• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.113-127
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• 2020

In this study, the behavior of external beam-column joints reinforced by plain and deformed bars with non-seismic reinforcement details is investigated and compared. The beam-column joints represented in this study include a benchmark specimen by seismic details in accordance with ACI 318M-11 requirements and four other deficient specimens. The main defects of the non-seismic beam-column joints included use of plain bar, absence of transverse steel hoops, and the anchorage condition of longitudinal reinforcements. The experimental results indicate that using of plain bars in non-seismic beam-column joints has significantly affected the failure modes. The main failure mode of the non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by deformed bars was the accumulation of shear cracks in the joint region, while the failure mode of the non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by plain bars was deep cracks at the joint face and intersection of beam and column and there was only miner diagonal shear cracking at the joint region. In the other way, use of plain bars for reinforcing concrete can cause the behavior of the substructure to be controlled by slip of the beam longitudinal bars. The experimental results show that the ductility of non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by plain bars has not decreased compared to the beam-column joints reinforced by deformed bars due to lack of mechanical interlock between plain bars and concrete. Also it can be seen a little increase in ductility of substructure due to existence of hooks at the end of the development length of the bars.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1305-1330
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• 2015

The successful application of the component-based approach - widely used to model structural joints - requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of the constitutive joint components, including an appropriate assembly procedure to derive the joint properties. This paper presents a component-method model for a structural joint component that is located in the tension zone of blind-bolted connections to concrete-filled tubular steel profiles. The model relates to the response of blind-bolts with headed anchors under monotonic loading, and the blind-bolt is termed the "Extended Hollo-bolt". Experimental data is used to develop the model, with the data being collected in a manner such that constitutive models were characterised for the principal elements which contribute to the global deformability of the connector. The model, based on a system of spring elements, incorporates pre-load and deformation from various parts of the blind-bolt: (i) the internal bolt elongation; (ii) the connector's expanding sleeves element; and (iii) the connector's mechanical anchorage element. The characteristics of these elements are determined on the basis of piecewise functions, accounting for basic geometrical and mechanical properties such as the strength of the concrete applied to the tube, the connection clamping length, and the size and class of the blind-bolt's internal bolt. An assembly process is then detailed to establish the model for the elastic and inelastic behaviour of the component. Comparisons of model predictions with experimental data show that the proposed model can predict with sufficient accuracy the response of the component. The model furthers the development of a full and detailed design method for an original connection technology.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2018

Key factors that ensure competitiveness of modular unit include consistent high quality and connection condition that ensures high structural performance while minimizing the overall scale of the on-site process. However, it is difficult to evaluate the structural performance of the connection of modular unit, and its structural analysis and design method can be different depending on the connection to its development, which affects the seismic performance of its final design. In particular, securing the seismic performance is the key to designing modular systems of mid-to-high-rise structure. In this paper, therefore, the seismic performance of the modular system with bracket-typed fully restrained moment connections according to stiffness and the shapes of various connection members was evaluated through experimental and analytical methods. To verify the seismic performance, a cyclic loading test of the connection joint of the proposed modular system was conducted. As a result of this study, theoretical values and experimental results were compared with the initial stiffness, hysteresis behavior and maximum bending moment of the modular system. Also, the connection joint was modeled, using the commercial program ANSYS, which was then followed by finite element analysis of the system. According to the results of the experiment, the maximum resisting force of the proposed connection exceeded the theoretical parameters, which indicated that a rigid joint structural performance could be secured. These results almost satisfied the criteria for connection bending strength of special moment frame listed on KBC2016.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.313-322
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• 2020

The recognition of the risk hazards is a vital step to effectively prevent accidents on a construction site. The advanced development in computer vision systems and the availability of the large visual database related to construction site made it possible to take quick action in the event of human error and disaster situations that may occur during management supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the risk factors that need to be managed at the construction site and review appropriate and effective technical methods for each risk factor. This research focuses on analyzing Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) related to risk zone identification rules that can be adopted by the image recognition technology and classify their risk factors depending on the effective technical method. Therefore, this research developed a pattern-oriented classification of OSHA rules that can employ a large scale of safety hazard recognition. This research uses joint reasoning of risk zone Identification and numeric input by utilizing a stereo camera integrated with an image detection algorithm such as (YOLOv3) and Pyramid Stereo Matching Network (PSMNet). The research result identifies risk zones and raises alarm if a target object enters this zone. It also determines numerical information of a target, which recognizes the length, spacing, and angle of the target. Applying image detection joint logic algorithms might leverage the speed and accuracy of hazard detection due to merging more than one factor to prevent accidents in the job site.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.753-757
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• 2015

This paper introduces an experimental rescue robot, HUBO T-100 and presents the optimal motion control method. The objective of the rescue robot is to extract patients or wounded soldiers in the battlefield and hazardous environments. Another mission is to dispose and transport an explosive ordnance to safe places. To execute these missions, the upper body of the rescue robot is humanoid in form to execute various kinds of tasks. The lower body features a hybrid tracked/legged design, which allows for a variety of mode of locomotion, depending on terrain conditions in order to increase traversability. The weight lifting motion is one of the most important task for performing rescue related missions because the robot must lift an object or impaired person lying on the ground for transferring. Here, dynamics based motion optimization is employed to minimize joint torques while maintaining stability simultaneously. Physical experiments with a real humanoid robot, HUBO T-100, are presented to verify the proposed method.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1551-1564
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• 2016

The high penetration level of inverter-based distributed generation (DG) power plants is challenging the low-voltage ride-through requirements, especially under unbalanced voltage sags. Recently, a flexible injection of both positive- (PS) and negative-sequence (NS) reactive currents has been suggested for the next generation of grid codes. This can enhance the ancillary services for voltage support at the point of common coupling (PCC). In light of this, considering distant grid faults that occur in a mainly inductive grid, this paper proposes a complete voltage support control scheme for the interface inverters of medium or high-rated DG power plants. The first contribution is the development of a reactive current reference generator combining PS and NS, with a feature to increase the PS voltage and simultaneously decrease the NS voltage, to mitigate voltage imbalance. The second contribution is the design of a voltage support control loop with two flexible PCC voltage set points, which can ensure continuous operation within the limits required in grid codes. In addition, a current saturation strategy is also considered for deep voltage sags to avoid overcurrent protection. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.561-569
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• 2002

Laser has been called a "Quantum Machine" because of its mechanism of generation since the development on July 7,1960.by T.H.Maiman. We can now use this machine as a tool for manufacturing in industries. At present, 45kW CO2 laser, 10kW Nd:YAG laser, 6kW LD pumped YAG laser and 4kW direct diode laser facilities are available for welding a heavy steel plate of 40mm in thickness and for cutting metals at high speed of 140m/min. Laser Materials Processing is no longer a scientific curiosity but a modern tool in industries. Lasers in manufacturing sector are currently used in welding, cutting, drilling, cladding, marking, cleaning, micro-machining and forming. Recently, high power laser diode, 10kW LD pumped YAG laser, 700W fiber laser and excimer laser have been developed in the industrialized countries. As a result of large numbers of research and developments, the modem laser materials processing has been realized and used in all kinds of industries now. In the present paper, metallurgical studies on laser materials processing such as porosity formation, hot cracking and the joint performances of steels and aluminum alloys and dissimilar joint are discussed after the introduction of laser facilities and laser applications in industries such as automotive industry, electronics industry, and steel making industry. The wave towards the use of laser materials processing and its penetration into many industries has started in many countries now. Especially, development of high power/quality diode laser will be accelerate the introduction of this magnificent tool, because of the high efficiency of about 50%, long life time and compact.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to identify the role of dental hygienists in exchanges between North and South Korea to lower gaps in the level of dental healthcare between the two countries by conducting a Delphi survey with specialists and identifying alternative policies regarding the utilization of dental hygienists in such exchanges. Methods: Two Delphi surveys were conducted with the participation of nine specialists, and descriptive statistical analyses including mean and standard deviation were performed on the collected data. Results: Among methods of exchange and cooperation regarding oral healthcare under the current North Korean medical system, the issue considered most urgent was the "establishment of oral healthcare infrastructure." The most important short-term strategy was identified as the "selection and formation of partnerships in the field of inter-Korean oral health exchange and cooperation." The mid-term strategy was identified as the "establishment of cooperation in the dental industry, centered on educational cooperation projects." The long-term strategy included "joint R&D projects, oral health surveys, and business development." In order to determine how best to use dental hygienists during inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation, the respondents placed urgency on the "establishment of joint cooperation projects for oral health promotion and early examination and the treatment of dental diseases and planning of community research projects" and "the role of oral health education and media development for residents." Conclusion: Cooperation is necessary regarding the preparation of oral healthcare exchanges that aim to encourage unity between North and South Korea and reduce the gaps between the North and South regarding oral health conditions. Therefore, continuous and reasonable discussions and research are needed regarding the utilization of dental hygienists in such exchanges.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-48
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• 2015

This study is public R & D institutions report to verify what the impact factors on the course of progress of industrialization based on technology companies who previously received prior to the developed technology, what policies and plans for the next requirements based on this by offering the implications for business rate was to contribute to the improvement of the public research institution technology transfer. In this study, the influence factors on technology commercialization derived through the analysis of existing and previous studies, the characteristics of the previously received corporate environmental characteristics and previous technologies through a survey of the company received a technology transfer from public research institutions commercialization decisions and contributions, including sales and commercialization of the results were analyzed by logistic regression analysis demonstrated how to have relevance. Analysis, and linkage with high production company has an existing case of IT technology transfer, commercialization of higher technical success rate was higher compatibility. On the other hand, were observed and expected success rate were higher when a rather commercialized technologies independently be earlier than if participating in joint research in the development of the technology, unlike previously, completeness of the prior art did not significantly affect. This study has the following policy implications. Public research institutions have developed technologies are commercialized to figure out what the requirements of the technical aspects of consumer technologies in order to create economic wealth. And for technology commercialization for enough technical competencies to absorb the technology, and that the technology and considering the link between business and technology commercialization success to be applied. This study has some limitations. First, the sample size was not sufficient. In relation to the presence and participation of corporate success and commercialization of the R & D process, with many previous studies are needed more in-depth analysis by leading research in the sense that different results are obtained. Also did not reflect the will or the corporate culture, management and organizational skills and belongs to the external environment and internal corporate enterprises industry characteristics affecting the success of corporate management of the business. And lacked sufficient consideration of the various technical characteristics present in the form of joint research and industry. Finally, there is a limit of generalizations about other industries.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 2006

Apoptotic death of articular chondrocytes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) has been used for several years as a marker enzyme of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. This study investigated the activity of TRAP in media of apoptotic cell death-induced canine chondrocyte. We exposed canine chondrocyte to capsaicin and the results showed that capsaicin induced cell death in a dose dependent manner. And we measured TRAP activity in media of chondrocyte death induced by capsaicin treatment and the results capsaicin significantly increased the activity of TRAP in media for dose dependent. We also investigated whether the combination treatment with capsaicin and TRAIL enhance apoptotic cell death in canine chondrocyte. We exposed canine chondrocyte to capsaicin for 24 hrs at the indicated dose, and then treated with recombinant TRAIL protein for 24 hrs. TRAIL alone did not induce cell death after 24 hours, but the combined treatment of both induced more cell death compared with capsaicin alone in a dose dependent manner. Also, the combination treatment with capsaicin and TRAIL increased the activity of TRAP in culture media. These results suggest that TRAP can flow out into extracellular after chondrocyte damage, and TRAP may be a successful biomarker for detection of joint disease such as osteoarthritis.