• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2020

Echinostoma revolutum is a zoonotic food-borne intestinal trematode that can cause intestinal bleeding, enteritis, and diarrhea in human and birds. To identify a suspected E. revolutum trematode from a red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) and to reveal the genetic characteristics of its mitochondrial (mt) genome, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and complete mt genome sequence of this trematode were amplified. The results identified the trematode as E. revolutum. Its entire mt genome sequence was 15,714 bp in length, including 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and one non-coding region (NCR), with 61.73% A+T base content and a significant AT preference. The length of the 22 tRNA genes ranged from 59 bp to 70 bp, and their secondary structure showed the typical cloverleaf and D-loop structure. The length of the large subunit of rRNA (rrnL) and the small subunit of rRNA (rrnS) gene was 1,011 bp and 742 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic trees showed that E. revolutum and E. miyagawai clustered together, belonging to Echinostomatidae with Hypoderaeum conoideum. This study may enrich the mitochondrial gene database of Echinostoma trematodes and provide valuable data for studying the molecular identification and phylogeny of some digenean trematodes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 1976

Employing 7-15 resistant and 8-15 susceptible Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) trees to pine gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye) as samples, needle monoterpenes were analysed by GLC in January and June, and observation was made on the oviposition preference. Following results were obtained. 1. In January, the resistant trees showed higher contents of myrcene, limonene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene and terpinolene but lower contents of ${\alpha}$-and ${\beta}$-pinene and camphene compared to the susceptible trees. But in June, ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, limonene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene and terpinolene were higher and the content of ${\beta}$-pinene and myrcene were lower in the resistant trees than the susceptible trees. 2. The content of limonene was higher by the 6.8 percent and the content of ${\beta}$-pinene was lower by the 9.2 percent in the resistant trees than in the susceptible trees in June. 3. No preference for oviposition was found between resistant and susceptible trees. But in the resistant trees gall formation rate was quite lower than the susceptible trees. It was considered, therefore, that limonene and ${\beta}$-pinene content in the needle might be used as an indicator of the resistant Japanese black pine to the pine gall midge regardless of season.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.25 no.1 s.66
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• pp.1-9
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• 1986

Periodical samplings were made in the fields, located Hwasong-Gun, Banwal-Myon, Doondai-Ri, for two years to study the major factors responsible to the population of the overwintered pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye. The population densities of the overwintered larvae reduced greatly at the time of pupation and the changing patterns seemed to be influenced by environmental conditions. The estimated 50% pupation day was about two weeks earlier for the 1980 generation compared with the 1979 generation, and much higher average and the daily maximum temperatures in 1981 affected on the development of the larvae. The relative emergence rates were 14.1% for 1979 and 14.9% for 1980 generation. The relative emergence rates(Y) were affected by the moisture contents of soil ($X_1$) and its variance $(X_2),\;Y=-68.41+4.3206X_1-0.6887X_2$. The relative emergence rates seemed to be decreased with the increased variance of the moisture contents of soil. Percents of needle gall were 49.63% for 1980 and 86.87% for 1981 generation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.89-95
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• 2005

Understanding of routes of migratory birds are important subject for conservation of avifauna. Korea Demilitarized zone (DMZ) is considered as one of the most important stopover for migratory birds that pass in the Korean peninsula. This region has been known internationally as an excellent nature preservation areas since 1953. Rare and endangered animal species such as leopards (Pathera pardus) and Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris) have increased in population. Furthermore this areas provide home for endangered migratory birds including white-naped (Grus vipio) and red-crowned cranes (G. japonensis). Recent satellite-tracked crane species has shown the importance and linkages between a small number of habitat sites in DMZ. White-naped cranes were satellite tracked 9 individuals spent 27-78% of their time in Panmunjum and 10-75% in Cheolwon. This signifies the rich feeding sites with relatively little disturbance thus making the DMZ extremely valuable as a stopover.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 1994

Trunk implantation method of phosphamidon 50% Lq.is commonly applied to control the pine needle gall midge (Thecodiplosis laponensts Uchida et Inouye) Since trunk implantaion is normally practiced during the late Spring, it is often difficult to accommodate necessay labor in mral area. As an alternative, aerial spraylng of less toxic ~nsecticide was designed. Usage of less toxic insecticide in the aenal control of pine needle gall midge can reduce the damage to forest ecosystem. The buproferin, one of the insect growth regulator, was selected at d~fferent rate of dilutions and the treatments effects ruere evaluated at different date and time When 50 t~mes diluted solution of buprofezin 40% SC was treated on different period, there was no significant difference in dficacies. the control efficacies of buproferin 40% SC was measured by occurrences (%) of gall formation of the pine needle gall midge using a ultra low volume (ULV) sprayer and the dilutions of 10X 30X and 50X of buprofez~n 40% SC gave efficacies. 72.4. 57.6 and 8.4, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 1980

Effect of monoterpene composition in pine needles on the susceptibility to pine gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye) has been pursued. The pines studied include 5 susceptible and 2 resistant species. Also included were severely damaged or unaffected P. densiflora in the pine gall midge affected region. From the needles of the pine trees, 9 monoterpenes were identified by GLC. No correlationship, was found to hold in the monoterpene composition between pine gall midge susceptible and nonsusceptible pine species. Concentrations of limonene, however, gradually increased following oviposition in the unaffected P. densiflora while the concentrations of the monoterpene remained constant in the damaged P. densiflora. Effect of high limonene concentration in the needles of P. densiflora is discussed as a possible factor inducing resistance toward the pest in the unaffected Pinus densiflora.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.609-617
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• 2000

To inverstigate the boring insects in Pinus densiflora forests, bait logs were set up in healthy-looking forests of Chunchon Hongchon and in damaged forests(gall formation rate 70----) by Thecodiplosis japonensis of Pyongchang Jeongsun. The period of investigation was from April to August in 1999. Boring insects investigated were 35 species of 12 families. Five species of them were unrecorded species from Korea. Natural enemies investigated were 5 species of 2 families. The prefered parts of tree according to species of boring insects were lower trunk in Siphalinus gigas and 3 other species, middle-stem in Monochamus sutor and 7 other species, and top stem in Orthotomicus suturalis and 1 other species. Hylurgops interstitialis were found in all parts of tree. Sap wood was attacked by Xyleborus validus Cerambycidae, heart wood by Hylobitelus haroldi Siphalinus gigas, and cambium region by Pissodes nitidus P. obscurus Shirahoshizo insidiosus Scolytidae.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 1998

The phenolic acids in needles of five pine species such as Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii. P. virginiana. P. rigida. and P. koraiensis were analyzed seasionally (March, June, September and December) in order to investigate the resistant factors against pine gall-midge(Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye). The interrelation of resistance to pine gall-midge and the content of phenolic acids in pine needles was investigated in the artificial hybride pine species. The contents of salicylic acid in susceptible species (P. densiflora and P. thunbergii) to pine gall-midge which watered with salicylic acid solution in a pot was determined. The results can be concluded as follows, 1. There was a little change in total phenolic constituents of resistant and susceptible pines seasonally. The each content of benzoic acid, salicylic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in June was the highest through four seasons. 2. In June, resistant species showed higher content of salicylic acid than susceptible species, while the content of gallic acid was the highest in December. 3. Among the 21 artificial hybrids(P. densiflora ${\times}$ P. virginiana. P. thunbergii ${\times}$ P. virginiana), the hybrides of the higher salicylic acid content showed the lower rate of pine gall formation. 4. Pine gall formation of the susceptible species which were watered with salicylic acid solution remarkably decreased.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1977

Resistant and susceptible pine (Pinus thunbergii, Parl) trees to pine gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis, Uchida et Inouye) were selected and monoterpene composition in one year old branches, shoots and needles of both groups have been analysed by GLC. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Monoterpene composition in either one year old branches or shoots were not affected by their directions (North or South). 2. Major monoterpenes in one year old branches were ${\alpha}-pinene,\;{\beta}-pinene$, myrcene, limonene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$ and terpinolene. 3. In addition to ${\alpha}-pinene$, camphene, ${\beta}-pinene$, myrcene, ${\Delta}^3-carene$, limonene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$ and terpinolene, several less volatile components which appear to be monoterpenes were also present in shoots and needles. 4. Compared with the susceptible pine, the resistant tree was found richer in limonene composition. 5. ${\beta}-Pinene$ composition in the resistant pine was less than that in the susceptible pine. 6. The difference in the composition of limonene or ${\beta}-pinene$ between two groups of pine trees was discussed in relation to the resistance to pine gall midge.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.445-457
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• 2007

This report studied the individual number, their favorite habitat, and change pattern of family and group number in Cheolwon Basin, starting in the early Oct. 2004 until late March. 2005 to investigate the ecological features of the Red-crowned Crane and the White-naped Crane. The Cranes arrived Cheolwon Basin in mid-October until next mid-March, and passed the winter in mid-November until next late-February The most visiting number amounted to 550 individuals and, that period was the most frosting mid-January to mid-February. The White-naped Crane visited Cheolwon Basin in autumn, the early winter and spring. Approximately, the wintering-number is 550 individuals, also, the mid-March was the peak-period of arrival and, the number amounted to 2,162 individuals. The cranes chose the farming area around mountains as their wintering habitat and were less likely to choose the farming area around lake as habitat. The Red-crowned Crane and the White-naped Crane showed the different periodical pattern in familial and group numbers. In case of the crane, the familial pattern was stable, but varied in grouping number, and this pattern was similar to the variation of overall individual number. And, also, the most grouping number was shown in the most freezing period of wintering period. The White-naped Crane showed the similar pattern of the Red-crowned Crane that is, stable family number and varying group number, this pattern affected the total number of entire individuals. Grouping number increased in migration period. Parasite infection rate is G japonensis 35.0%, G vipio 38.7%.