• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.1 s.307
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• pp.53-66
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• 2006

This paper proposes the combined image retrieval system that gives the same relevance as exhaustive search method while its performance can be considerably improved. This system is combined with two different retrieval methods and each gives the same results that full exhaustive search method does. Both of them are two-stage method. One uses condensation of feature vectors, and the other uses binary-tree clustering. These two methods extract the candidate images that always include correct answers at the first stage, and then filter out the incorrect images at the second stage. Inasmuch as these methods use equal algorithm, they can get the same result as full exhaustive search. The first method condenses the dimension of feature vectors, and it uses these condensed feature vectors to compute similarity of query and images in database. It can be found that there is an optimal condensation ratio which minimizes the overall retrieval time. The optimal ratio is applied to first stage of this method. Binary-tree clustering method, searching with recursive 2-means clustering, classifies each cluster dynamically with the same radius. For preserving relevance, its range of query has to be compensated at first stage. After candidate clusters were selected, final results are retrieved by computing similarities again at second stage. The proposed method is combined with above two methods. Because they are not dependent on each other, combined retrieval system can make a remarkable progress in performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1719-1724
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• 2002

An investigation was made to evaluate the native range of western India in terms of nutrient supply during different physiological stages in goats. One hundred female and 5 male Kutchi adult goats were grazed on a 35 ha plot of native range. They were maintained on sole grazing. Four experiments, one in a defined physiological stage was carried out. Stage I, when maximum number of females were bred; stage II, when bucks were used for breeding purpose; stage III, 3-months old (weaner) kids were allowed to graze on ranges and stage IV, when the goats were in early stage of lactation. During oestrous period, diet contained 15.2% crude protein (CP), 54.0% neutral detergent fibre (NDF), 31.5% acid detergent fibre (ADF) and 12.6% acid detergent lignin (ADL). Digestibility coefficient of dry matter (DM), CP, NDF and ADF was 0.586,0.531, 0.431 and 0.239, respectively. DM, digestible crude protein (DCP) and metabolizable energy (ME) intakes were $82.7,\;6.71g\;kg^{-1}\;W^{0.75}$ and $0.99MJ\;kg^{-1}\;W^{0.75}$. Diet of buck was constituted by $230g\;kg^{-1}$ DM of grasses and forb and $770g\;kg^{-1}$ DM of tree foliage. CP, NDF, ADF and ADL contents of the diet were 13.6, 57.8, 43.5 and 20.0%, respectively. DM, DCP and ME intakes were $57.9,\;4.13g\;kg^{-1}\;W^{0.75}$ and $0.82MJ\;kg^{-1}\;W^{0.75}$. Digestibility coefficient of CP, NDF and ADF were 0.496, 0.432 and 0.346, respectively. Diet of kids was constituted by Prosopis cineraria ($900g\;kg^{-1}DM$) and Zizyphus nummularia ($100g\;kg^{-1}DM$) leaves. Digestibility of CP, NDF and ADF were 0.456, 0.415 and 0.201, respectively. DM, DCP and ME intakes were $85.8,\;6.44g\;kg^{-1}\;W^{0.75}$ and $1.22MJ\;kg^{-1}\;W^{0.75}$. Lactation phase of goat fell between October-December and tree foliage formed the major portion of the diet. Diet of lactating goat contained only 6.8% CP and 16.5% ADL. Digestibility of DM, CP, NDF and ADF was 0.567, 0.221, 0.307 and 0.233, respectively. DM, DCP and ME intakes were $108.2,\;1.62g\;kg^{-1}\;W^{0.75}$ and $1.50MJ\;kg^{-1}\;W^{0.75}$, respectively. Present study establishes that goats on semiarid range with sufficient number of fodder trees were able to meet the nutrient requirement of ewes during oestrous and bucks during breeding season. However, during lactation and active growth phase, only DM requirement is met. Thus, it is recommended to supplement concentrate mixture to goats grazing on range during lactation and growth phase.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 1990

In mature stand of Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis(S. et Z.) Gordon) planted in 1925, heartrot damage was investigated by felling some infected trees with fruit bodies of two butt-rot fungi, Phaeolus schweinitzii and Sparassis crispa. Percentage of heartrot area on basal area of decay trees was 19.2-74.4, and the height reached by the decay was 1.2-5.5m. Percentage of decay volume was in the range of 2.2-13.4%, but the loss wood to the height reached by the decay amounted to 27.2% (range 13.1-37.1%) of whole volume, Decay damage caused by S. crispa was much greater than that caused by P. schweinitzii. Compressive strength ($52-77kg/cm^2$) and specific gravity (0.40-0.47) of rot wood was reduced to 77% and 39% respectively in maximum as compared to sound wood of healthy tree, and those of sound-looking wood close by heartrot to 42% and 26%. The current annual growth of trees with decay was fallen behind that of sound tree from eight to fourteen years after planting in D. B. H. and from twelve to twenty-one years after in volume.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2011

Phylogenetic relationships of Jeju dogs to other domestic and foreign dog breeds were assessed using mtDNA D-loop sequences. Neighbor-joining trees were constructed using complete sequences (970 bp excluding the tandem repeat region) determined for five Cheju, four Jindo, four Sapsaree, five Pungsan, two of each East and West Laika dogs (Canis familiaris), two gray wolves (Canis lupus) and two coyotes (Canis latrans) and also published complete sequences for dogs. Coyote sequences were used as outgroups. In addition, a total of 214 haplotypes of 598bp D-loop sequences from 30 dog breeds were collected from GenBank and used to investigate genetic structure of population. In the analyses of full D-loop sequence variation and the phylogenetic trees constructed by neighbor-joining method, neither haplotypes nor clades specific for any domestic dog breeds were observed. The inter-species sequence variation (4.51%) between domestic dogs and wolves was much higher than the intra-species sequence variation within domestic dogs (1.63%) and wolves (3.64%). The divergence of the dog and wolf occurred approximately 1~2 million years ago based on these values. The taxa of Jeju dog breed in the phylogenetic tree are clustered separately and intermingled with other taxa of breeds, suggesting that active crossbreeding of Jeju dogs with other domestic breeds.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

The efficacy of petroleum spray oil (PSO; D-C Tron $Plus^{(R)}$) against spirea aphid (Aphis citricola) and two scales (lcerya purchasi and Planococcus cryptus) on citrus was tested in Jeju, Korea. The control value of 0.33% PSO against spirea aphid was over 90% at 3 and 6 days after treatment (DAT), and then decreased to about 80% at 9 and 14 DAT. Spraying of PSO (0.33, 0.66, 1%) against cottony-cushion scale showed a much lower control value (less than 50%) during the investigation period compared to that of the conventional pesticide (Methion). When used against tile scale, Planococcus cryptus, the control value of 1% PSO was 95%, but that of 0.33% and 0.66% PSO only ranged from 50 to 80%, lower than the conventional pesticide. The results of this study, as with a previous study, suggest that spraying of 0.33% and 0.5% PSO not only controls the spirea aphid, but also reduces the density of two scales (lcerya purchasi and Planococcus cryptus) on citrus tree in Jeju, without phytotoxic damage.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2007

An efficient regeneration system was developed using leaf, petiole, and internode explants. Highly embryogenic callus was obtained following cultivation on MS basal nutrient supplemented with 2 $mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D. Globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledon shaped somatic embryo were produced from the surface of embryogenic callus. Direct shoot regeneration without intermediate callus formation has been achieved on MS medium supplemented NAA and BAP. The percentage of response varies with different concentration of auxin and cytokinin treated individually or in combination. The best shoot regeneration response (54.28%) and number of shoot per explant (12.67) were achieved on the medium supplemented with 0.1 $mg/{\ell}$ NAA and 1 $mg/{\ell}$ BAP. The regenerated shoot transformed into young plant when cultured into elongation and root induction medium. More than 90% of in vitro propagated plants could survive when transferred to the greenhouse for acclimation. This optimized regeneration system can be used for rapid shoot proliferation and genetic transformation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.387-392
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• 2011

To investigate the molecular scavenging capabilities of the larvae of Hermetia illucens, two serine proteases (SPs) were cloned and characterized. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic tree analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of Hi-SP1 and Hi-SP2 were suggested that Hi-SP1 may be a chymotrypsin- and Hi-SP2 may be a trypsin-like protease. Hi-SP1 and Hi-SP2 3-D homology models revealed that a catalytic triad, three disulfide bonds, and a substrate-binding pocket were highly conserved, as would be expected of a SP. E. coli expressed Hi-SP1 and Hi-SP2 showed chymotrypsin or trypsin activities, respectively. Hi-SP2 mRNAs were consistently expressed during larval development. In contrast, the expression of Hi-SP1 mRNA fluctuated between feeding and molting stages and disappeared at the pupal stages. These expression pattern differences suggest that Hi-SP1 may be a larval specific chymotrypsin-like protease involved with food digestion, while Hi-SP2 may be a trypsin-like protease with diverse functions at different stages.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.947-953
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• 2008

We studied genetic diversity and relationships among Mongolian goat populations on the basis of microsatellite DNA polymorphisms. DNA samples from eight populations (Bayandelger, Ulgii Red, Zavkhan Buural, Sumber, Zalaajinst White, Erchim Black, Dorgon, and Gobi Gurvan Saikhan) from geographically distinct areas of Mongolia were analyzed by using 10 microsatellite DNA markers. Since the 10 markers were highly polymorphic, the genetic characteristics of these native goat populations could be estimated. Genetic diversity within populations, as estimated by the expected heterozygosities, was high, ranging from 0.719 to 0.746, but genetic differentiation between populations was low, representing only 1.7% of the total genetic variation. The results suggest that Mongolian native goat populations still have a semi-wild genetic structure reflecting traditional Mongolian nomadism and the short history of artificial selection. The genetic relationships among the populations were not clear in the neighbor-joining tree generated from the modified Cavalli-Sforza chord genetic distances. By using principal components analysis, the five core populations of Mongolian native goats (Bayandelger, Ulgii Red, Zavkhan Buural, Sumber, and Dorgon) and the populations crossed with Russian breeds (Zalaajinst White, Erchim Black, and Gobi Gurvan Saikhan) were distinguished. There was no correlation between genetic relationships among the populations and the geographical distribution of the populations.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2018

Juglans mandshurica is a fast growing hard species, which is a tree in family of Juglandaceae and has a wide distribution in China, Korea and eastern Russia. Plant materials from J. mandshurica have extensively been used in folk medicines to prevent or cure gastric, esophageal, lung and cardiac cancer. As one chain of our searching for anticomplementary agents from natural sources, two epimeric ellagitannins, [2,3-O-4,4',5,5',6,6',-hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP))-(${\alpha},{\beta}$)-D-glucose] (I) and pedunculagin (II) were purified from 70% acetone extracts of the stem barks of J. mandshurica by Thin Layer Chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography approaches. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by MS, NMR, and a careful comparation with published literatures. The epimeric ellagitannins I and II exhibited inhibitory properties against a classical pathway of complementary system with 50 % inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) values of 65.3 and $47.7{\mu}M$, respectively, comparing with riliroside ($IC_{50}=104{\mu}M$) and rosmarinic acid ($IC_{50}=182{\mu}M$), which were used as positive controls. Thus, the work indicated both the two secondary metabolites possess excellent inhibitory activity and might be developed as potential anticomplementary chemicals.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.494-499
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• 2004

A method for long-term conservation of somatic embryos of Eleutherococcus senticosos was described. Suspension cultured globular somatic embryos were successfully conservated for 36 months at $4^{\circ}C$. The embryos resumed growth within two weeks when returned to MS liquid medium containing $0.2\;mg/{\ell}$. 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. The optimal condition for cell proliferation was achieved when somatic embryos cultured at $32^{\circ}C$ in 1/3 MS liquid medium, and about 1.2 g of embryogenic cell was induced from 150 globular embryos after 6 weeks of suspension culture. The embryogenic cells produced from these somatic embryos exhibited normal plant regeneration on auxin-free medium.