• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.521-528
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic characteristics of the finalists in the women's 100 m event to provide important information to coaches and athletes. Three different biomechanics techniques were applied for analyzing sprinter motion: LAVEG, a panning technique, and 12 video cameras for 3 dimensional analysis of the 40 m - 70 m portion of the race. Carmelita Jeter(USA) performed the maximum speed of 10.54 m/s at the distance of 58.2 m. There was a tendency to show a better performance time with a high number of steps (p=.13) and shorter stride length (p=.14) among the 8 sprints. Furthermore, the stride frequency and the performance time were negatively correlated as a higher stride frequency had a positive impact on the performance time (p=.02). Based on 3 dimensional analysis, the 4 top ranked sprinters used the different strategies to maintain a high COM (Center of Mass) velocity during the mid portion of the race (40 m - 70 m). Carmelita Jeter(USA) showed more flexed knee and hip motion at heel contact (HC) to maintain a high COM velocity while S.A. Fraser-Pryce (JAM) showed more extended knee and hip motion at HC. On the other hands, Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) and Kelly-Ann Baptiste (TRI) showed a tendency to have high knee lifts during the swing phase to maintain the high COM velocity during the race. These biomechanical analyses of the women's 100 m final event in the 2011 WC, Daegu, will provide important scientific information to coaches and athletes for understanding the sprinting mechanism of today's top-class sprinters.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 1982

Flacherie virus (FV) is an important pathogen in the silkworm, which often gives serious damage to farmers for cocoon production. The inbred parents and F$_1$'s from an eight-parent diallel were examined to determine the inheritance of resistance to flacherie virus in the silkworm. Three resistant (R), two intermediate (M) and three susceptible (S) inbreds were used in the diallel with no reciprocals. Mean resistance was measured by survival rates of larvae which were fed on mulberry leaves sprayed with diluted mid-gut homogenate of FV infected larvae. Broad-sense heritability was obtained according to inbreds and F$_1$ family performance. Estimation of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) was made according to Griffing's Model 1, Method 2. Mean FV resistance of F$_1$ family displayed additive effect of the major gene, while heterotic effect was not significant. Considerable variation in FV resistance within F$_1$ groups of R$\times$S and S$\times$S indicated that action of minor genes for FV resistance may have been involved. FV resistance of inbreds perse and predominant effect of the major gene over minor gene(s) satisfactorily predicted the FV resistance of the hybrids. Broadsense heritability value of FV resistance on the basis of F$_1$ family performance averaged 93%, which suggested that environmental effects might have not been important in this experiment. GCA was highly significant for FV resistant among inbreds. GCA effect of 13.1 in Jam 108 was highest and -17.7 in Gyeongchu lowest. Effective selection for high FV resistance would be possible, using inbreds with high GCA effect and low GCA variance. SCA was significant among hybrids. High SCA effect in the hybrid of Geumho$\times$Mudeung (13.7) and Hansaeng #4$\times$Jam 115 (11.6) indicated that the interaction effect of minor genes for resistance to FV in the silkworm could be exploited by standard silkworm breeding procedures.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4B
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• pp.343-352
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• 2011

The water quantity by intake station as well as the tributary flow discharge acting as sink or source were added to the main flow rate in the present study and RMA-2 and RMA-4 models were applied to the reach from Pal-dang dam to Jam-sil submerged weir to investigate the influence of water supply withdrawal on the river flow and water quality. The numerical results revealed that the water supply withdrawal from 5 intake stations located upstream of Jam-sil submerged weir changed the total flow rate and therby induced different hydraulic characteristics in terms of water surface elevation and velocity. The changed flow field by the inclusion of water intake quantity led to the variation of water quality. By the consideration of the water supply withdrawal, the velocity structure was significantly disturbed by the outflowing flow condition nearby Gu-ui, Ja-yang, and Pung-nap intake stations. Furthermore, the mean velocity was lowered by 25% and the stage upstream of Gu-ui station rose upto 1.5 cm compared with the result by exclusion of water intake. In case of no water withdrawal, the distribution of BOD concentration was parallel throughout the domain. However, when the water withdrawal is considered, the distribution of BOD concentration nearby the Gu-ui, Am-sa, and Ja-yang station was signifiantly changed. In addition, the BOD concentration including the intake stations showed higher value at the downstream of the reach due to the loss of the discharge by water withdrawal effect. It is concluded that both the inflow and outflow discharges from tributaries and water intake stations should be included in the numerical simulation to analyze the hydrodynamic behaviors and mixing characteristics more accurately.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 2001

The effect of onions on the quality characteristics of strawberry jam substituted with 50% fructo-oligosaccharide for sucrose was investigated. Strawberry jams with 10, 20, 30 and 40% onions in place of strawberry were prepared and evaluated for moisture content, pH, total acidity, color, spreadability, soluble solid content, reducing sugar, residual anthocyanin, instrumental texture and sensory characteristics. As the amount of onions increased, moisture content, total aridity, spreadability, soluble solid content, reducing sugar content and residual anthocyanin content of strawberry jams decreased, while pH increased. The lightness and redness decreased with addition of onions, but the yellowness increased. The sensory scores for strawberry jams decreased with the increase of onion content; however, strawberry jams with 10 or 20% onions showed fairly good scores.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 1998

The change of pectinesterase (PE) activity and pectin substances in fig fruit were investigated and low sugar jams prepared by various methods from fig fruit were compared. Fig fruit PE, which began to show the activity at the harvest time, was not inactivated and had slight activity during frozen storage at $-25^{\circ}C$. The amount of alcohol insoluble solid (AIS) and the degree of esterification (DE) of AIS were reduced by its own PE activity. However the intrinsic PE of fig fruit was not enough to make low-methoxyl pectin below 50% of DE. Fig pulp treated by its own PE and combination of fig PE and orange PE could make low-methoxyl pectin. After PE treatments, fig pulp adjusted below pH 4.0 by addition of citric acid kept red colour. Fig Jams processed by various methods had lower soluble solid $(31{\sim}49^{\circ}Brix)$ compared with conventional fig jam. Five kinds of fig jams out of those showed higher score than others in the sensory evaluation. For preparation of the five jams, the fig pulps with or without 1% pectin were treated at $50^{\circ}C$ for 25 minutes with addition of orange PE (200 units/400 g pulp). The treated pulps were added with 0.25% citric acid, 0.7% calcium and 20% cane sugar. The mixed pulps were prepared for jams containing low sugar by hot plate or microwave or refrigeration (excepting the mixed pulp without pectin).

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2002

Busan Port which is the representative social overhead capital facilities for international trade of goods has need the driving force for economic development in Korea. Therefore, the central government should play the major role in building a rear road to Busan Port in order that it may function as a moor port of Northeastern Asia through the systemization of mutual assistance among connected facilities, completely equipped with port-related facilities befitting to the principal port of imports and exports. In this study, the validity of container tax is being examined, analyzing container tax which is considered as an obstacle to the development of Busan Port and its purpose, and grasping the present conditions by the realistic speculation on container tax issues and its abolition. First, the port rear road as a social overhead capital facilities, which connects port and expressway, should be considered as part of port, and port is social overhead capital invested by government. Second, the Busan City imposes taxes on container. As a result, a shipper and a shipping company are paying a double charge by paying container tax with port dues. Third, Empty container and Tranship container are the factor of Busan city traffic jam but their was excluded from container tax. This is deviate from equilibrium of the tax object. Forth, it has bad influence upon the competitiveness of Busan Port as Northeastern logistics base, as other ports who are competing with Busan Port like china, Taiwan, Japan's port make their competitiveness strong by decreasing the cost of port dues.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2022

Humans have been breeding the mulberry silkworm for the long period of time to obtain silk fabric and nutrient-rich pupae. Currently, silkworm larvae, pupae, and silk-Fibroin hydrolysates are registered as food raw materials, while silkworm feces and Bombyx batryticatus are registered as Korean traditional medicines. Among sericulture products, individually recognized health functional food ingredients include silk-protein acid-hydrolysates for immunity enhancement, Fibroin-hydrolysates for memory improvement, and freeze-dried 5^th instar and 3^rd-day-silkworm powder for lowering-blood sugar. Recently, HongJam produced by steaming and freeze-drying mature silkworms were reported to have various health-promoting effects such as preventing the onset of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, enhancing gastro-intestinal functions, improving skin-whitening and hair growth, and extending healthspan. By consuming silkworm products with various health-promoting effects, it is possible to increase the healthspan of human beings, thereby reducing personal and national medical expenses, resulting in increasing the individual's happiness.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2019

The effect of blueberries on the quality characteristics of strawberry jam substituted with 50% sugar, glucose syrup 10% was investigated. Strawberry jams with 5, 10 and 20% blueberries in place of strawberry were prepared and evaluated for moisture content, reducing sugar, total acidity, pH, color, total sugar (°Brix), pectin content, anthocyanin content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, texture analysis and sensory characteristics. As the amount of blueberries increased, total acidity, °Brix , reducing sugar content and anthocyanin content of jams increased, while pH decreased, moisture content has changed little. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the 80% methanol extract from jams were 75.33%, 85.75%, 91.23% and 92.73% at a concentration of 8 mg/mL. Radical scavenging activity increased with the added concentration of blueberries. The lightness decreased with addition of blueberries, but the redness and yellowness increased. The sensory scores for jams increased with the increase of blueberry content; however, strawberry jams with 10% blueberries showed the best scores.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2615-2625
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• 2011

Recently in worldwide and Korea domestically, the LRT vehicles are introduced as reputable urban transit system, in a view of energy saving, punctuality and eco-friendly as well as transport efficiency. At first time in Korea, the Busan metro Line 4 was applied with AGT system which is a kind of LRT using the Rubber tired AGT vehicle and developed from 1999 to 2004 in charge of Korean government. Busan selected the AGT system for Metro Line 4 as the solution of traffic jam and networking the intercity. At present, Busan Metro Line 4 has been running since opened at March 30, 2011. The vehicle of Busan metro line 4 is aiming the maximization of LRT vehicle advantage that is the lightness of vehicle size and vehicle weight. So, it did size downed and weight downed by lightened the weight of car frame and bogies and by the compactness of electrical on-board equipments. The study carried out the structure analysis to verify and safety and performance of car body and bogie frame of Busan Metro Line 4 vehicles. In this study, it was analyzed the stress of main load and verified the fatigue strength. And measured the dynamic stress sending to body structure and bogie frame while running on main line and analyzed the fatigue stress. As a result, it verified the safety and life cycle of car body and bogie frame.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2016

Numerous plants have been documented to contain phenolic compounds. Thymol is one among these phenolic compounds that possess a repertoire of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial effects. Despite of the plethora of affects elicited by thymol, its activity profile on gastric cancer cells is not explored. In this study, we discovered that thymol exerts anticancer effects by suppressing cell growth, inducing apoptosis, producing intracellular reactive oxygen species, depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential, and activating the proapoptotic mitochondrial proteins Bax, cysteine aspartases (caspases), and poly ADP ribose polymerase in human gastric AGS cells. The outcomes of this study displayed that thymol, via an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, was responsible for inducing apoptosis in gastric AGS cells. Hence, thymol might serve as a tentative agent in the future to treat cancer.