• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.151-160
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate perception of good death among the community-dwelling elderly and identify factors related to the perception. Methods: A questionnaire survey was carried out using a convenient sampling method (N=317). Data were analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Participants scored an average of 3.35 on a 4-point scale for the perception level of good death. They scored higher on the factor of personal control that other factors affecting the perception. Good death was positively correlated with family support (r=0.252). Family support (${\beta}$=0.287) and gender (${\beta}$=0.197) significantly influenced the elderly's perception of good death. These variables accounted for 10.2% of the total variance. Conclusion: The results show that family support is an important factor for the perception of good death among the elderly. Therefore, family support should be carefully considered to ensure good death for more senior citizens. Our findings can be utilized to support programs such as death education for the elderly.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.1053-1059
• /
• 2017

Burdock powder (BP) has shown diverse functional activities; thus, it seems a good way to increase its consumption by incorporating BP into suitable food products such as cookies. Studies were carried out on cookies prepared by incorporating BP (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) into wheat flour. The cookie dough and cookies were evaluated for their physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics. The pH and density of cookie doughs ranged from 6.70-6.85 and 1.19-1.21, respectively, with no remarkable differences. Moisture content and spread factor of cookies appeared to increase with higher content of BP in the formulation but did not show significant differences (p>0.05). For color values of cookie surface, $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$-values significantly decreased as a result of BP substitution (p<0.05). The cookies became crispier as indicated by the reduction in the breaking strength value from 26.71 to 17.83 N. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were significantly increased (p<0.05) with higher substitution of BP, and they were well correlated. Hedonic sensory results indicated that cookies supplemented with 2% BP received the most favorable acceptance scores for all sensory attributes evaluated. Overall, cookies with BP could be developed with improved physicochemical qualities as well as consumer acceptability.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.224-231
• /
• 2010

In GvdW EOS, a recently presented paper, shows that the characteristic status for spherical non-linear particle, of which the mutual behavior is known to be vdWf(van der Waals force) only, could be described well enough in the critical region. However, in current papers, analysis has not been done on GvdW about whether it is accurate or not, even for the particles in the linear form or those with the additional mutual behavior such as static-electricity, so there's some argument about the wide use of that. Therefore, in this paper, for the simulation in the critical region of Normal-alkane group(R=methane, ethane, propane, butane) which are the particles that has a linear charateristic and Normal-amine group($RNH_2$, R=methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-amine) where static-electricity is extremely shown, GvdW parameter values about these particles are defined, and based on this simulation, we compared results to the current EOS presented recently, and analyzed them. Through the simulation, it was shown that in case of Normal-alkane group and Normal-amine group molecules, GvdW presents an accurate critical region characteristic which is far more close to the measurement compared to current EOSs. Especially for butane with big amount in molecules, we found out that only GvdW EOS can reach close enough to the critical point.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 1982

This experiment was carried out to improve the cultural practices of seedlings and to investigate the proper planting density in aromatic tobacco, Sohang. Two different cultural practices of seedling were employed; Temporary transplanting (TT; Conventional practices) and non temporary transplanting (N.T.). Vinyl pot sizes were $3.5cm{\times}3.5cm, \;4cm{\times}4cm$ and $5cm{\times}5cm$ Plants per hole were 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. There were little difference among the vinyl pot sizes in all characters except the survival ratio. But it may be little problem on cultural practices by 7 plants per hole in $5cm\times$5cm vinyl pot. There were not significant in price per kg, yield per 10a and value per 10a between two cultural practices of seedlings and among three pot sizes. Mildness and filling power were increased by increasing the plants per hole. Combustibility of 5-9 plants were better than those of 1-3 plants per hole. The growing of 6 seedlings per hole in $5cm\times$5cm vinyl pot by non temporary transplanting resulted the best cultural practices for an aromatic tobacco, Sohyang.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 1969

The study on physico-chemical characteristics of the acid sulfate soil present in Kimhae plain was carried out with 28 surface and subsoils from lower and higher produtive area and two representative profile samples from the areas reclaimed a few decades ago and around 10 years ago respectively. 1. There are no differences in soil texture between lower and higher productive soils being mostly silty clay loam and silty clay. 2. Very significant differences in pH, degree of base saturation and extractable aluminium content are observed; lower pH, lower degree of base saturation and higher aluminium in the lower productive soils and subsoils. The pH and degree of base saturation of these soils are extremely low whereas aluminium content is very high compared to ordinary paddy soil. 3. Cation exchange capacity of these soils are slightly higher than ordinary paddy soils. In higher productive soils, exchangeable calcium and magnesium are of same order, whereas in lower productive soils magnesium content is appreciably higher than calcium. 4. Though the soil is derived from marine and estuarine sediment, the soluble salt content is not high. There are only few lower productive surface soils and subsoils having Ec values of the saturation extracts higher than 4 mmhos but lower than 9 mmhos/cm. 5. Organic matter content of these soils is a bit higher compared to ordinary paddy soils, but, nitrogen content is comparatively low. C/N ratio of these soils is around 12. 6. Sulfur content is considerably higher but oxidizable sulfur is found to be very low. Total sulfur is generally high in subsoils and lower productive soils. 7. Active iron and available silica are slightly higher than ordinary paddy soils but easily reducible manganese is very low. Almost no differences are also observed between lower and higher productive soils. 8. Available phosphorus content is extremely low in particular, regardless of higher or lower productive soils. 9. The two representative profiles from the area of earlier reclamation and recent one show that samples from earlier reclaimed area contain less amount of free acids, sulfur compounds, toxic aluminium and soluble salts etc. than the other. This indicate greater leaching and possible addition of lime for a longer period of time. 10. From the results obtained, it can be concluded the higher productivity of group I soils is due to the greater leaching and neutralisation of acidity by liming materials, It can also be concluded that the productivity of both types can be increased by addition of liming materials and improvement of drainage facilities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 1996

The study was carried out to identify the characteristics of leafy shapes, and to establish the cultural practices such as shading condition, fertilization method, and planting distance of Cirsium nipponicum. Leaf shapes in this plant consist of two kinds, lobation and non-lobation which has two spur type showing large and small spur. Protein band patterns showed that a new protein band in non-lobation with large spur was appeared at the 116.4kDa. For shading condition and fertilization method, number of stems in non-shading and organic matter treatment was higher than that of shading 55% with 3.7. Fresh leaf yield on non-shading and organic matter treatment was higher than that of other treatments. Growth characteristics of leaf number was increased in the $60\times30cm$ treatment, but was redeuced to some extent compared with $60\times45cm$. To increase the fresh leaf yield, the optimum planting distance was $30\times20cm$ with 4,100kg/10a.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2016

Motion detection algorithms based on difference image are classified into background subtraction and previous frame subtraction. 1) Background subtraction is a convenient and effective method for detecting foreground objects in a stationary background. However in real world scenarios, especially outdoors, this restriction, (i.e., stationary background) often turns out to be impractical since the background may not be stable. 2) Previous frame subtraction is a simple technique for detecting motion in an image. The difference between two frames depends upon the amount of motion that occurs from one frame to the next. Both these straightforward methods fail when the object moves very "slightly and slowly". In order to efficiently deal with the problem, in this paper we present an algorithm for motion detection that incorporates "reflected light area" and "difference image". This reflected light area is generated during the frame production process. It processes multiplex difference image and AND-arithmetic of bitwise. This process incorporates the accuracy of background subtraction and environmental adaptability of previous frame subtraction and reduces noise generation. Also, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by the performance assessment of each method using Gait database sample of CASIA.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.160-168
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of induced wet-injury conditions on barley seedling growth. Barley seedlings at the three leaf stage were grown in culture solutions with various combinations of dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients and citric acid (CA) concentrations. Seedling growth was reduced by hypoxia. Root length and root fresh weight were most severely reduced under 1 ppm DO. Shoot growth was slightly reduced but not root growth under low nutrient condition. Seedling growth was reduced by CA in a concentration-dependant manner, Response of seedling growth was efficiently differentiated in a solution containing 1 ppm DO, one tenth of the normal P, K and Mg concentration and 3 mM CA. Under this induced wet-injury condition, overall seedling growth of 6 cultivars was reduced by 11 to 19% compared to the control condition. The results suggest that the induced wet-injury condition can be used for the screening of resistant genotypes at the seedling stage.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.26 no.9
• /
• pp.1166-1176
• /
• 1999

연속 매체, 특히 비디오 데이타에 대한 일반 사용자 연산에는 재생뿐만 아니라 임의 속도 탐색 연산, 정지 연산, 그리고 그 외 다양한 연산이 있다. 이 연산 중에서 원하는 화면을 빨리 찾는 데에 유용한 고속 전진(FF: fast-forward)과 고속 후진(FB: fast-backward)은 재생 연산과는 달리 비순차적인 디스크 접근을 요구한다. 이러한 경우에 디스크 부하가 균등하지 않으면 일부 디스크에 접근이 편중되어 서비스 품질이 떨어진다. 본 논문에서는 디스크 배열을 이용한 저장 시스템에서 디스크 접근을 고르게 분산시키기 위하여 '소수 라운드 로빈(PRR: Prime Round Robin)' 방식으로 연속 매체를 디스크에 배치하는 기법에서 문제가 됐던 낭비된 디스크 저장 공간을 신뢰도 향상을 위해서 사용하는 '그룹화된 패리티를 갖는 소수 라운드 로빈(PRRgp: PRR with Grouped Parities)' 방식을 제안한다. 이 기법은 PRR 기법처럼 임의 속도 검색 연산에 있어서 디스크 배열을 구성하는 모든 디스크의 부하를 균등하게 할뿐만 아니라 낭비됐던 디스크 저장 공간에 신뢰도를 높이기 위한 패리티 정보를 저장함으로서 신뢰도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 신뢰도 모델링 방법으로 조합 모델과 마르코프 모델을 이용해서 결함발생율과 결함복구율을 고려한 신뢰도를 산출하고 비교.분석한다. PRR 기법으로 연속 매체를 저장하고 낭비되는 공간에 패리티 정보를 저장할 경우에 동시에 두 개 이상의 결함 발생 시에 그 결함으로부터 복구가 불가능하지만 PRRgp 기법에서는 약 30% 이상의경우에 대해서 동시에 두 개의 결함 발생 시에 저장한 패리티 정보를 이용한 복구가 가능할 뿐만 아니라 패리티 그룹의 수가 두 개 이상인 경우에는 두 개 이상의 결함에 대해서도 복구가 가능하다.Abstract End-user operations on continuous media (say video data) consist of arbitrary-rate search, pause, and others as well as normal-rate play. FF(fast-forward) / FB(fast-backward) among those operations are desirable to find out the scene of interest but they require non-sequential access of disks. When accesses are clustered to several disks without considering load balance, high quality services in playback may not be available. In this paper, we propose a new disk placement scheme, called PRRgp(Prime Round Robin with Grouped Parities), with enhanced reliability by using the wasted disk storage space in an old one(PRR: Prime Round Robin), in which continuous media are placed on a disk array based storage systems to distribute disk accesses uniformly. The PRRgp can not only achieve load balance of disks consisting of a disk array under arbitrary-rate search like PRR, but also improve reliability by storing parity information on the wasted disk space appropriately. We use combinatorial and Markov models to evaluate the reliability for a disk array and to analyze the results. When continuous media like PRR are placed and parity information on the wasted disk space is stored, we cannot tolerate more than two simultaneous faults. But they can be recovered by using stored parity information for about 30 percent as a whole in case of PRRgp presented in this paper. In addition, more than two faults can be tolerated in case there are more than two parity groups.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate propagation characteristics of seedling and rhizome in Epimedium koreanum NAKAI. Seed germination essentially needed after-ripening duration after harvesting for 250days and more by stratification. At $20^{\circ}C$ seed emergence days and root length were 8 and 0.46cm respectively. The above-ground part of E. koreanum grew until 60days after root cutting and the underground part of it grew after that time. The optimum amount of organic fertilizer was fermented cow-manure with husk 2,000kg/10a that showed $57.5cm^2$ in leaf area per plant, 6.2cm in new rhizome length, and 0.43% in icariin content, an index component of E. koreanum, while inorganic N-fertilizer made E. koreanum worse as it increased. In nutriculture extruded rice hull media was better for growth than perlite media at 1/2 NHRI solution.