• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

In the environment that the complex conditions need to be satisfied, skyline query have been applied to various field. To processing a skyline query in centralized scheme, several techniques have been suggested and recently map/reduce platform based approaches has been proposed which divides data space into multiple partitions for the vast volume of multidimensional data. However, the performances of these approaches are fluctuated due to the uneven data loading between servers and redundant tasks. Motivated by these issues, this paper suggests a novel technique called MR-DEAP which solves the uneven data loading using the random sampling. The experimental result gains the proposed MR-DEAP outperforms MR-Angular and MR-BNL scheme.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

This experiment first cloned some microsatellite sequences for goose species by magnetic beads enriched method and studied the genetic structure research of 14 indigenous grey goose breeds using 19 developed and 12 searched microsatellite markers with middle polymorphism. According to the allele frequencies of 31 microsatellite sites, mean heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC) and $D_A$ genetic distances were calculated for 31-microsatellite sites. The results showed that 25 of 31microsatellite sites were middle polymorphic, so the 25 microsatellite markers were effective markers for analysis of genetic relationship among goose breeds. The mean heterozygosity was between 0.4985 and 0.6916. The highest was in the Xupu (0.6916), and in the Yan was the lowest (0.4985) which was consistent with that of PIC. The phylogenetic tree was completed through analysis of UPGMA. Fencheng Grey, Shoutou, Yangjiang and Magang were grouped firstly, then Xongguo Grey, Wugang Tong, Changle and Youjiang were the second group; Gang, Yan Xupu and Yili were the third group; Yongkang Grey and Wuzeng were the fourth group. The results could provide basic molecular data for the research on the characteristics of local breeds in the eastern China, and a scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of those breeds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 1985

A computer program for stem analysis has been prepared by using BASIC language. Annual-ring counts and other input data can be directly entered for necessary calculation, and outputs are data lists, cross-section areas, age-height relationships, growth rates, total, annual, and mean increments of height, D.B.H. and volume for an individual tree. The sectional log volumes are calculated by Huber's formula, and the growth rates by Pressler's in this program. A copy of the program listing is in appendix I.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2007

This study aims to clarify the effect of forest management practices(thinning and pruning) on soil physical properties and water quality to get the fundamental information on the facility of purifying water quality after forestry practices. Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, soil and stream water were sampled at the study site which consists of Pinus rigida in Jinju National University Experimental Forest for 4 years from Mar. 1, 2002 to Nov. 30, 2006. Averaged tree height of the management site increased by 1.6m, compared to the value of the non-management site in Pinus rigida. Increment of averaged D. B. H. at the management site showed 4.2cm more in Pinus rigida compared with that at non-management sites. Mesopore ratios (pF2.7) and total porosities of A layer soil at the management site increased more than those at the non-management sites in both stands. Otherwise, soil bulk density resulted in being reversely. Water qualities of throughfall, stemflow and buffered soil water were influenced more positively by the management practice. The average electrical conductivity of stream water was $32.9{\mu}S/cm$ within the range of non-polluted stream water.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2008

The Purpose of this study was to offer the raw data for drawing up the conservation plan by analysing natural vegetation in Midongsan, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. The period of survey was from July to October, 2004 and the size of plot was 100$m^2$. In the results of analyzing the physical environments, the range of altitude was 303${\sim}$550m and soil pH was 5.4${\sim}$6.8. The angle of slope was 3${\sim}$57% and topographical factor was composed of ridgeline. In the results of analyzing a importance percentage, the dominant species in tree layer, Pinus rigida, P. densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima, P. rigida, Q. mongolica, Q. acutissima, Platycarya strobilacea and Q. variabilis in subtree layer, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Symplocos chinensis for pilosa, Lindera obtusiloba, L. erythrocarpa, Rhus trichocarpa and Weigela subsessilis in shrub layer. In the results of species diversity index, species diversity (H') was from 1.2401 to 2.5540, maximum species diversity (H'max), from 1.9459 to 2.8904, evenness (J'), from 0.5644 to 0.8836, dominance (D), from 0.1164 to 0.4356.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.209-221
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• 2010

This study was carried out to apply basic data of the native trees for planting in the salinity area by the vegetation ecological selection. Which focused on native woody species to the tolerances of saline soil and salt spray drift on the coastal forests in the West-Sea, Korea. The soil salinity($EC_{1:5}$) was 0.11dS$m^{-1}$, ranging of 0.00dS$m^{-1}$~0.68dS$m^{-1}$. The soil salinity was gradually decreasing from Belt I to Belt Ⅳ except the Belt I in some coastal windbreaks. The order of decreasing soil salinity was Belt I>Belt II>Belt III>Belt Ⅳ and the soil salinity was $EC_{1:5}$ 0.14dS$m^{-1}$, 0.11dS$m^{-1}$, 0.10dS$m^{-1}$, and 0.08dS$m^{-1}$, respectively. The total 181 taxa consisted of 52 families, 104 genus, 157 species, and 24 varieties were recorded as the trees tolerating to both soil salinity and salt spray drift. The trees emerged in the highest degree of salinity($EC_{1:5}$ 0.51dS$m^{-1}$) was nothing but appearanced Pinus thunbergii Parl., Smilax china L., Quercus dentata Thunb. ex Murray, Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray and so on at the level of singular and ideal value. The emerged trees in the high salinity of $EC_{1:5}$0.41dS$m^{-1}$~0.50dS$m^{-1}$ were Albizia kalkora Prain, Melia azedarach L., Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. var. scandens These species were trees of tolerance to saline soil. The emerged woody species in all belts were Pinus rigida Mill., Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc., Pinus thunbergii Parl., Juniperus rigida Siebold & Zucc. and so on. The woody species with high important value(I.V.) were Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc., Pinus thunbergii Parl., Pseudosasa japonica (Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.) Makino, Smilax china L., Platycarya strobilacea Siebold & Zucc. var. strobilacea for. strobilacea and so on, which can be classified as highly tolerant native trees to salt spray drift.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2015

The preservation has been conducted for wooden ship timber excavated from Bonghwang-Dong, Gimhae, Korea. The species were analyzed for conservation as pre-treatment. Outer panel was analyzed as Cinnamomum spp. and trapezoid wooden material, wooden wedge was Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.. Wooden ship timber have been treated by vacuum-freeze drying after impregnation with aqueous PEG#3,350 solution(almost 45%). The timber of Bonghwang-Dong ship is considered as Japanese ship that many data such as conformation of ship, location of site, japanese artifact of around site were confirmed. In addition, The ship timber give us the important information about the international trade with Japan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 1973

Volume increment and estimation of future growth of pitch pine stand at age of 16 were analyzed based on the stand table method. The diameter growth survey was made by the Meyer's Increment Borer method which was based on the volume formular made on the single tree volume. The formular is V=0.000058D $^{1.6}{\times}H^{1.1}$ This survey was made based on the 95% reliability surveyed on the 339 trees in the 0.33ha of sample plot espicially set up. (1) Linear regression over annual diameter growth for the diameter is as follows; y=0.1618+0.0298x (2) Ninety percent of the total trees, in the diameter distribution of 2cm round off, each increased one step in diameter. (3) Stand volume increment percentage shows 16%. (4) The increment of stand volume for 5 years shows 46% of increment rate.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.177-194
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• 2007

Index selection is one of the most important decisions to take in the physical design of relational data warehouses. Indices reduce significantly the cost of processing complex OLAP queries, but require storage cost and induce maintenance overhead. Two main types of indices are available: mono-attribute indices (e.g., B-tree, bitmap, hash, etc.) and multi-attribute indices (join indices, bitmap join indices). To optimize star join queries characterized by joins between a large fact table and multiple dimension tables and selections on dimension tables, bitmap join indices are well adapted. They require less storage cost due to their binary representation. However, selecting these indices is a difficult task due to the exponential number of candidate attributes to be indexed. Most of approaches for index selection follow two main steps: (1) pruning the search space (i.e., reducing the number of candidate attributes) and (2) selecting indices using the pruned search space. In this paper, we first propose a data mining driven approach to prune the search space of bitmap join index selection problem. As opposed to an existing our technique that only uses frequency of attributes in queries as a pruning metric, our technique uses not only frequencies, but also other parameters such as the size of dimension tables involved in the indexing process, size of each dimension tuple, and page size on disk. We then define a greedy algorithm to select bitmap join indices that minimize processing cost and verify storage constraint. Finally, in order to evaluate the efficiency of our approach, we compare it with some existing techniques.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.3
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• pp.284-293
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• 2016

In order to assess th changes in vegetation characteristics over time in the forest-lands which is isolated by urbanization, vegetation surveys based on the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological method was carried out in 1996 and 2015 on Mt. Hwangyeong located in the center of Busan metropolitan city, South Korea. The number of vegetation types based on floristic composition showed no significant changes, the vegetation units under the community levels was more or less represents the difference. the average total vegetation cover and average number of species per unit area ($100m^2$) was increased 16% and 2 species, respectively. The relative importance value (RIV) for each tree species, Quercus spp. like as Q. mongolica and Q. serrata was decreased, while the warmth-tolerant trees, evergreen broad-leaved trees, and mesophyte like Lindera erythrocarpa, Styrax japonica, Osmanthus heterophyllus, and Stephanandra incisa was increased significantly. Changes of the life form spectrums of vascular plants did not substantially, hemicryptophyte(H) and therophyte (Th) was decreased, while nanophanerophyte(N) was increased significantly. Also through the creating of large-scale vegetation map (based on physiognomic vegetation types) was compared the spatial distribution characteristics of each vegetation types.