• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.328-332
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• 2002

Cordyceps is reputed for its broad biological activities and as a tonic for replenishing vital function in Chinese traditional medicines. As an attempt to obtain fundamental data for the development of new type Cordyceps, the effects of the fruiting bodies of cultivated fungus of Paecilomyces japonica grown on silkworm larvae on fatigue and hematotoxicity were investigated. The antifatigue activity of dongchongxiacao (Paecilomyces japonica) was studied in mice using weight loaded forced swimming performance method. The water extract of dongchongxiacao(25 mg/kg of body weight, intraperitoneal injection at 12 and 36 hours before irradiation and 30 minute and 24 hours after irradiation) showed a significant antifatigue effect in normal mice and radiation-induced fatigue mice (p<0.0005). In the experiment on the improvement of hematotoxicity, a significant difference from the irradiated controls was seen at day 3 of the group treated with dongchongxiacao and substantial differences from the irradiated controls at day 7 was also detected.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1982

The thermal conductivies of grain are influenced by many physical factors such as' initial temperature, moisture content, composition, bulk density or porosity of grain. However, not only few researchers considered all these factors in determining thermal conductivities of grain but also many researchers considered only moisture content as a major effective factor on the thermal conductivity. This study was conducted to experimentally determine the thermal conductivities of rough rice (3 Japonica-type, 3 Indica-type) and barley(covered, naked) as a function of initial temperature, moisture content and porosity of grain, and to investigate the effect of those physical factors on the thermal conductivities of grain. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The average time correction value for this experimental apparatus was 7 sec, which. was insignificant to the calculated thermal conductivity. The resulting conductivity for considering time correction value was only 4.9 percent higher than that calculated by the non-corrected equation. 2. The thermal conductivity was in the range of 0.1208~0.2058W/$m^{\circ}K$ for naked barley, 0.1138~0.1724W/$m^{\circ}K$ for covered barley, 0.0912~0.1864W/$m^{\circ}K$ for Japonica-type rice and 0.086~0.1774W/$m^{\circ}K$ for Indica-type rice. 3. The thermal conductivities of grain increased with initial temperature and moisture content of grain but decreased with porosity of grain. 4. The regression equations of the thermal conductivity of each grain were determined as a function of initial temperature, moisture content and porosity. The regression equations of the thermal conductivity of both Japonica-type and Indica-type rough rice were also determined.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 1981

The physical properties of grain are very important for the design of handling, sorting, processing, and storage system. On the physical properties of grain, volume, bulk density, true density, specific gravity, and porosity arc the major factors affecting the thermal properties of grain. This study was conducted to determine experimentally the above physical properties of rough rice (3 Japonica-type, 3 Indica-type) and barley (covered, naked) as a function of moisture content ranged from about 10% to 25% (w.b). The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The volume of grain kernel increased with moisture content for both rice and barley. The volume of those grain kernel was in the range of $2.2068{\times}10^{-8}{\sim}3.3960{\times}10^{-8}m^3$ at the moisture content of 14%. 2. The bulk density of rice increased linearly with moisture content for Japonica-type rough rice and quadratically for Indica-type rough rice, but the bulk density of barley decreased linearly with moisture content. The bulk density of the grain was in the range of 501.14~689.13kg/$m^3$ at the moisture content of 14%. 3. The true density of whole grain decreased linearly with moisture content, and was in the range of 1019.49~1139.75kg/$m^3$ at the moisture content of 14%. 4. The porosity of rice decreased linearly with moisture content for Japonica-type rough rice and quadratically for Indica-type rough rice, but the porosity of barley increased linearly with moisture content. The porosity of the grain was in the range of 39.51~50.83% at the moisture content of 14%. 5. The regression equations of the physical properties such as volume, bulk density, true density, and porosity of the grain were determined as a function of moisture content.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.187-190
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine phytotoxicity of domestic rice varieties and characteristic of sensitive gene involved in herbicide reaction of 4-HPPD (4-hydroxy phenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibiting herbicides. The five rice varieties were grown for 2 to 3 leaf stage on seedling trays and then transplanted into plastic pot: 4-Japonica type (Sangjubyeo, Sambaekbyeo, Sanduljinmi and Kumyoung) varieties and 1-Indica type variety (IR8). We trialled standard (14 g a.i. $10a^{-1}$) and double fold (28 g a.i. $10a^{-1}$) dose of benzobicyclon treatment at 10 days after transplanting in order to investigate phytoxicity. The Japonica-type Sangjubyeo showed no rice injury but Indica-type IR8 show 4-5 (standard) and 5-6 (double fold) phytoxicity levels. In spite of Japonica-type, Sanduljinmi and kumyoung showed 3-4 and 4-5 levels. Target resistant gene, Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor sensitive gene No.1 (HIS1) have been isolated from five domestic rice cultivars (Sangjubyeo, Sambaekbyeo, Sanduljinmi, Kumyoung and IR8). Results of the sequence through PCR, all five tested rice cultivars had HIS1 gene regardless to rice cultivars. And the difference between rice varieties from sequence of HIS1 were identified some variation in genes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.170-174
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• 1977

The comparative effect of washing on the loss of nutrients in rice was studied with regard to varieties of Japonica and Indica type and various polishing degrees. Washing procedure was made by usual method for the preparation of cooked rice. The average loss was 1-2% of total solid, 5-7% of protein, 18-26% of calcium, 19-47% of iron, 22-40% of vitamin $B_1$, 11-24% of vitamin $B_2$ and 36-45% of niacin during washing in the 50-90% polished rice of Japonica and Indica varieties. The Indica rice had relatively higher loss of total solid, protein, calcium and iron than that of Japonica rice. The loss of total solid, N-free extract and vitamin in 70% polished rice was lower than that of 90% polished rice. Loss of lysine in 90% polished rice amounted to more than 6% and was higher than the loss of other amino acids.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.186-190
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to collect the basic information on the varietal diversity in amylogram properties of 3 different rice sub-species under tropical conditions in IRRI 2001 wet season based upon correlation and principal component analysis. The peak viscosity and breakdown property of Tongil type, i.e.; temperate Indica species showed higher similarity with Japonica type species rather than typical Indica and tropical japonica types. The amylogram properties such as final viscosity, pasting consistency and setback of Tongil type varieties were lower than those of typical Indica and tropical japonica types. The peak viscosity showed positive correlation with trough, while the breakdown showed negative correlation with setback in all tested 3 rice subspecies. The first principal component was applicable to increase the gelatinization temperature, final viscosity, pasting consistency and setback, and applicable to decrease the peak viscosity and breakdown. Varietal classification by the principal component score of each pedigree could be applied to the interpretation of the community by the scatter diagram for the amylogram properties to the different sub-species of rice at IRRI conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.4
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• pp.410-417
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• 1987

Needle type and growth characteristics of Cryptomeria japonica planted in Cheju, Korea, were investigated and compared with those of the same species distributed in Japan. Needle types were classified into nine lines, and the stands were composed of more than six lines. The trees of the same needle type as Ura-Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) in Japan showed the best growth in height.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 1989

Twentyseven rice cultivars were compared Quantitatively and classified by 15 agronomic traits. For this, 12 Tongil-type rice cultivars and 15 Japonica-type rice cultivars were transplanted at the experimental farm of the Yeongnam Crop Experiment Station on May 25 in 1987. Jangseongbyeo belonging to Tongil-type had the greatest dissimilarity total among 27 rice cultivars and followed by Chilseongbyeo, Gayabyeo, Hangangchalbyeo, Gihobyeo (Tongil-type) and Sangpoongbyeo (Japonica-type) while cultivars having greatest similarity total were Daecheongbyeo and Yeongsanbyeo and followed by Nagdongbyeo, Sinsunchalbyeo, Gwangmyeongbyeo, Yeongdeogbyeo, Palgongbyeo and Dongjinbyeo that were all belonging to Japonica-type cultivars. CuItivar pairs having the greatest dissimilarity coefficient (50-55％) were combinations of Gayabyeo and Sangpungbyeo, Gihobyeo, or Seonambyeo, combinations of Chilseongbyeo and Jangseongbyeo, Sangpung-byeo, Chucheongbyeo, Gihobyeo or Seonambyeo and combinations of }angseongbyeo and Gwangmyeong-byeo, Sangpungbyeo, Gihobyeo, Daechangbyeo or H waseongbyeo. On the other hand, cultivar pairs having the greatest similarity coefficient (above 85 ％) were combinations of Dongjinbyeo and Sinsunchalbyeo, Daecheongbyeo, Somjinbyeo or Yeongsanbyeo, combination of Sangpungbyeo and Gihobyeo, combinations of Yeongdeogbyeo and Yeongsanbyeo or Palgongbyeo, combination of Gwangmyeongbyeo and Yeongdeogbyeo, Combinations of Nagdongbyeo and Gwangmyeongbyeo, Yeongdeogbyeo, Daecheongbyeo, Hwaseongbyeo or Yeongsanbyeo, combinations of Sinsunchalbyeo and Daecheongbyeo or Yeongsanbyeo, combinations of Somjinbyeo and Daecheongbyeo or Yeongsanbyeo and combination of Daecheongbyeo nd Yeongsanbyeo. Two-dimensional ordination analysis method provided the information on cultivar classification between Japonica-type and Tongil-type cultivars except a few cultivars. Only two cultivars, Joongweonbyeo and Seomjinbyeo were located opposit area that implied Tongil-type cultivar Joongweonbyeo was rather close to Japonica-type while Japonica-type cultivar Seomjinbyeo was rather close to Tongil-type, respectively. Sinsunchalbyeo and Daecheongbyeo, on the other hand, were located on the line between two cultivar groups. The method of two-dimensional ordination analysis concluded as feasible approach to classify cultivars Quantitatively for the practical purpose.

• ALGAE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2015

The genus of leafy green algae, Prasiola Meneghini, includes marine, terrestrial, and freshwater species. A total of 11 species and one variety have been identified in China, Korea, and Japan. In Korea, Prasiola formosana var. coreana has been reported in Muncheon, North Korea, while a different type of Prasiola species has been reported in South Korea. The South Korean species has been found growing along a small stream originating from Chodanggul Cave, a limestone cave in Samcheok, Gangwon Province. Here, we revised the morphological characteristics of the South Korean Prasiola species and analyzed plastid rbcL, psaB, and tufA genes to clarify its identity. Although the external and anatomical morphologies varied among individuals, our results were very similar to previous reports. Plastid three genes sequences of the South Korean specimens were identical to those of P. japonica collected from Japan as well as to published sequences of P. yunnanica from China. A short rbcL-3P sequence (196 bp) from P. formosana var. coreana, which was identified in the type specimen, was also identical to a sequence from P. japonica. These Prasiola species and variety from Korea, Japan, and China are all distributed in areas characterized by limestone bedrock. Based on morphological, phylogenetic, and distributional features, the South Korean Prasiola species is regarded herein as P. japonica. Here, we also propose to synonymize P. formosana var. coreana and P. yunnanica with P. japonica.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.391-402
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• 1986

A total of 16 varieties from Korea and Indonesia were tested in Suwon, Korea (126$^{\circ}$9'E, 37$^{\circ}$16'N, 37m amsl) and Bali, Indonesia (115$^{\circ}$ 14'E, 8$^{\circ}$42' and 10m amsl). Most varieties of Indica and India/Japonica types showed adaptability to both areas. Generally Indica-type showed more number of panicles per hill than that of Indica/Japonica, while Indica/Japonica showed better performance in spike let number per panicle and 1,000 grain weight than Indica-type varieties.