• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2015

Recent climate change has led to fluctuations in agricultural production, and as a result national food supply has become an important strategic factor in economic policy. As such, in this study, panel data was collected to analyze the effects of seven meteorological elements on the production of five types of grain with error component panel data regression method following the test results of LM tests, Hausman test. The key factors affecting the production of rice were average temperature, average relative humidity and average ground surface temperature. The fluctuations in the other four grains types are not well explained by meterological elements. For other grains and beans, only average temperature and time (year) affect the production of other grains while average temperature, ground surface temperature, and time (year) influence the production of beans. For barley and millet, only average temperature positively affects the production of barley while ground surface temperature and time (year) negatively influence the production of millet. The implications of this study are as follow. First, it was confirmed that the meteorological elements have profound effects on the rice production. Second, when compared to existing studies, this study was not limited to rice but encompassed all five types of grains and went beyond other studies that were limited to temperature and rainfall to include various meteorological elements.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2008

RNA-RNA interactions and the dynamic RNA conformations are important regulators in virus replication in several RNA virus systems and may also involved in the regulation of many important virus life cycle phases, including translation, replication, assembly, and switches in these important stages. The 5' non-translated region of Potato virus X(PVX) contains multiple cis-acting elements that facilitate various viral processes. It has previously been proposed that RNA-RNA interactions between various RNA elements present in PVX RNA genome are required for PVX RNA accumulation(Hu et al., 2007; Kim and Hemenway, 1999). This model was based on the potential base-pairing between conserved sequence elements at the upstream of subgenomic RNAs(sgRNAs) and at the 5' and 3' end of RNA genome. We now provide more evidence that RNA-RNA base-pairing between elements present at the 5' end and upstream of each sgRNA is required for efficient replication of genomic and subgenomic plus-strand RNA accumulation. Site-directed mutations introduced at the 5' end of plus-strand RNA replication defective mutant(${\Delta}12$) increasing base-pairing possibility with conserved sequence elements located upstream of each sgRNAs restored genomic and subgenomic plus-strand RNA accumulation and caused symptom development in inoculated Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Serial passage of a deletion mutant(${\Delta}8$) caused more severe symptoms and restored wild type sequences and thus retained possible RNA-RNA base-pairing. Altogether, these results indicate that the RNA element located at the 5' end of PVX genome involved in RNA-RNA interactions and play a key role in high-level accumulation of plus-strand RNA in vivo.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.575-583
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• 2020

본 논문은 기존의 트로피컬 하우스의 정의와 다르게 접근한다. 일렉트로닉 음악 장르인 딥 하우스, 칠 아웃, 댄스 홀로부터 파생되었다는 것이 기존의 정의이다. 이와 달리 본 연구에서는 트로피컬 하우스가 일렉트로닉 음악뿐만 아니라 다른 예술 양식의 요소를 포함하고 있음을 이야기한다. 바로 아일랜드의 전통 음악인 켈틱 음악의 요소들이다. 어떤 이유에서 트로피컬 하우스 장르와 켈틱 음악 장르의 융합이 용이했는지에 관하여 설명한다. 그리고 트로피컬 하우스가 켈틱 음악의 요소를 가지고 있다는 것을 8곡의 파퓰러 음악을 통하여 분석한다. 트로피컬 하우스의 선율, 화성, 리듬, 보컬 창법, 악기, 곡의 구조가 켈틱 음악의 요소와 교집합이 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 본 논문의 요지는 켈틱 음악의 요소가 트로피컬 하우스라는 장르에서 발견되었음을 주장하는 것이다. 더불어 창작자들은 세계 전통음악을 비롯한 다양한 음악들에 관심을 갖을 필요가 있다. 독창적인 음악을 만들기 위해 오늘날의 음악과 다양한 장르의 음악을 어떻게 접목시킬 수 있을지에 대해 고민해볼 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2022

이 연구는 디지털화 과정을 통해 생산되는 디지털화 기록의 체계적 관리와 품질 유지를 위해 필요한 메타데이터 요소(안)을 제안하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 메타데이터 요소(안)의 개발에 앞서 이 연구에서는 디지털화 기록의 정의와 특성을 확인하고, 원천 기록의 사본이자 대체물로서 디지털화 기록을 규정하여 원천 기록과의 관계를 정립하였다. 다음으로, 국내 기록관리 메타데이터 표준과 미국 및 영국의 사례를 분석하여 디지털화 기록에 대한 메타데이터 요소 비교 및 요소 설계시 고려할 사항을 도출하였다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 하여, 디지털화 기록 관리를 위한 메타데이터의 설계방향은 첫째, 원천 기록과 디지털화 기록의 관계 정립, 둘째, 자원 유형별 특성에 따른 자동추출 메타데이터 요소 확대, 셋째, 업무과정 및 프로젝트에 대한 메타데이터 작성 등 3가지로 정리되었다. 이에 근거하여 디지털화 기록의 메타데이터를 디지털화 기록 메타데이터과 디지털화 프로세스 메타데이터로 개체를 구분하고, 해외 사례를 참조하여 각 개체별로 추가되어야 할 요소를 제안하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2011

Leucine-rich repeat containing protein 10 (LRRC10) is characterized as a cardiac-specific gene, suggesting a role in heart development and disease. A severe cardiac morphogenic defect in zebrafish morphants was recently reported but a contradictory result was found in mice, suggesting a more complicated molecular mechanism exists during mouse embryonic development. To elucidate how LRRC10 is regulated, we analyzed the 5'enhancer region approximately 3 kilo bases (kb) upstream of the Lrrc10 start site using luciferase reporter gene assays. Our characterization of the Lrrc10 promoter indicates it possesses complicated cis-and trans-acting elements. We show that GATA4 and MEF2C could both increase transcriptional activity of Lrrc10 promoter individually but that they do not act synergistically, suggesting that there exists a more complex regulation pattern. Surprisingly, knockout of Gata4 and Mef2c binding sites in the 5’enhancer region (-2,894/-2,889) didn't change the transcriptional activity of the Lrrc10 promoter and the likely GATA4 binding site identified was located in a region only 100 base pair (bp) upstream of the promoter. Our data provides insight into the molecular regulation of Lrrc10 expression, which probably also contributes to its tissue-specific expression.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.799-812
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• 2017

에너지는 매우 복합적인 과학개념으로 많은 국가의 과학 교육과정에서 핵심을 이루는 개념이지만, 교수 학습 과정에서 많은 어려움을 야기하는 개념이기도 하다. 본 연구는 한국, 미국, 영국, 싱가포르의 교육과정을 비교분석하여 향후 교육과정 개정 시 고려해야 하는 에너지 교육과정의 쟁점들을 추출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국의 2015 개정교육과정, 미국의 차세대 과학교육표준(NGSS, Next Generation Science Standards), 영국의 과학 교육과정(National curriculum in England: Science programmes of study), 싱가포르의 과학 교육과정(Science syllabus)에서 에너지를 명시적으로 포함하는 성취기준들을 추출하여, 여섯 가지 개념 요소(에너지 형태, 에너지 자원, 에너지 전달, 에너지 전환, 에너지 보존, 에너지 산일)에 따라 분류하고 비교하였다. 에너지 관련 성취기준이 학교 급별, 학문 영역별, 에너지 개념 요소별로 어떻게 분포하는지 빈도 분석을 실시하였고, 에너지 개념 요소별로 내용 분석을 병행하였다. 그 결과 모든 나라의 교육과정 모두에서 에너지 개념의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었지만, 세부적으로는 강조하고 있는 개념 요소와 개념 요소별 내용에 있어서 상당한 차이를 발견하였다. 그 중 다른 나라와 대비되는 한국 교육과정의 가장 큰 특징은 에너지 개념 요소 중 에너지의 형태와 관련된 성취기준의 빈도가 가장 높다는 점, 특정 물리량에 대응하지 않는 체 포괄적인 의미로 사용되는 에너지 형태를 포함하고 있다는 점, 에너지 전달에 비해 좀 더 어려운 개념 요소인 에너지 전환을 강조하고 있는 점, 에너지 보존의 경우 역학적 상황에만 국한하여 성취기준이 제시되고 있는 점, 에너지 개념과 관련하여 '계'를 도입하지 않고 있는 점 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 차이가 야기하는 교육과정 개편 상의 쟁점들에 대해서 논의하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.538-545
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• 2017

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of cupric citrate (CuCit) on growth performance, antioxidant indices, serum lipid metabolites, serum immune indices, and tissue residues of copper (Cu), zinc, and iron in weaned pigs. Methods: A total of 180 weaned pigs ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Large$ White) with an average body weight of $8.98{\pm}1.21kg$ were randomly assigned to a corn-soybean meal control ration, or 4 similar rations with 30, 60, 120, or 240 mg/kg Cu as CuCit. All diets contained 10 mg/kg Cu as cupric sulfate from the vitamin-mineral premix. The experiment was divided into two phases: 0 to 14 d (phase 1) and 15 to 28 d (phase 2). Results: Average daily gain (ADG; linearly, p<0.01) and average daily feed intake (ADFI; linearly and quadratically, p<0.05) were affected by an increase in CuCit during phase 2. Overall period, ADG (p<0.05) and ADFI (p<0.01) were linearly increased with increasing dietary levels of CuCit. Serum malondialdehyde concentrations (p<0.05) and glutathione peroxidase activity (p<0.01) linearly decreased and increased respectively with an increase in CuCit. Serum levels of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase were linearly affected with an increase in CuCit (p<0.01). Hepatic malondialdehyde levels decreased with an increase in CuCit (linearly and quadratically, p<0.01). Serum total cholesterol concentrations were quadratically affected (p<0.05) and decreased in pigs fed Cu as CuCit at 60 and 120 mg/kg and increased in pigs fed 240 mg/kg Cu as CuCit. Serum high-density lipoprotein concentrations were linearly affected with an increase in CuCit (p<0.01). Serum $IL-1{\beta}$ levels were quadratically affected (p<0.05) by dietary treatment. Compared with other treatments, 240 mg/kg Cu from CuCit quadratically increased hepatic (p<0.01) and renal (p<0.05) Cu concentrations, and quadratically decreased hepatic and renal iron concentrations (p<0.05). Conclusion: Cu administered in the form of CuCit at a dosage range of 30 to 60 mg/kg, effectively enhanced the growth performance and antioxidant status of weaned pigs.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.791-800
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• 2007

Ethylene performs an important function in plant growth and development. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS), the key enzyme involved in ethylene biosynthesis, has been the focus of most ethylene studies. Here, a cotton ACS gene referred to as Gossypium hirsutum ACS1 (GhACS1), was isolated. The full-length cDNA of GhACS1 encodes for a 476-amino acid protein which harbors seven conserved regions, 11 invariant amino acid residues, and the PLP binding active site, all of which characterize ACC synthases. Alignment analysis showed that GhACS1 shared a high degree of identity with other known ACC synthases from different species. Two introns were detected in the genomic DNA sequence, and the results of Southern blot analysis suggested that there might be a multi-gene family encoding for ACC synthase in cotton. From the phylogenetic tree constructed with 24 different kinds of ACC synthases, we determined that GhACS1 falls into group II, and was closely associated with the wound-inducible ACS of citrus. The analysis of the 5' flanking region of GhACS1 revealed a group of putative cis-acting elements. The results of expression analysis showed that GhACS1 displayed its transient expression nature after wounding, abscisic acid (ABA), and $CuCl_2$ treatments. These results indicate that GhACS1, which was transiently expressed in response to certain stimuli, may be involved in the production of ethylene for the transmission of stress signals.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2004

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus(BmNPV) ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) promoter fragments of different lengths were amplified from BmNPV ZJ-8 genomic DNA by PCR. Reporter plasmids pBmegt542-luc, pBmegt309-luc and pBmegtl59-luc with luciferase (lue) driven by egt promoters were constructed. Both in vitro and in vivo expressions showed that BmNPV egt promoter activity requires the transactivation of viral factor(s), and expression of luc was detected earliest at 24 hrs post infection (pi). BmNPV ZJ-8 homologous region 3 (hr3) increased the expression of luc by over 1,600-fold. Molting hormone of 1.0 - 2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ can dramatically down regulate expression of luc. Juvenile hormone analogue of 0.5-2.0 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$ increased expression of luc by 145.8% to 75.7%. Deletion assay revealed that the promoter fragment of 159 bp contains the basal promoter structure; Promoter fragments of 309 bp and 542 bp showed similar but much higher transcriptional activities than that of 159 bp, suggesting that nucleotide from -159 to -309 nt upstream the translation initiation site harbors the main cis-acting elements.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2013

The nutritional requirements for the maximum production of lipopeptides by Bacillus subtilis N7 (B. subtilis N7) were investigated and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) under shake flask fermentation. A one-factor-at-a-time experimental setup was used to screen carbon and nitrogen sources. A Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was employed to screen the most critical variables for lipopeptides production amongst ten nutritional elements. The central composite experimental design (CCD) was finally adopted to elucidate the composition of the fermentation medium. Statistical analyses (analysis of variance, ANOVA) of the results showed that KCl, $MnSO_4$ and $FeSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ were important components and that their interactions were strong. Lipopeptide production was predicted to reach 709.87 mg/L after a 60 h incubation using an optimum fermentation medium composed of glucose 7.5 g/L, peanut oil 1.25 g/L, $MgSO_4$ 0.37 g/L, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.75 g/L, monosodium glutamate 6.75 g/L, yeast extract and $NH_4Cl$ (5:3 w/w) 10 g/L, KCl 0.16 g/L, $FeSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ 0.24 mg/L, $MnSO_4$ 0.76 mg/L, and an initial pH of 7.0. Lipopeptide production ($706.57{\pm}3.70$ mg/L) in the optimized medium confirmed the validity of the predicted model.