部割裂), 두께 수축율(收縮率) 및 찌그러짐은 서로 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 7. 평소각재(平小角材)의 표면경화율(表面硬化率)은 19.2%로서 플리치의 표면경화율(表面硬化率) 11.9%보다 컸었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 실무에서 주로 사용되고 있는 FA, 35 및 CKD 치환률에 따른 콘크리트의 기초적 물성 및 건조수축에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 이를 토대로 건조수축 해석을 실시하여 혼화재가 콘크리트의 건조수축에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하고자 한다. 실험변수로서 혼화재 치환률은 $0{\sim}20%$ 수준으로 결정하였고, W/B는 $40{\sim}50%$의 수준으로 결정하였다. 건조수축해석을 위해 지수함수모델을 적용하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 혼화재 치환율이 증가함에 따라 유동성 및 공기량이 감소하였으며 초기압축 강도가 저하됨을 확인 하였다. 건조수축 특성으로 혼화재 치환률이 증가함에 따라 건조수축은 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 건조수축 해석결과 지수함수 모델이 측정치를 양호하게 추정함을 알 수 있었고, 혼화재의 영향을 고려할 필요성이 제기되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop a new drying technology in order to quickly and massively dry bamboo tubes without crack and check. The bamboo tubes with the diameter of 45 mm - 68 mm had been impregnated in the solution of PEG-1000, and then were dried under room temperature and high temperature, respectively. The cracks occurred on all control specimens while no cracks were found on PEG treated specimens during drying at room temperature due to effect of PEG restraining the circumferential shrinkage of bamboo tube. But the drying period of this method was too long (200 days) compared to 10 hours of kiln drying. During fast high temperature drying, cracks occurred on all control specimens, but no cracks were found on PEG treated specimens, which could be accounted for more solidified PEG due to higher drying temperature and faster drying rate, and the tension set formed on the surface of bamboo tube in the early stage of drying owning to high drying temperature and low relative humidity. Thus, it is advised that PEG treated bamboo tube should be fast dried at high temperature in order to not only prevent crack or check in short drying period but also increase the dimensional stability of the products made of bamboo tubes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1987

Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et. Z.) and pitch pine(Pinus rigida Mill) $5{\times}10cm$ dimension lumber were dried in a kiln providing a cross-circulation velocity of 5 m/sec at dry-and wet-bulb temperatures of 116 and $71^{\circ}C$, followed by 3 hours at 91 and $85^{\circ}C$. Compared to dimension lumber dried lumber were as follows. 1. To dry to 10 percent moisture content, the high-temperatures schedule of Korean red pine and pitch pine lumber took less than one seventh the time required by the conventional kiln drying schedule. 2. High-temperature drying rate and conventional drying rate to 10 percent moisture content of Korean red pine lumber were 2.75 and 0.35%/hr, and those of pitch pine lumber were 3.38 and 0.46%/hr respectively. 3. Compared to lumber of both species on conventional schedule, moisture gradient of high-temperature lumber was greater. 4. Compared to lumber on conventional schedule, maximum surface checking of high-temperature lumber of both species was severer, and maximum end checking of high-temperature lumber of both species was similar to that of lumber on conventional schedule. 5. Compard to lumber on conventional schedule, Korean red pine lumber dried at high temperature showed more honeycombing, but pitch pine lumber dried at high-temperature showed significantly slighter honeycombing. 6. Compared to lumber on conventional schedule, the high-temperature lumber showed less warping lumber of both species. 7. Collapse and casehardening of Korean red pine and pitch pine lumber on both scheules were slight.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Western redcedar timber, 26 by 26cm in cross section and by 200cm long, was dried in a laboratory radio-frequency/vacuum kiln under 65torr of ambient pressure and a fixed frequency of 6.78MHz for the potential rapidly dry large timber. All process data were collected and saved in a computer through a data acquisition system. The temperature in the middle of timber was higher than temperature at the quarter point of timber length and thickness. Temperature gradients developed in the longitudinal and transverse direction of timber. The pressure in the middle of timber was higher than pressure at the quarter point of timber length. The pressure in the middle of timber was lower in the early stage of drying, and higher in the latter stage of drying than pressure at the quarter point of timber thickness. Power density was very highest during heating period and then gradually decreased. The drying curve was approximately linear and the total drying time was 27 hours from an initial moisture content(MC) of 48.6 percent to a final Me of 19.2 percent with only a few mild internal checks in the middle location of timber.