• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 1978

This experiment was made to select the optimum thickness of the polyethylene (P.E) film for Cheongdo Bansi and Sagoksi in the P.E film storage kept at $0^{\circ}C$. The experimental plots were divided into 4 plots by film thickness (0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10mm) and those were subdivided into 3 plots by fruits number (3, 10 and 50 persimmons) in each film bags. We investigated five experimental items; the change of loss of weight, firmness, titratable acidity, sugar contents and soluble tannin contents. 1. In the changes of loss of weight, the plot of packing in 0.04mm P.E. film bag with 50 persimmons were more retarded than other plots in Cheongdo Bansi, and packing in 0.08mm with 10 persimmons, 0.04 mm with 50 persimmons were more retarded than other plots in Sagoksi. 2. In the change of softening, the plot of packing in 0.04 mm with 50 persimmons were more retarded than other plots in Cheongdo Bansi and Sagkai. 3. In the changes of titratable acidity, the plot of packing in 0.04 mm with 50 persimmons were more slightly decreased than other plots in Cheongdo Bansu also in Sagoksi, packing in 0.06 mm with 10 persimmons were the same results. 4. In the changes of soluble tannin contents, the plots of packing in 0.06 mm with 10 persimmons, 0.04 mm with 50 perimmons were more ratarded in Chenongdo Bansi, also in Sagoksi, packing in 0.04 mm with 10 persimmons 50 persimmons were the same results. 5. In the changes of soluble tannin contents, the plots of packing in 0.04mm with 3 and 10 persimmons were more slowly decreased than other plots in Cheongdo Bansi and Sagoksi, on. the other hand, pcaking in 0.04mm with 50 persimmins in Cheongdo Bansi and Sagoksi, had not astringent taste at 120 days in storage. Judging through the upper results, the most desirable storage conditions for Cheongdo Bansi and Sagoksi were to pack in P.E film bag of 0.04mm with 50 persimmons.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2020

This study quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the physical environment for health promotion in urban parks by indicators that were selected in consideration of overseas cases and previous studies. To evenly distribute the areas to be evaluated by region, Seodaemun Independence Park, Hongneung Park, Gocheok Park, Sillim Park, Cheongdam Park, Gaepo Park, and Sungin Park were selected among the old neighborhood parks already established in Seoul. The evaluation indicators consist of quantitative indicators (12 factors classified into the three categories of the surrounding environment, the park characteristics, and the park facilities) and qualitative indicators (14 factors classified according to the five categories of accessibility, safety, convenience, activities, and amenities). These indicators were selected after conducting advisory meetings with experts in the field. The physical environment perception factors were evaluated by experts and investigators by field inspections and were rated on a three-point scale (high, medium, low). According to the results of the analysis, first, not only were exercise facilities and trails, but also various factors which support health activities, such as rest areas, leisure spots, and cultural facilities, as well as accessibility, cleanliness, and drinking water facilities are important indicators for health promotion. Second, even if the requirements are met for quantitative factors, several inconveniences hinder the actual implementation or use in the qualitative evaluation. Thus, both quantitative and qualitative evaluations must be simultaneously performed for the proper judging of the physical environment of a park. Third, upon conducting a qualitative evaluation of the physical environmental factors, score differences depended on the evaluated categories in each park. These differences show that indirect indicators, such as accessibility, safety, and facility convenience are insufficiently equipped compared to direct indicators, such as activity, which includes exercise facilities and fitness centers for health promotion. As the utilization rate of parks is increasing due to COVID-19, more efforts should be made to improve park services in the post-corona era. To promote such services, it is necessary to regularly evaluate parks based on both quantitative and qualitative indicators and to contemplate services not only through direct factors but also indirect factors and security measures.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1970

Very few articles are available on geologic structure and genesis of Sangdong scheelite-deposits in spite of the fact that the mine is one of the leading tungsten producer in the world. Sangdong scheelite deposits, embedded in Myobong slate of Cambrian age at the southem limb of the Hambaek syncline which strikes $N70{\sim}80^{\circ}W$ and dips $15{\sim}30^{\circ}$ northeast, comprise six parallel veins in coincide with the bedding plane of Myobong formation, namely four footwall veins, a main vein, and a hangingwall vein. Four footwall veins are discontinuous and diminish both directions in short distance and were worked at near surface in old time. Hangingwall vein is emplaced in brecciated zone in contact plane of Myobong slate and overlying Pungchon limestone bed of Cambrian age and has not been worked until recent. The main vein, presently working, continues more than 1,500 m in both strike and dip sides and has a thickness varying 3.5 to 5 m. Characteristic is the distinct zonal arrangement of the main vein along strike side which gives a clue to the genesis of the deposits. The zones symmetrically arranged in both sides from center are, in order of center to both margins, muscovite-biotite-quartz zone, biotite-hornblende-quartz zone and garnet-diopside zone. The zones grade into each other with no boundary, and minable part of the vein streches in the former two zones extending roughly 1,000 m in strike side and over 1,100 m in dip side to which mining is underway at present. The quartz in both muscovite-biotite-quartz and biotite-hornblende-quartz zones is not network type of later intrusion, but the primary constituent of the special type of rock that forms the main vein. The minable zone has been enriched several times by numerous quartz veins along post-mineral fractures in the vein which carry scheelite, molybdenite, bismuthinite, fluorite and other sulfide minerals. These quartz veins varying from few centimeter to few tens of centimeter in width are roughly parallel to the main vein although few of them are diagonal, and distributed in rich zones not beyond the vein into both walls and garnet-diopside zone. Ore grade ranges from 1.5~2.5% $WO_3$ in center zone to less than 0.5% in garnet-diopside zone at margin, biotite-hornblende-quartz zone being inbetween in garde. The grade is, in general, proportional to the content of primary quartz. Judging from regional structure in mid-central parts of South Korea, Hambaek syncline was formed by the disturbance at the end of Triassic period with which bedding thrust and accompanied feather cracks in footwall side were created in Myobong slate and brecciated zone in contact plane between Myobong slate and Pungchon limestone. These fractures acted as a pathway of hot solution from interior which was in turn differentiated in situ to form deposit of the main vein with zonal arrangement. The footwall veins were developed along feather cracks accompanied with the main thrust by intrusion of biotite-hornblende-quartz vein and the hangingwall vein in shear zone along contact plane by replacement. The main vein thus formed was enriched at later stage by hydrothermal solutions now represented by quartz veins. The main mineralization and subsequent hydrothermal enrichments had probably taken place in post-Triassic to pre-Cretaceous periods. The veins were slightly displaced by post-mineral faults which cross diagonally the vein. This hypothesis differs from those done by previous workers who postulated that the deposits were formed by pyrometasomatic to contact replacement of the intercalated thin limestone bed in Myobong slate at the end of Cretaceous period.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

Purpose : What confirm a patient's set-up precisely is an important factor in stereotactic radiosurgery Especially, the tumor is moved by respiration in case of lung cancer. So it is difficult to confirm a exact location by L-gram or EPID. I will verify a exact patient's set-up about this sort of problem by verification system(exactrac 3.0) Materials and Methods : The patient that had lung cancer operated on stereotactic radiosurgery is composed of 6 people. The 5 patients use an ABC tool and 1 patient doesn't use it. I got such a patient's L-gram and EPID image by Body frame(elekta, sweden), compared Ant. image with Lat. one, and then confirmed a set-up. I fused DRR image of CT and X-ray image of Verification system(exactrac 3.0) 3 dimensional, analyzed the coordinate value(vertical, longitudinal, lateral), and then confirmed a difference of existing method. Results : In case of L-gram and EPID, we judge an exact of the patient's set-up subjectively, and on we could treat the patient with radiation. As a result of using Verification system(exactrac 3.0), coordinate value(vertical, longitudinal, lateral) of patient's set-up was comprised within 5mm. We could estimate a difference of the coordinate value visually and objectively. Consequently, Verification system(exactrac 3.0) was useful in judging an exact patient's set-up. Conclusion : In case of Verification system(exactrac 3.0), we can confirm an exact patient's set-up at any time whenever, However, there are several kinds of the demerit. First, it is a complex process of confirmation than the existing process. Second, thickness of CT scan slice is within 3mm. The last, X-ray image has to have shown itself clearly. If we solve this problem. stereotactic radiosurgery will be useful in treating patients why we can confirm an exact patient's positioning easily.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2003

As a pan of a study on effective use of seafood processing by-products, such as cuttle bone as a calcium source, we examined on the kind of organic acid (acetic acid and lactic acid), reaction concentration (mole ratio of calcium to mole of organic acid), reaction temperature $(20\~60^{\circ}C)$ and reaction time (6$\~$24 hours) as reaction conditions for the solubility improvement of cuttle bone powder. The high soluble cuttle bone powder was also prepared from the optimal reaction conditions and partially characterized. From the results on examination of reaction conditions, the high soluble cuttle bone powder was prepared with 0.4 in mole ratio of a calcium to mole of a acetic acid at room temperature for 12 hours, Judging from the patterns of IR and X-ray diffraction, the main component of the high soluble cuttle bone powder was presented as a form of calcium acetate, and a scanning electron micrograph showed an irregular form. The soluble calcium content in the high soluble cuttle bone powder was $5.3\%$ and it was improved about 1,380 times compared to a raw cuttle bone powder. For the effective use of the high soluble cuttle bone powder as a material for a functional improvement in processing, it should be used after the calcium treatment at room temperature for about 1 hour in tap water or distilled water. from these results, we concluded that it is possible to use the high soluble cut시e bone powder as a material for a functional improvement in processing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.16-26
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• 2016

In this paper, we collected information on Palgyeong of the Gangneung area that were scattered around several literatures, and analyzed and interpreted regional distribution, elements of scenery and inherent meanings from various angles. we shed light on the origin and the meaning of Palgyeong, which have been passed down in the Gangneung area. Palgyeong of the Gangneung area have been accumulated and expanded for a long period of time, since Goryeo up to the modern times, and it does not simply reflect the beauty of natural scenery, but also reflect historical facts and sentiments rooted in this region. In addition, given the comprehensive veiw of Palgyeong of the Gangneung area and in consideration of its type and distribution of the eight sceneries the most common format is similar to Sosang(瀟湘類似型). What are repeatedly appearing among them include 'smoke from cooking supper' and 'catching fish', showing the living conditions of local residents of Gangneung at the time, which refers to the fact that Palgyeong consisted of village units. Palgyeong in the Gangneung area are distributed in diverse ranges between the city and Nujung. Most of Palgyeong are clustered in the east of Gangneung city and in the region tangent to Gangdong-myeon and Gujeong-myeon. When we consider the situation where most of Palgyeong in the Gangneung area are distributed in this region, it suggests that the region occupies the heart of scenery of Gangneung. Palgyeong of the Gangneung area consists of 60% natural factors, 36% humanity factors, and 4% other factors, where the natural factors hold the beauty of nature itself and the humanities and other factors hold the legends and history contained in the targets. The sceneries expressed by Palgyeong cannot be individually separated. Namedaecheon, Jukdobong, Sumseokcheon, Sumdulmaeul, Gunseongang, Pungho and Kyungpoho were connected to Nujung and Hongjamam, and they eventually became a panorama. Hansongjung, Hwanseondeung, Hansongsa, Pungho and Gunseongang are related to Hwarang of Silla and have become representative historical sceneries of the Gangneung area. Judging from the fact that currently non-existing sceneries such as Kyeonjodo, Hansongjung and Gulsansa remained in Palgyeong and been passed, Palgyeong have positioned imaginary spaces of the Gangneung people beyond simply expressing sceneries. In conclusion, Palgyeong in the Gangneung area are aesthetical objects and while at the same time, they are historical and cultural space, and furthermore, we can see that they still remain as imaginary spaces.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.43
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• pp.177-204
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• 2015

The Korean Criminal Code ${\S}10$ (1) provides that "The act of a person who, because of mental disorder, is unable to make discriminations or to control one's will, shall not be punished". Therefore, it'll not be able to be given criminal punishment if a mentally defective person is determined to lack the criminal liability. The problem about judging the criminal liability for the mentally defective person exists in areas where the criminal law intersects with psychiatry. Although the supreme court ultimately judges whether the criminal liability by mental defectiveness exists or not, the judgment of mental defectiveness, which is biological element, needs psychiatric knowledge and it is no wonder to rely on this. In particular, a change is required in the procedure and contents of mental examination for a mentally defective person as implementation of the Civil Participation in Criminal Jury Trial. It is needed the improvement of procedure to submit more accurate mental examination and the result of it in order that jurors are able to understand the result of mental examination and make an decision. This is because jurors consisting of ordinary citizens take part in trial. For guaranteeing the precise result of mental examination in the criminal justice procedure, it is necessary to establish the pool of manpower consisting of psychiatrists or psychologists who have completed the specific educational programs about the criminal justice and legal psychiatry, and it is desired to carry out the psychiatric test with selecting appraisers who belong to a pool of manpower. Furthermore, it is required to draw up and submit the written appraisal of mental examination which is easy to be known because of considering the nonprofessional of jurors consisting of ordinary citizens in the Civil Participation in Criminal Jury Trial. In order to gain a fair verdict of the jury about whether mental defectiveness exists or not, it is recommended the prompt submission of the written appraisal of mental examination, the presentation of the written appraisal of mental examination summarizing the important contents, and making out the written appraisal of mental examination for jurors to understand it easily.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.567-573
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• 2001

Lactobacilli have been generally recognized as an important lactic acid bacteria present in the normal human intestinal flora. Fifty two Lactobacillus isolates were recovered from the feces of healthy Koreans whose age ranged from thirteen days after birth to 37 years. Among the isolates above, 17 isolates were tentatively identified as strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and 3 isolates as strains of Lactobacillus casei. For their characterization, these twenty isolates were subjected to the experiments for the resistance to the artificial gastric juice, pH2.5 and bile salt. Interestingly, 3 strains survived pH 2.5 after 3 hour incubation in the artificial gastric juice with more than 75% of survival rate. L. acidophilus a-4 had the highest survival rate of 100%. Four strains including L. acidophilus a-3 grew gradually in MRS broth in the presence of the artificial bile salt. Cholesterol assimilation was also tested for the 20 isolates. The result showed that cholesterol concentration of the medium was reduced by 10 Lactobacillus isolates with more than 60%, as compared to the control. L. acidophilus a-2 had the highest reduction rate of 77%. Judging from these data obtained in vitro, some isolates ware likely to reach the lower small intestine after consumption without a significant loss of viability, suggesting that they had the potential to be developed as a probiotic culture which might lower the cholesterol level in human.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.37
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• pp.7-31
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• 2009

The word, 'Naturalization(向化)' is an unfamiliar term for us; however, to us as citizens who live in a multicultural society, it is a word worthy of hearty appreciation even once. At the present Korean dictionary, it has been defined as the word related to those terms such as Enlightenment(敎化) which are used to explicate the governance through a virtue of moral excellence(德治主義) of Confucianism, and the word, 'Hyanghwa(向化)' itself has already included the meaning of Enlightenment(敎化). On many occasions, people who were dubbed the converts or the naturalized citizens(向化人) emigrated to Chosun because there were such substantial reasons as economic and political advantages, rather than living in a society for reasons to the governance through a virtue of moral excellence(德治主義). Therefore, to understand the converts or the Naturalized citizens(向化人) correctly, it shall be required to examine the cause which is the governance through a virtue of moral excellence together with the true realities which are economic and political advantages. The word, such as Hwangjoin(皇朝人) should be considered in order to understand the meaning of 'Naturalization(向化)'. Hwangjoin(皇朝人) were those displaced people who had been forced to leave the fallen Ming Dynasty, and they will be contrasted with the converts or Naturalized citizens(向化人) that were mainly composed of the Northern tribes or Japanese. Actually, Naturalized citizens(向化人) and Hwangjoin(皇朝人) had all emigrated to Chosun because of changes in international affairs, meanwhile, however, they were treated differently for the reason that they were 'Hwai'(華夷). If we dub Chosun 'Self'(我), Naturalized citizens(向化人) and Hwangjoin(皇朝人) are equally called as 'The Other persons'(他者). Can we say that Chosun had established the right relationship with Other persons(他者)? Judging from the facts that there was occurrence of convert or naturalization for the other persons, dubbed Naturalized citizens(向化人) and that there was another occurrence of emigrants, called Hwangjoin(皇朝人), it is evident that the Relationships between the two had not rightly established. Also, the names so called Naturalized citizens(向化人) and Hwangjoin(皇朝人) were not given according to the preference of the other person, but provided by Chosun one-sidedly. The reasons for occurrence of convert or naturalization for the other persons, dubbed Naturalized citizens(向化人) and for occurrence of other emigrants, called Hwangjoin(皇朝人) were ideology such as 'Hwai'(華夷). It is thought that the Relationships between 'Self'(我) and 'The Other Person'(他者) can be established only after excluding ideology.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.131
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• pp.199-222
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• 2014

This essay aims at clarifying Dasan Jeong Yagyong's view on Jingfang's yaobian theory. As is well known, Jingfang was a scholar of the Earlier Han period who exerted a profound influence on the theoretical development of Xiangshu School by creating the various techniques for interpreting the Zhouyi. Jingfang is also important in relation with Dasan's commentary of the Zhouyi, because some part of Dasan's interpreting techniques are thought to have their origin in Jinfang. For example, Dasan used the bigua theory of which the origin could be traced back into Jingfang. However, in this article, I did not deal with the bigua theory because I am going to write another article about it. In stead, my focus will be put on analyzing how Dasan evaluated Jingfang's yaobian theory. The main issues of my argument can be summarized as following. Firstly, in terms of yaobian, Jeong Yagyong called attention to Jingfang's annotation on the Zhouyi in which Jingfang utilized the yaobian method in three occasions, i.e., the first nine of the Qian(乾初九), the sixth nine of the Guan(觀上九), and the sixth nine of the Bo(剝上九). It seems that Jeong Yagyong set forth enough evidence about Jingfang's use of yaobian at least in relation to two cases of the first nine of the Qian and the sixth nine of the Bo, while the other evidence of the sixth nine of the Guan was not so persuasive. However, even if it is evident that Jingfang made use of the yaobain in two cases, there is no reason to equate it with that of Dasan. If one takes a close look, it becomes clear that Jingfang's way of yaobain is very different from Dasan's. Secondly, Jeong Yagyong mentioned Jiayi(賈誼) who lived about one hundred years before Jingfang, as the person who utilized the yaobian in his book of Xinshu(新書). If it is certain that Jiayi was aware of the yaobian, we can assume that the yaobian technique had been handed down from Jiayi to Jingfang. The manuscript excavated from the Mawangdui tomb also increases the possibility that Jiayi could have had the knowledge on the yaobian. In the chapter of Muhe(繆和) of the Mawangdui Zhouyi, there appears the phrase, i.e., "the first six of the qian, qian goes to mingyi," which shows exactly the same form of the yaobian in the Mr Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals(春秋左氏傳). The burial period of Mawangdui tomb is estimated at the same year of B.C.168 in which Jiayi died. Therefore, judging from that fact, it becomes evident that the yaobain method was widely diffused around B.C.168. Subsequently, it is possible to infer that the yaobian method had been handed down from the period of Jiayi to Jingfang. If we could present the persuasive evidence to support that inference, it would also have the effect of consolidating Dasan's argument about the yaobian.