• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2012

Welding is an essential process in the automotive industry. Most welding processes that are used for auto body are spot welding and $CO_2$ welding are used in a small part. In production field, $CO_2$ welding process is decreased and spot welding process is increased due to welding quality is poor and defects are occurred in $CO_2$ welding process frequently. But $CO_2$ welding process should be used at robot interference parts and closed parts where spot welding couldn't. Because of the 0.65mm ~ 2.0mm thickness steel sheet were used in the automotive industry, poor quality of welding area such as burn through and under fill were happened frequently in $CO_2$ process. In this paper, we will study about the penetration depth which gives a huge impact on burn through changing a degree of base metal, welding position and torch angle. Voltage, current and welding speed were fixed but degree of base metal, welding position and torch angle were changed. And Cold- Rolled(CR) steel sheet was used. Penetration depth was analysed by multiple regression analysis to derive approximate calculations. And reliability of approximate calculations were confirmed through additional experiments. As the results of this research, we confirmed the effect of torch and plate angle to bead shape. And we present a possibility that can simulate more accurate to weld geometry, as deduced the verification equations that has tolerance of less than 21.69%.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.713-725
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• 2014

Multi-view and 3D video technologies for a next generation video service are widely studied. These technologies can make users feel realistic experience as supporting various views. Because acquisition and transmission of a large number of views require a high cost, main challenges for multi-view and 3D video include view synthesis, video coding, and depth coding. Recently, JCT-3V (joint collaborative team on 3D video coding extension development) has being developed a new standard for multi-view and 3D video. In this paper, major tools adopted in this standard are introduced and evaluated in terms of coding efficiency and complexity. This performance analysis would be helpful for the development of a fast 3D video encoder as well as a new 3D video coding algorithm.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

We investigated the weathering characteristics of On-Yang gneiss by means of geological survey and Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR). The results of geological survey and boring show the two sets of vertical joint and horizontal joint developed by foliation which is composed of salic and melanic layers. GPR section evidently shows foliation direction and differential weathering due to discontinuity and mineral composition of metamorphic rock. The GPR section for instantaneous phase attribute based on complex trace analysis evidently shows continuity and foliation direction of metamorphic rock. The strong reflection amplitude which is derived from the banded structure of weathered rock can be incorrectly interpreted as a reflection of bedrock. The depth of rock basement should be estimated from the overall exploration result such as boring, seismic method, and electrical resistivity method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.74-79
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to find out its effect on changes in the joint angle and the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by conducting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when wearing and not wearing PPE (personal protective equipment) targeting 20 paramedics with more than 5 years of experience. The subjects carried out CPR in 30:2 for 4 minutes and collected images were digitized by Kwon3D XP Software Package(Version 4.0) and then data were obtained. Data, which were collected by analyzing the motion when starting in one cycle, when pressing to the maximum, in the final position (relaxed), were analyzed by using SPSS 18.0. In conclusion, during CPR, the angle of the both shoulder joints was not significant (p>.05) and the angle of the right elbow joint was reduced in all positions and was statistically significant (p<.05) and the angle of the left was significantly reduced in the maximum pressure posture and the final position (p>.05). In the case of the trunk, the angle increased statistically significantly at all stages (p<.01, p<.001). Also, during CPR, the average compression rate was significantly reduced after wearing PPE (p<.05) and average hand escape time by cycle increased statistically significantly (p<.05) but chest compression execution rate at the correct depth did not show any significant difference between the two groups (p>05).

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.230-235
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• 2009

In our country, the application of the design method of face to face dimension in wall-slab apartment has passed 10 years. So MC design method has fixed in the design step to some degree. In Design and Work Execution of House the exclusive area of the apartment was calculated by face to face dimension. And the term of face to face dimension was known broadly to clients, construction company, etc. But design method of face to face dimension is not to simply extend the room size so far as wall depth in design process but to ensure the actual space should be considered with efficient use and assembly of building components. That is to say, Design method of face to face dimension is not to be defined by design step but to be related with construction and maintenance. However in construction process the point of face to face design method was not understood even now. So the purpose of this study was to extract the effect and question of face to face design method in construction process by survey of actual condition of structure and construction quality, and compare this result with existing construction method. The following project of this study is to survey of actual condition of interior components such as gypsum board, windows & doors etc. Therefore this study is to induce architectural long-life through architectural standardization construction and component's exchange, and, by the subject of the study on Apartment to have design guideline and basis for joining part between Gypsumboard and windows.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.290-306
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the experiences of health-care providers about advanced practice nurses (APNs) focusing on the perspectives of physicians and APNs in Korea. Methods: Qualitative data were collected with snowball sampling. Six physicians and 13 APNs participated in this study through in-depth interviews or a focus-group interview. Qualitative content analysis was employed. Results: Three themes and seven categories were emerged. Three themes were 1) challenging start and attempts to settle down on unfamiliar system, 2) being positioned as an APN at clinical settings, 3) long journey for social recognition and legal institutionalization of APNs' role. Seven categories were 1) challenges to new area, 2) introduction and conflict of APN system, 3) driving force for stepping toward becoming APNs, 4) dedication and commitment to role development, 5) efforts to prove APNs' competency, 6) approaches to guarantee legal APNs' activities, and 7) filling the gap in health-care service. Conclusion: The findings suggest that health-care providers who have collaborated with APNs are aware of the needs to operate APN system more stably through the legislation of APNs' scope of practices. Further research is needed to provide the evidences of APNs' practice outcomes such as health care quality, patient safety, reduction of medical expenses, etc.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to shed light on the experiences of women caregivers' in nursing homes who provide care for older men; it focuses on sexual behavior and provides baseline data that can help improve quality of care. Methods: Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used for data analysis. Participants included 10 caregivers working at a nursing home. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted for data collection between January and February, 2020. Results: Five theme clusters were identified based on women caregivers' experiences of sexual behavior when caring for older men: "The weight of charge and exhausted stamina", "Unwillingness to face awkwardness", "Unacceptable sexual desire by older men", "An incurable wounded heart", and "Hardship in its entirety becomes my share of responsibility". The analysis further yielded ten themes. The participants stated that was hard to accept the older men's sexual behavior through relationships with the older men. Conclusion: These results should be considered in planning caring interventions for older men with respect to sexual behavior in nursing homes. The findings support the need for educational strategies and programs to improve the ability of nursing home caregivers to adequately care for older men, with consideration for their sexual behavior and for developing relevant policy supports.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

In our country, the application of the design method of face to face dimension in wall-slab apartment has passed 10 years. So MC(Modular Coordination) design method has fixed in the design step to some degree. In Design and Work Execution of House the exclusive area of the apartment was calculated by face to face dimension. And the term of face to face dimension was known broadly to clients, construction company, etc. But design method of face to face dimension is not to simply extend the room size so far as wall depth in design process but to ensure the actual space should be considered with efficient use and assembly of building components. That is to say, Design method of face to face dimension is not to be defined by design step but to be related with construction and maintenance. However in construction process the point of face to face design method was not understood even now. So the purpose of this study was to extract the effect and question of face to face design method in construction process by survey of actual condition of structure and construction quality, and compare this result with existing construction method. The following project of this study is to survey of actual condition of interior components such as gypsum board, windows & doors etc. Therefore this study is to induce architectural long-life through architectural standardization construction and component's exchange, and, by the subject of the study on Apartment to have design guideline and basis for joining part between Gypsumboard and windows.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 2011

The existing underground trenchless methods use reinforcing rod in steel tube to obtain structural stiffness. However, there are some problems such as inconvenience of work and expensive material fee which are resulted from limited working space and reinforcing work. To resolve these problems, a new trenchless method, namely P.S.T method (Prestressed Segment Tunnel Method), is developed which uses joint to connect the steel segment and form erection structure in underground construction. Further, installing strands for prestressing. In order to evaluate the flexural capacity of the P.S.T method structure, experiment was conducted. The parameters considered in the experiment are the span-to-depth ratio, diameter of steel tube at corner, prestressing force and welding of joint. Altogether examining the flexural behavior, the effect of deflection in structure according to different parameters has also been analysised.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2004

The RC wale-steel beam stud connection may have smaller moment and shear resistance because the tensile and shear capacity of the studs are limited by the depth of RC beam. Especially, they are subjected to compressive axial load. This paper describes the experimental works to develop the connection details of RC wale-steel beam joints subjected to shear and axial loads. Shear connectors developed in this study are closed C type deformed bar, opened C type deformed bar, and U type deformed bar. From shear test, the shear performance of RC wale-steel beam joint with the developed connectors are compared with the stud connection. Test results indicated that the developed connectors were very effiecive to increase the shear strength.