• 제목/요약/키워드: ketamine

검색결과 182건 처리시간 0.025초

악안면구강외과 환자의 전신 마취에 있어서 흡입 마취와 정맥 마취의 차이에 대한 임상적 고찰 (A CLINICAL STUDY ABOUT COMPARISON OF INHALATION ANESTHESIA AND INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA WITH ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL PATIENTS)

  • 김진;노홍섭;김일웅;이성호;윤한욱
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.291-295
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    • 1998
  • Intravenous anesthesia was compared with inhalation anesthesia in 20 patients of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to study in two treatment groups. 20 patients were injected ketamine and propofol. 20 patients were administered Enflurane. The respond of patients consciousness and general recovery condition of the two groups were compared. Intravenous anesthesia group were awake significantly faster without complications such as nause, vomiting, and agitation after operation than inhalation anesthesia group. Full recovery time of intravenous anesthesia group was significantly 3 times less than inhalation anesthesia group. The authors conclude that intravenous anesthesia is a practical technique for oral and maxillofacial surgery patients undergoing and may be preferable to intravenous anesthesia because of the significantly short of recovery time without complications.

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실혈시(失血時) 전신마취(全身麻醉)에 관(關)한 실험적연구(實驗的硏究) : 실혈견(失血犬)에 있어서 염산(鹽酸)케타민과 소디엄 펜토발비탈 마취(麻醉) 2. 실혈견(失血犬)에 있어서 염산(鹽酸)케타민이 심전도(心電圖) 및 혈압(血壓)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Experimental Studies on General Anesthesia Following Blood Loss: Ketamine Hydrochloride and Sodium Pentobarbital Anesthesia in Bled Dogs 2. Effects of Ketamine Hydrochloride on Electrocardiograms and Blood Pressures in Bled Dogs)

  • 남치주
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 1976
  • 실혈견(失血犬)에 있어서 염산(鹽酸)케타민 전신마취(全身麻醉)가 심전도(心電圖), 뇌파(腦波) 및 혈압(血壓)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였던 바 그 성적(成積)은 다음과 같았다. 심전도소견(心電圖所見)에 있어서는 동성빈맥(洞性頻脈)이 지속(持續)되었으나 심장조율(心臟調律)에는 특이(特異)한 변화(變化)가 나타나지 아니 하였다. 그러나 건강견(健康犬)에 있어서 염산(鹽酸)케타민 마취군(麻醉群)과 비교(比較)해서 파형(波形)의 변화(變化)와 S-T분절(分節)의 편위(偏位)가 경미(輕微)하게 있었으며 P-Q와 Q-T 간격(間隔)은 상대적(相對的)으로 다소(多少) 연장(延長) 되었다. 뇌파(腦波)는 건강견(健康犬)에 있어서의 염산(鹽酸)케타민 마취군(麻醉群)과 유사(類似)한 양상(樣相)을 보였으나, 그 진폭(振幅)은 약간 감소(減少)되었다. 혈압(血壓)은 마취후(麻醉後) 약간 하락(下落)되었으나 곧 마취전(麻醉前)으로 회복(恢復)되었으며, 악화(惡化)되지는 아니하였다.

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NMDA Receptor Antagonists Enhance 5-HT2 Receptor-Mediated Behavior, Head-Twitch Response, in PCPA-Treated Mice

  • Kim, Hack-Seang;Park, In-Sook;Lim, Hwa-Kyung;Choi, Hong-Seork
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.113-118
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    • 1999
  • Previous work in our laboratory has shown that the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, AP-5, CPP, MK-801, ketamine, dextrorphan and dextromethorphan cause a pronounced enhancement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced head-twitch response (HTR) in intact mice, suggesting the involvement of NMDA receptors in the glutamatergic modulation of serotonergic function at the postsynaptic $5-HT_{2}$ receptors. The purpose of this study was to extend our previous work on the behavioral interaction between glutamatergic and serotonergic receptors. In the present study, both competitive (AP-5 and CPP) and noncompeti-tive (MI-801, ketamine, dextrorphan and dextromethorphan) NMDA receptor antagonists markedly enhanced 5-HT-induced selective serotonergic behavior, HTR, in p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-treated mice which were devoid of any involvement of indirect serotonergic function, to establish the involvement of the NMDA receptor in 5-HT-induced HTR at the postsyaptic $5-HT_{2}$receptors. In addition, the enhancement of 5-HT-induced HTR was inhibited by a dopamine agonist, apomorphine, NMDA receptor antagonist, NMDA and a serotonin $5-HT_{2}$receptor antagonist, cyproheptadine, in PCPA-treated mice. Therefore, the present results support our previous conclusion that the NMDA receptors play an important role in the glutamatergic modulation of serotonergic function at the poststynaptic $5-HT_{2}$ receptors.

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Effects of Injectable Anesthetics on Fluorescein Retinal Angiographic Phases in Dogs

  • Jang, Jae-Young;Kim, Young-Sam;Kim, Won-Tae;Jung, Chang-Su;Kim, Hyun-Ah;Kim, Min-Su;Yi, Na-Young;Jeong, Man-Bok;Nam, Tchi-Chou;Seo, Kang-Moon
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.488-493
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    • 2008
  • This study compared the effect of injectable combinations of anesthetics on each of the fluorescein angiographic phases in order to determine the most useful anesthetic combination for the procedure. Acepromazineketamine (AK), xylazine-ketamine (XK), diazepam-ketamine (DK) and zolazepam-tiletamine (ZT) group were administered randomly to 8 dogs with a two-week interval between different combination doses. The vital signs including the heart rate and arterial pressure were measured before anesthesia and every five minutes during anesthesia. Serial angiographic images were obtained after injecting a sodium fluorescein dye (25 mg/kg) and the onset time of arterial phase (AP), arteriovenous phase (AVP), early venous phase (EVP) and late venous phases (LVP) were recorded. The onset time of the AP, AVP and EVP were significantly slower in the AK and XK groups than in the DK and ZT groups. The total duration of the AP and AVP in the AK group was significantly longer than those in the ZT group. The heart rates were significantly higher in the DK and ZT groups. The arterial pressure was significantly higher in the AK and XK groups (p<0.05). There were significant differences in each angiographic onset time and duration depending on the changes in the heart rates and arterial pressure. The AK and XK groups showed a long angiographic duration allowing an accurate evaluation. Overall, it is believed that AK and XK are more useful for performing fluorescein retinal angiography than DK and ZT.

개에서 실험적으로 유발한 비장종대의 방사선학적 평가 (Radiographic Estimation of Experimentally Induced Splenomegaly in Dogs)

  • 정인조;왕지환;윤제웅;이경우;연성찬;이효종;이희천
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.263-266
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of radiographic examination of the splenomegaly associated with drug-induced splenic congestion and to establish the standard goal of the splenomegaly in dogs. Radiographic images of spleen in normal dogs were collected to determine the maximum diameter prior to, and 15 minutes after, administration of acepromazine, ketamine/diazepam combination, or propofol. Significant splenic enlargement was seen after administration of acepromazine, but statistical signalficant was found in a ventrodorsal view only. Splenic size tended to decrease after administration of ketamine/diazepam combination. Significant splenic enlargement was not found after administration of propofol. These results suggest that measurable splenomegaly can be detected by radiographic examination after some kind of drug administration and the evaluation of splenomegaly is more useful at ventrodorsal view than lateral view.

Effect of anesthetics and diuretics on Doppler measurements of intrarenal resistive index in dogs

  • Choi, Ho-jung;Yoon, Jung-hee;Eom, Ki-dong;Lee, Hee-chon;Choi, Ji-hye;Sung, Jae-ki
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.832-837
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    • 1999
  • lntrarenal resistive index (RI) was determined in normal, sedated and diuretic kidneys. The mean RI values of normal dogs were $0.64{\pm}0.03$ without statistically significant difference between left and right kidney. Interrenal RI difference (${\Delta}RI$) was $0.03{\pm}0.01$. No significant relationship was found between mean intrarenal RI versus body weight. The mean intrarenal RI values after administration of acepromazine, xylazine, thiopental, and ketamine were $0.66{\pm}0.03$, $0.64{\pm}0.03$, $0.56{\pm}0.05$, and $0.50{\pm}0.05$, respectively. After administration of acepromazine or xylazine, a significant change of the RI was not found. But, a significant decrease of the RI following thiopental or ketamine administration could be observed as compared with the normal RI. The mean intrarenal RI values were $0.63{\pm}0.06$ and $0.62{\pm}0.04$ at 10 minutes and 30 minutes after injection of furosemide, respectively. No significant change of intrarenal RI was found after administration of furosemide. But, mannitol significantly decreased mean intrarenal RI to $0.57{\pm}0.02$ and $0.58{\pm}0.03$ at 30 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively. Based on the obtained results, values of 0.72 and 0.05 may be proposed as the reasonable upper limits of RI and ${\Delta}RI$ of normal average. Acepromazine or xylazine are recommended as anesthetics for renal diseases because they have less effect on the RI. Further study using mannitol injection to increase ${\Delta}RI$ may be suggested in unilateral urinary tract obstruction since mannitol more effectively changed mean RI than furosemide.

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협조에 어려움을 보이는 장애인 환자에서 전신마취 전 경구 Midazolam 전투약의 효과 분석 (Premedication of Oral Midazolam for Smooth Anesthesia Induction of Uncooperative Patients)

  • 이승화;서광석;신터전;김현정;한효조;장주혜
    • 대한치과마취과학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2011
  • Background: Adult patients with intellectual disabilities often strongly resist the anesthetic administration for dental procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of midazolam premedication in improving the cooperation level of patients who are likely to be combative and irritated during general anesthesia (GA) induction. Methods: The patients who had received dental treatment under ambulatory GA for more than two times were included. And we selected 13 patients total that needed physical restraint or ketamine IM prior to induction at the first GA, and were prescribed midazolam tablet (7.5-15 mg) at the following GA. We reviewed pre-anesthetic records and anesthesia records, and evaluated cooperative levels of patients (4 levels scale) during anesthesia induction and recovery time retrospectively. Results: All 13 patients (Male 11, Female 2) had severe mental disabilities. The average age of the patients was 24 ${\pm}$ 7 (13-37) years and their average weight was 58 ${\pm}$ 16 (34-91) kg. At the first GA, 10 patients needed physical restraint prior to induction (level 3). And 3 patients were so poorly cooperative that the induction procedure was performed after intramuscular injection of ketamine (level 4). But after the midazolam intake, 7 patients were willing to receive the anesthetic induction (level 1, 2), and 6 patient needed physical restraint (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in the duration of general anesthesia and postoperative recovery. Conclusions: Oral intake of midazolam was effective in improvement of cooperation without any complications.

Veterinary management protocol for non-human primates: quarantine, anesthesia, and postoperative care for mastoidectomy at animal research institutions

  • Yoon Beom Lee;Woori Jo;Eui-Suk Jeong;Tae Ku Kang;Gwang-Hoon Lee
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제63권4호
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    • pp.35.1-35.10
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    • 2023
  • Non-human primate (NHP) research faces challenges due to zoonosis risk and complex veterinary management yet lacks standardized guidelines for animal care. Therefore, we developed an advanced veterinary management protocol for NHP quarantine, anesthesia, and postoperative care. Three female 4 to 5-year-old cynomolgus monkeys were anesthetized and underwent various tests, including body weight, temperature, blood tests, urinalysis, microbiological monitoring, and physical and dental examinations. Ivermectin and medicated baths were administered to eradicate ectoparasites and endoparasites, and testing was repeated 30 days later. Following quarantine, we performed computed tomography and anesthesia maintenance for mastoidectomy. To relieve pain and maintain body weight, we administered tramadol intramuscularly 4 times/day for 3 days and meloxicam subcutaneously twice daily for 14 days. Feed replacements were provided. During the 33-day quarantine period, physical examinations revealed no abnormalities indicative of infectious diseases, and no specific clinical symptoms were observed. Through a preliminary test of anesthesia time, we selected ketamine 4 mg/kg + medetomidine 50 ㎍/kg for short experiments such as computed tomography, and ketamine 8 mg/kg + medetomidine 50 ㎍/kg for intubation. Ten days after mastoidectomy, NHPs consumed 100 kcal/kg and recovered their body weight. This study offers advanced veterinary management guideline for NHP research. Such protocols can lead to more standardized and ethical practices in NHP research, thereby enhancing the quality of studies on NHPs and the translation of findings to human health and disease.

정신분열병의 실험적 모델 (Experimental Models of Schizophrenia)

  • 전진숙
    • 생물정신의학
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.153-160
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    • 1999
  • 동물모형은 정신장애의 연구와 치료에 유용한 도구를 제공할 수 있다. 정신장애의 동물모형으로서의 적합성에 대한 평가 기준은 첫째, 유도된 상태의 유사성, 둘째, 행동상의 유사성, 셋째, 공통된 근저의 신경생물학적 기전, 넷째, 임상적으로 효과적인 치료 기술에 의한 역전 등 4가지이다. 저자는 정신분열병의 연구에 유용한 도구로 사용할 수 있는 실험적 모델을 간략히 소개하였다. 정신분열병의 실험적 모델로서는 L-dopa 모델, phenylethylamine 모델, hallucinogen 모델, amphetamine 모델, phencyclidine(이하 PCP) 모델, NE 보상계병소 모델, 망상계자극 모델, 사회격리 모델, 조건화된 회피반응, catalepsy 시험, paw 시험, 자기자극 paradigm, latent inhibition paradigm, blocking paradigm, 경악반사의 prepulse inhibition, 설치류 상호작용, 원숭이의 사회적 행위, 해마손상, 선택적 breeding을 사용한 모델, 고기압 모델, 각성 모델, 감각운동 gating 모델 등이 제시되고 있다. 저자는 이중에서 특히 정신분열병의 실험적 모델로서 face validity, predictive validity, construct validity가 높은 몇 가지 방법에 대해서 중점적으로 설명하였다. 임상경험 및 동물실험에서 PCP 및 ketamine 등 PCP 유사물질은 양성증상 뿐만아니라 음성증상, 파과형, 인지장애군에 좀 더 가까운 비망상형의 정신분열병에도 적용시키기가 좋은 것으로 알려졌다. 임신이나 출생 시 합병증에 의한 해마병소화, 내재적 신경독성에 의한 NE 보상계 병소, 스테로이드 증가에 의한 해마변화 등에 의해서 정신분열병이 유도될 수 있음은 해마병소화 모델이 정신분열병의 실험적 모델로서의 첫번째 기준을 충족시킴을 입증한다. 해마 병소화 후에 정신분열병 환자에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 주의집중력 장애, 공간 및 문맥 정보의 이해결핍, 기억구성, 인식기억, 고전적 조건화, 일반화, 복합적 학습, 상동적 행동, 미신적 행동, 과잉각성, 소멸과 습관형성, 피부전도 실험 등의 이상이 관찰됨은 정신분열병의 실험적 모델로서 두 번째의 기준에 합당한 것이다. 사후 부검한 뇌조직 및 여러 신경영상화 연구에서 해마의 구조적 이상 및 신경전달물질의 수용체 변화가 보고됨은 세 번째 조건을 만족시키는 것이며, 정신분열병의 여러 치료약물을 투여함으로써 상기 변화가 반전됨은 해마병소화 모델이 정신분열병의 실험적 모델로서 타당도가 높음을 시사한다. 정신분열병의 양성증상, 음성증상, 인지장애를 모두 포괄적으로 반영할 수 있는 실험적 모델로서 ketamine 모델과 해마병소화 모델 등이 보다 유용한 도구로 제시될 수 있다. 그러나 현재까지 어떠한 정신분열병의 모형도 정신분열병 전체를 대표할 수 있는 것은 없다. 따라서 동물모형을 사용한 연구의 결과는 매우 조심스럽게 해석되어야 한다. 또한 동물모형을 발전시키고 타당화 시키려는 노력은 인간에서의 현상을 신빙성있게 측정하는 방법을 규명하는 과정과 공동으로 이루어져야 한다.

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