• Title/Summary/Keyword: karyotypes

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Karyotypes, DNA Values and Nuclear Sizes of Several Scups (Teleostomi : Perciformes) (돔류(類) 몇종(種)의 염색체(染色體), DNA함량(含量)과 핵(核)의 크기에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Dong-Soo;Jeon, Im-Gi;Lee, Jong-Kwan
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.1 no.1_2
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 1989
  • An examination of the karyotypes, DNA values and nuclear sizes of three scups was undertaken as part of the study of cytogenetical evolution of order Perciformes. The chromosome number 2n=48 was the same in all three species but the numbers of chromosome arm were not identical. The distribution of genome size and nuclear volumes among species was continuous ranging from 1.287 pg and $20.78\;{\mu}m^3$ for Pagrus major down to 1.237 pg and $20.56\;{\mu}m^3$ for Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Above results indicate the possible role of pericentric inversions in the karyotypic evolution of these species.

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The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities and the prenatal cytogenetic analyses for couples with recurrent abortions

  • Choi, Soo-Kyung;Park, So-Yeon;Han, Jung-Yeol;Ryu, Hyun-Mee;Jun, Jong-Young
    • Journal of Genetic Medicine
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.59-63
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    • 1998
  • Between 1988-1998, cytogenetic analyses were performed for 1,476 couples and 162 women with recurrent abortions. We applied GTG-banding, high resolution-banding and FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) techniques in this study. The frequency of balanced translocations was 3.6% (112/3114). Of them, 74 cases (2.38%) were reciprocal translocations and 38 (1.22%) were robertsonian translocations. Chromosome aberrations were more frequent in women (80 cases) than in men (32 cases). No phenotypical abnormalities were found in all carriers who had experienced recurrent spontaneous abortions or experienced giving birth to malformed offsprings. Prenatal cytogenetic analyses were carried out on 40 subsequent pregnancies for carrier couples with balanced translocation. The fetal karyotypes showed that 13 cases (32.5%) were normal, 25 (62.5%) were balanced translocations, and two (6%) were unbalanced translocations. It is believed that the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion is higher than that of the normal population. Most of the fetal samples showed normal karyotypes or balanced translocations matching that of one of their parents. Although the incidence of chromosomal imbalance in the fetuses was relatively low in prenatal cytogenetic analysis, individuals with balanced translocations are predisposed to giving birth to malformed offsprings with partial trisomy or monosomy. Therefore, we recommend the cytogenetic and the prenatal cytogenetic analysis for those who experiences recurrent abortion as well as in case they become pregnant, to prevent the birth of offsprings with chromosomal abnormalities.

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The parental origin correlates with the karyotype of human embryos developing from tripronuclear zygotes

  • Joergensen, Mette Warming;Labouriau, Rodrigo;Hindkjaer, Johnny;Stougaard, Magnus;Kolevraa, Steen;Bolund, Lars;Agerholm, Inge Errebo;Sunde, Lone
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.14-21
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    • 2015
  • Objective: It has previously been suggested that embryos developing from intracytoplasmic sperm-injected (ICSI) zygotes with three pronuclei (3PN) are endowed with a mechanism for self-correction of triploidy to diploidy. 3PN are also observed in zygotes after conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF). The parental origin, however, differs between the two fertilization methods. Whereas the vast majority of 3PN IVF zygotes are of dispermic origin and thus more likely to have two centrioles, the 3PN ICSI zygotes are digynic in origin and therefore, more likely to have one centriole. In the present study, we examine whether the parental origin of 3PN embryos correlates with the karyotype. Methods: The karyotype of each nucleus was estimated using four sequential fluorescence in situ hybridizations-each with two probes-resulting in quantitative information of 8 different chromosomes. The karyotypes were then compared and correlated to the parental origin. Results: 3PN ICSI embryos displayed a significantly larger and more coordinated reduction from the assumed initial 3 sets of chromosomes than 3PN IVF embryos. Conclusion: The differences in the parental origin-and hence the number of centrioles-between the 3PN IVF and the 3PN ICSI zygotes are likely to be the cause of the differences in karyotypes.

Chromosomal study of the lenoks, Brachymystax (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae) from the South of the Russian Far East

  • Kartavtseva, I.V.;Ginatulina, L.K.;Nemkova, G.A.;Shedko, S.V.
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 2013
  • An investigation of the karyotypes of two species of the genus Brachymystax (B. lenok and B. tumensis) has been done for the Russia Primorye rivers running to the East Sea basin, and others belonging to Amur basin. Based on the analysis of two species chromosome characteristics, combined with original and literary data, four cytotypes have been described. One of these cytotypes (Cytotype I: 2n=90, NF=110-118) was the most common. This common cytotype belongs to B. tumensis from the rivers of the East Sea basin and B. lenok from the rivers of the Amur basin, i.e. extends to the zones of allopatry. In the rivers of the Amur river basin, in the zone of the sympatric habitat of two species, each taxon has karyotypes with different chromosome numbers, B. tumensis (2n=92) and B. lenok (2n=90). Because of the ability to determine a number of the chromosome arms for these two species, additional cytotype have been identified for B. tumensis: Cytotype II with 2n=92, NF=110-124 in the rivers basins of the Yellow sea and Amur river and for B. lenok three cytotypes: Cytotype I: 2n=90, NF=110 in the Amur river basin; Cytotype III with 2n=90, NF=106-126 in the Amur river basin and Cytotypes IV with 2n=92, NF=102 in the Baikal lake.

C-banded karyotypes of Allium (Alliaceae) sect. Sacculiferum in Korea (C-banding pattern에 의한 한국산 부추속 산부추절의 핵형 연구)

  • Ko, Eun-Mi;Choi, Hyeok-Jae;Oh, Byoung-Un
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.220-228
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    • 2009
  • C-banded karyotypes of eight taxa of Korean Allium sect. Sacculiferum were examined by means of Giemsa techniques. Each of the taxa had their own characteristic bands. Most of the bands on the somatic metaphase chromosomes were mainly located on the short arm, intercalary region and medium sized chromosomes. In addition, the heterochromatic bands were usually facultative, recognized as two spots, and all investigated taxa had a pair of satellites of heterochromatin. The similarities of total length and number of bands revealed that three varieties of A. thunbergii G. Don have a closer cytological relationship than the others. The C-banding patterns of A. longistylum and A. linearifolium were examined for the first time in this study, and the former was clearly distinguished from the others by the distribution and number of its bands. The proportion of heterochromatic bands suggested that A. thunbergii var. thunbergii is the most primitive, and A. sacculiferum the most advonced, within the section.

Systematic Studies on Korean Rodents: VI. Analysis of Morphometric Characters, Chromosomal Karyotypes and Mitochondrial DNA in Two Species of Genus Rattus (한국에 서식하고 있는 설치류의 계통분류학적 연구: 6. 집쥐속 2종의 형태학적 형질, 염색체 핵형 및 미토콘디리아 DNA의 분석)

  • 고홍선
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.231-242
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    • 1992
  • Samples of two species of genus Ratts(black rat, Rattus rasttus Linnaeus; common rat, Rattus norvegicus Berkenhaut) in Korea were trapped and their 31 morphometric charcters were analyzed statistically in order to determine the range of geographic variation within each species and the interspecific differences. In addition, chromosomal G-bands and C-bands were compared and the fragment patterns of mtDNA resulted from the digestion with restriction enzymes were also analyzed. Samples of black rats from six localities in Korea were similar with one another in their morphometric characters: in head and body length, length of tail vertebrae, conventional karyotype and C-bands, they are comparable to Rattus rattus tanezumi in Japan. Specimens of common rats from seven localities in Korea were similar with one another in their morphometric characters: in conventional karyotype, they are comparable to Rattus norvegicus caraco in eastern Asia. Common rats differ from black rats in their morphometric characteris, chromosomal karyotypes and mtDNA. It is confirmed that correct species name of black rat in Korea is Rattus rattus tanezumi Tempminck: species name of common rat in Korea is Rattus norvegicus caraco Pallas: the common rat is a species, which is distinct from the black rat.

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Establishment of Mouse Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated from Primordial Germ Cells

  • Shim, Sang-Woo;Song, Sang-Jin;Hosup Shim;Lee, Bo-Yon;Huh, Choo-Yup;Hyuk Song;Chung, Kil-Saeng;Lee, Hoon-Taek
    • Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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    • 2004.06a
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    • pp.276-276
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    • 2004
  • Pluripotent stem cells have been generated from two embryonic sources. ES cells are generated from ICM of blastocyst stage embryos, and embryonic germ (EG) cells are generated from primordial germ cells (PGCs). Both ES and EG cells are pluripotent and present important characteristics such as high levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, multi-cellular colony formation, normal and stable karyotypes, continuously passaging ability, and the capability of differentiation into all three embryonic germ layers. (omitted)

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A Cytogenetic Analysis of Abortus with Spontaneous Abortion (자연 유산 수태산물의 세포유전학적 분석)

  • Oh, Hyun-Sook;Hwang, Si-Mok;Kwon, Kyung-Hun
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.71-74
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    • 2008
  • Chromosomal abnormalities of abortus have also been used to investigate the most common etiology of spontaneous abortion, but the frequency and the types of spontaneous abortions have also demonstrated considerable variation among in different countries and races. A cytogenetic analysis of 75 abortuses was performed at the GenDix, Inc. from January, 2006 to December, 2007. The frequency of chromosome abnormalities in abortus was 32.0% (24/75 cases). Among the chromosomal abnormalities, trisomy was 62.5% (15/24 cases) and the most frequent trisomy was trisomy 21 with 26.6% (4/15 cases). The average maternal age of normal and abnormal karyotypes was $34.1{\pm}3.3$ and $34.3{\pm}3.3$. Cytogenetic analysis of abortus is important for diagnosis and genetic counseling for parents with spontaneous abortion.

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Systematic Studies of Korea Rodents : III. morphometric and Chromosomal Analyses of Striped Field Mice, Apodemus Agrarius chemuensis Jones and Johnson, from Jeju-Do (한국산 설치류의 계통분류학적 연구 : III. 제주도산 등줄쥐 (Apodemus agrarius chejuensis Jones and Johnson)의 형태적 및 염색체 분석)

  • 고흥선
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.24-40
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    • 1987
  • Striped filed mice from Jeju-Do (Apodemus agrarius chejuensis) were used for morphometric and chromosomal studies in order to compare them with striped field mice from the korean peninsula (A. Agrarius coreae). It was found that A.agrarius chejuensis and A. agrarius coreae are similar in karyotypes and it was confirmed that the former is a large-size group and the latter is a small-size group.

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Chromosomal Studies of Two Species of Diplommatina (Mesogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) in Korea (깨알달팽이 속 (Diplommatina) 2종의 염색체연구)

  • 이준상;권오길
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.23-26
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    • 2002
  • Comparative karyological analyses of the Korean land snail, Diplommatina (Sinica) paxillus and Diplommatina (Sinica) changensis, were peformed by the Giemsa-staining and air-drying method. The karyotypes of both species were the same (2n = 26). However, the chromosome lengths and arm ratios, and relative chromosome lengths of the two species were distinctly different.

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