• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 1993

Leishmaniasis is one of the important tropical diseases in the world. Although it is not prevalent In Korea, imported cases have been recorded. The karyotype of Leishmcnic sp. has been observed to be variable by localities or by strains, but the karyotype of a strain is known to be stable. This study was performed to observe if the karyotype of a Leishmonio sp. would be changed under some stressful conditions. The karyotype, analyzed by pulsed Held gradient gel electrophoresis, was not grossly changed by heat shock, chemotherapeutics, UV illumination, and gamma irradiation. Radiation destroyed the chromosomes mechanically but subcultured organisms after irradiation showed unaffected karyotype. The present findings suggest that the karyotype of a Leishmnnia strain is so stable that it is not altered by temporary stimulation with heat, drugs, and radiation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2000

Pneumocystis carinii is a major opportunistic pathogen which has been found in the lungs of a wide variety of mammalian host species, and the fact suggests the possibility of intraspecific variation. Until now, P. carinii from different mammalian species are differentiated as subspecies, and the rats are known to be infected by two subspecies. The present study investigated genetic heterogeneity of P. carinii isolates from two strains of rats in Korea and China by molecular karyotyping, RFLP and sequencing analysis. Karyotypes of P. carinii were grouped into three, two from two strains of rats In Korea and one from rats in China. However RFLP of PCR product of ribosomal and MSG gene of the P. carinii isolates showed same pattern. The sequence homology rates of ${\alpha}-tubulin$ DNA of the P. carinii isolates were 96% in Seoul Wistar rats, 93% in Seoul Sprague-Dawley rats, and 85% in Chinese Sprague-Dawley rats. The present finding confirmed that P. carinii from rats in Korea are grouped into two karyotype strains which are different from that of P. carinii from rats in China. The Chinese isolate shows a little different sequences of ${\alpha}-tubulin$ DNA.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.271-275
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• 1999

Pneumocystis carinii is the most important opportunistic pathogen of humans in the world. Pneumocystis carinii is experimentally detected in the lungs of rats, mice, rabbits, and monkeys, however, the organisms from different mammals are identical in microscopic morphology. The present study tried to find out more mammalian hosts of P. carinii and also to differentiate the organisms from different mammals by karyotyping. Rats, mice, hamsters, rabbits, cats, and dogs were successfully infected by P. carinii, but guinea pigs and pigs were not. Karyotype of P. carinii from rabbits showed similar size range of chromosomes with that of the prototype, but in different pattern. The patterns from cats and dogs were also different from that of rats. The present study confirms that cats and dogs are infected by P. carinii and at least total three karyotype strains of P. carinii are proven in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 2011

The karyotype of the domestic dog is widely accepted as one of the difficult mammalian karyotypes to work. In contrast to many other animals, knowledge about the canine karyotype is quite sparse. The dog has a total of 78 chromosomes; all 76 autosomes are acrocentric in morphology and show only a gradual decrease in length. But appear to be quite small and difficult to identify unambiguously. To purchased standardization of chromosome in Korea native dog, there were analyzed by conventional trypsin/Giemsa staining (GTG-banding techniques), and were compared with 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 17 chromosome. There were no variations in karyotypes which were analyzed by conventional GTG-banding techniques, but differences were observed in G-banding patterns with Sapsaree, Jindo, Gyeongju DongGyeong dogs, Welshi-Corgi. It is not clear that these disagreements in G-banding patterns between strains of dog were caused by chromosome polymorphism or a difference in interpretation. Comparative analysis of the distribution patterns of conserved segments defined by dog paints in the genomes of the Korea native dogs demonstrates that their differences in the karyotypes of these three species could have resulted from acrocentric banding patterns.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 1999

CHEF-PFGE(Contour-Clarnped Homogeneous Electric field- Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis) was used to identify electrophoretic karyotype for eight strains belonging to the Fzisoriuni section Liseolo. Chromosome numbers were nine to thirteen bands, ranging in size Cram 0.75 to 6.45 Mb. The total genome size was eslimated to range from 38.19 Mb to 43.12 Mb and numerous chromosome-length polymorphisms (CLPs) were observed. For the chromosome localizalion of the gene, 1GS sequence(2.6 Kb) of rDNA from F: moniliforme, chs-2 gene(2.8 Kb) and 4 - 3 gene(3.8 Kb) from Neuuospora cmssa were wed as probes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.207-211
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• 2010

None of the numerous published canis idiogram and karyotypes has yet been generally accepted as a standard one because the dog has 76 acrocentric autosomes of similar size and shape. The karyotypes of DongGyeongi dog were analysed by conventional trypsin/Giemsa staining (GTG-banding techniques), and were compared with one another. There were no variations in karyotypes which were analysed by conventional GTG-banding techniques, but differences were observed in G-banding patterns with sapsaree (or canis familiaris strains). It is not clear that these disagreements in G-banding patterns between strains of dog were caused by chromosome polymorphism or a difference in interpretation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 1992

To observe the transmission patterns of karyotype of Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) by rat colonies, three strains of rats, Sprague-Dawlcy(SD), Wistar(W) and Fisher (F) from various animal vendors, were suppressed of their immunity by injection of methyl prednisolone. They were kept for 5 to 13 weeks in 3 different animal rooms, A, B, and C. The purified organisms were prepared in low melting point agarose gel by embedded Iysis method for pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Field inversion gel electrophoresis showed 2 patterns of the kart·otype of Pc. The rooms A and C contained SD rats from the source p, and also the room A was used for F and W rats. However, Pc from all of the SD and F rats in the room A showed same karyotypes, the pattern I. The SD rats from difFerent vendors, M and 5, were reared in the room B, and shared the same Pc karyotypes, the pattern II . The rats of W strain were from the vendor M, and immune-suppressed in the animal room A. Five weeks after the expe- riment, the Pc showed the karyotype pattern II but the pattern became mixed with the type I after 7 to 8 weeks. The Bindings revealed that the animals born and reared in the same animal quarter harbored Pc with same karyotypes. If the animals were kept under immune-suppression in the same room with heavily infected hosts, they could be infected by Pc from their neighbors. The present experimental findings suggest that Pc is transmitted among rats through the air.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.112-118
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• 1999

Strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici isolated from Korea, Japan and U.S.A. were used for electrophoretic karyotype (EK) analysis. Chromosome separations on FastLane agarose gels (FMC BioProducts, Rockland, ME), called pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), were performed by CHEF-DRII apparatus (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Melville, NY) using TAE as a running buffer. To obtain optimal condition for separation of chromosome sized DNAs, variable running conditions such as field strengths, swithching intervals, and running time were applied in CHEF gel electrophoresis. We were able to resolve 9 to 11 chromosome sized DNAs ranging in size from 0.76 to 6.41 Mb in isolates from Korea and estimate that the total genome size was ranging from 35.29 to 38.92 Mb. Distinct differences in length range and genome size exist among isolates from different countries. Isolates from Japan and U.S.A. were resolved 9 to 11 chromosome sized DNAs ranging in size from 1.24 to 6.85 Mb and estimated that the total genome size was ranging from 35.32 to 43.87 Mb. Isolates from variable provinces in Korea had the same or similar chromosomal polymorphism and showed different chromosomal DNA patterns compared to isolates from the other countries.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 1992

Molecular karyotyping was applied to Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) from two strains of experimental rats, Sprague Dawley(SD) and Fisher(F), in Korea. Field inversion gel electrophoresis and contour clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis resolved 15 chromosomal bands from the Pc. The size of the bands was estimated 270kb to 684kb from SD rats, and 273kb to 713 kb from F rats. The bands of 283 kb from SD rats and of 273 kb from F rats stained more brightly suggesting duplicated bands. Total number of chromosomes was at least 16, and total genomic size was estimated 7×106 bp. All of the bands from F rats hybridized to the probe of repeated DNA sequences of Pc and the band of 448 kb size was proved to contain rDNA sequences, but Pc. chromosome bands from SD rats showed no reactions to the probes. The 2 different karyotypes of p. carinii from 2 strains of rats were maintained consistently for 2 years.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.212-220
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• 2001

Rare mating was used to select a respiratory deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae HDC52 strain. Glucoamylase gene of S. diastaticus K114 was developed into the RD mutant which could uptake maximum amount of non-fermentable sugars through the expression of glu- coamplyase gene and the fermentation characteristics of the developed strain HCS were investigated. The size of HCS yeast and HBD52 yeast strain were 13 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ respectively. HCS strain which can uptake maximum amount of non-fermentable sugar through the expression of glucoamylase gene was developed. By karyotype anal- ysis. HCS stain but not RD mutant HBC52 showed a band of 1150 kb chromosome DNA This band should include glcoamylase gene from Saccharomyces diataticus K114 THis strain has glucoamylase which can degrade starch By transduction and contrnuance of glucoamylase gene HCS strain gegraded strach and formed halo. Also, HCS strain maintained the character after 50 generations. Glucoamylase activities of Saccharomyces diastaticus K114 and HCS yeast strains are 9.5 and 2.7~3.4(unit/ml) HCS and HBC52 strain showed similar sugar fermentation patterns and low flocculation In spore and film forming test, HCS and HBC52 strain formed neither spores nor films. In the limit fermentation test, HBC52 strain showed fermentation level of 68% and HCS strain showed 76~78% As the limit attenuation of HBC52 and HCS were ($2.00^{\circ}$P) and ($0.7~0.93^{\circ}$P) This study demon- strates and HCS strain may be used for low carbohydrate beer fermentation.