• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.127-130
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• 2002

The present study was aimed to investigate whether the adriamycin-induced nephrosis is associated with an altered regulation of local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the kidney. Rats were subjected to a single injection of adriamycin (2 mg/kg body weight, IV) and kept for 6 weeks to allow the development of nephrosis. They were then divided into two groups, and supplied with and without cilazapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, in drinking water (100 mg/l) for additional 6 weeks. Another group without adriamycin-treatment served as control. The mRNA expression of renin, ACE, type 1 and type 2 angiotensin II receptors (AT1R, AT2R), and transforming growth factor $(TGF)-{\beta}1$ was determined in the cortex of the kidney by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Adriamycin treatment resulted in heavy proteinuria. Accordingly, the mRNA expression of renin, ACE, and AT1R was increased in the renal cortex, while that of AT2R was decreased. Co-treatment with cilazapril attenuated the degree of proteinuria. While not affecting the altered expression of renin, cilazapril decreased the expression of ACE to the control level. Cilazapril further increased the expression of AT1R, while it restored the decreased expression of AT2R. The expression of $(TGF)-{\beta}1$ was increased by the treatment with adriamycin, which was abolished by cilazapril. An altered expression of local RAS components may be causally related with the development of adriamycin-induced nephrosis, in which AT1R is for and AT2R is against the development of nephrosis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.449-457
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• 2003

To investigate the renal effects of enrofloxacin administration on rats induced with dehydration or hyperoxaluria, male rats were treated with enrofloxacin of 50 mg to 500 mg/kg b.w.. The microscopical observations of kidney and urine sediment were carried out in the experimental groups. The result obtained were as follows; The male rats deprived of water for 72 hours and administered with enrofloxacin. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as loss of appetite, depression, weakness, and loss of urine output became more severe. In the histopathological findings, there were hyperemia and hemorrhage in renal cortex, vacuolation and necrosis of renal tubular epithelia, proteinous casts within renal tubules. The male rats were orally administered with sodium oxalate and injected with enrofloxacin for 7days. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as the loss of appetite and water consumption, and weakness became more severe. In the histopathological findings, there are hemorrhage of glomeruli and cortical hyperemia, vacuolation and necrosis of tubular epithelia, proteinous casts in renal tubules. In the microscopical findings of urine sediment, there are calcium oxalate crystal (diamond-like type) and magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals (rhomboid). The male rats were intraperitoneally injected with sodium oxalate and administered with enrofloxacin for 7days. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as the loss of appetite and water consumption, weakness were more severe. In the histopathological findings, there were hyperemia and hemorrhage in both glomeruli and renal cortex. Severe necrosis of renal tubular epithelia, bluish materials within renal tubules were also found. In the microscopical findings of urine sediment, there were many calcium oxalate crystals. The present results suggest that enrofloxacin has some injurious effects in rats having dehydration or hyperoxaluria, and clinically, we should consider these renal injury effects when we use enrofloxacin in patients accompanied renal disease, dehydration and hyperoxaluria conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.133-145
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of present study was to investigate recovery effects of Hirudo, which has been used clinically in diabetes therapy. Methods: We established three groups: normal, control, Hirudo, and assigned 6 rats to each group. The normal group was not treated by any process and fed by normal saline. The control & Hirudo groups were administered streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Hirudo extract was orally administered to the Hirudo group for 10 days. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their body weight, 24hrs urinary protein excretion, glucose, albumin, BUN, creatinine, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride in blood, and level of glycation end-product (AGE) and transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}1$) in serum were measured. Morphological profiles and morphometric studies of the kidney cortex, renal transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}1$) expression, and renal receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) expression were studied. Results: The following results were obtained. The protein amount in urine per 24hrs of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly reduced. The BUN and creatinine level in serum of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly inhibited. The construction change in kidney of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly inhibited. The factor of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly inhibited, which induced the construction change in kidney. Conclusions: The above results suggest that Hirudo partially improved the function of the kidney.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2013

Carthamus tinctorius L. and Eucommia umoides Oliver are often used in traditional herbal medicines for reducing damage to the liver, kidney, bone and muscle. In the present study, we investigated cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity in the human osteoblast-like MG-63 cell line with methanol extracts of Carthami Semen (CS) and Eucommiae Cortex (EC) alone or in a mixture (CS+EC). Osteoblast cell viability was evaluated using the MTS assay and alkaline phosphatase activity assays. The cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased in MG-63 osteoblast cells treated with the CS+EC mixture. These findings suggest the CS+EC mixture may have beneficial effects on bone health through the proliferation of osteoblast cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1983

Studies on the effects of vanadate for Na-K-ATPase activity were carried out with rabbit renal cortex. 1) Na-K-ATPase activity was inhibited with the concentrations of vanadate in incubation medium. The vanadate concentration at which activity was inhibited by 50%$(ID_{50})$ was $10^{-6}M$ and Hill coefficient was 1.00. 2) The fractional inhibition by constant concentration of vanadate decreased with increasing enzyme concentration. 3) Increasing $K^+$ and $Na^+$ concentrations in incubation medium diminished the ability to inhibit Na-K-ATPase by vanadate whereas increasing $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ concentrations potentiated the inhibition of Na-K-ATPase by vanadate. 4) Vanadate didn't inhibit Na-K-ATPase at pH 6.6. Increasing pH potentiated the inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity. 5) Vanadate inhibited Na-K-ATPase activity reversibly in all range of concentrations in dilution experiment. These results show that vanadate inhibits Na-K-ATPase activity with interacting at $KE_2$ state reversibly.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.169-172
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• 1995

The changes in blood pressure may relate to the alterations of the responsiveness to vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, and these alterations can arise the modifications in the properties of angiotensin II (AII) receptor. In order to examine the changes of AII receptor in the hypertensive mechanism of renin-dependent hypertensive rats (RHRs; two-kidney, one-ligated type), we compared the equilibrium binding characteristics of $[^3H]$All in adrenal cortex and medulla from RHRs and normotensive rats. The dissociation constants of AII binding in both tissues of RHRs were very similar to those in the respective tissue of normotensive rats. However, the maximum binding was increased from 805 to 1050 fmole/mg protein in the adrenal cortex of RHRs, and decreased from 172 to 126 fmole/mg protein in the adrenal medulla of RHRs. These results imply that the up- and down-regulation of the All receptor population on the cell surface of adrenal glands from RHRs are consorted with the elevation of blood pressure and the activation of renin-angiotensin system.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2013

Objective: Ulmi Pumilae Cortex (UPC) is a deciduous tree with uneven pinnate leaves and is classified as a subfamily of Ulmuceae and contains many pharmacologically active constituents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UPC on the growth and survival of AGS cells, the most common human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. Methods: The AGS cells were treated with varying concentrations of UPC. Analyses of the sub G1, caspase-3 activity, and mitochondrial depolarization were conducted to determine whether AGS cell death occured by apoptosis. Furthermore, to identify the role of the transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 7 channels in AGS cell growth and survival, we used human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells overexpressed with TRPM7 channels. Results: The addition of UPC to a culture medium inhibited AGS cell growth and survival. Experimental results showed that the sub G1, caspase-3 activity, and mitochondrial depolarization were increased. Furthermore, TRPM7 channel overexpression in HEK 293 cells exacerbated UPC-induced cell death. Conclusion: These findings indicate that UPC inhibits the growth and survival of gastric cancer cells due to a blockade of the TRPM7 channel activity. Therefore, UPC is a potential drug for treatment of gastric cancer, and TRPM7 channels may play an important role in survival in cases of gastric cancer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1201-1209
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• 2007

The present study was designed to examine whether water extract of Acanthopanacis cortex(AC) has an effect on renal functional parameters in association with the expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the ischemia/reperfusion induced acute renal failure (ARF) rats. Polyuria caused by down-regulation of renal AQP 2 in the ischemia-induced ARF rats was markedly restored by administration of AC (200 mg/kg, p.o.) with restoring expression of AQP 2 in the kidney. Administration of AC lowered the renal expression of HO-1, which was upregulated in rats with ischemia/reperfusion-induced ARF. The renal functional parameters including creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion, urinary osmolality, and solute-free reabsorption were also markedly restored in ischemia-ARF rats by administration of AC. Histological study also showed that renal damages in the ARF rats were abrogated by administration of AC. Taken together, the present data indicate that AC ameliorates renal defects in rats with ischemia/reperfusion-induced ARF.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.181-186
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• 2006

A pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rats produces vasoconstriction, renal dysfunction, and hypertension. The present study was aimed at investigating whether the methanol extract of Serous commixta cortex (MSC) ameliorates $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) induced hypertension in rats. Treatment of rats with L-NAME (10 mg/kg/day in drinking water, 5 weeks) caused a sustained increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Administration of MSC (100 or 200 mg/kg/day, p.o) significantly lowered the SBP in the L-NAME-treated rats and this effect was maintained throughout the whole experimental period. Moreover, ecNOS expression in aorta and kidney tissue from L-NAME treated rats was significantly restored dy administration of MSC. Furthermore, the impairment of acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation of aortic rings in the L-NAME treated rats was reversed dy administering of MSC. The renal functional parameters including urinary volume, sodium excretion, and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were also restored by administering MSC. Taken together, the present study suggeststhat MSC prevents the increase in SBP in rats with L-NAME-induced hypertension, which may result from the up-regulation of the vascular and renal ecNOS/No system.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.421-427
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the embolized kidney and contralateral normal kidney using computed tomography (CT) and enhanced computed tomography. Experimental hydronephrosis was induced by ligation of unilateral ureter in Beagle dogs. Renal artery embolization was performed using selective catheterization in the hydronephrotic kidney of seven dogs and EKG, $SpO_2$, body temperature, pulse, and repiratory rate were within normal ranges during procedures. Iohexol-ethanol solution was used as embolic material. There were no dogs expired after TAE-Ra and no side effects associated with regurgitation of iohexol-ehtanol solution. Revascularization of renal artery was not found in angiography in dogs treated by TAE-RA at immediately after TAE-RA and 14 days after TAE-RA. CT showed dilation of urinary collection system and ventral displacement of spleen at 14 days after TAE-RA in one dog not treated by TAE-RA and experimental group treated by TAE-Ra. CT two month after TAE-RA showed the shrunken embolized kidney in experimental group. Transverse CT with contrast enhancement demonstrated the increase of signal intensity at thinned renal cortex in control group not treated by TAE-Ra at 30 days and 60 days, however, there was no increase of signal intensity at shrunken embolized kidney at 60 days after TAE-RA. CT was useful modality for evaluation of the morphology and the size of embolized kidney and contralateral normal kidney. Enhanced CT was availabel for the detection of revascularization of renal artery after TAE-RA in dogs with hydronephrosis. It is conclued that CT is useful modality for the monitoring of the revascularization of the renal artery after TAE-RA.