• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

This experiment has been investigated in order to examine larval migration inhibition activity of ivermectin, doramectin and ethanol against Anisakis simplex (A. simplex) in vitro. A. simplex larvae were obtained from the mackerel acquired from the fish market of Cheongju. They were divided into many groups and placed in culture dishes (40 larvae each) containing RPMI-1640, in the absence or presence of different concentrations of ivermectin, doramectin and ethanol. Ivermectin had a complete inhibition of larval migration at 72 h in all groups ($10-300{\mu}g/ml$). Ethanol reduced the migration of the larvae, its maximum activity being an high doses (7.5%, 10% ethanol) when it was 100% efficacy at 4 h. Doramectin had no efficacy in vitro. Being needed that further studies with ivermectin and doramectin, it is recommended that in vivo test with laboratory animals should be carried.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.321-327
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• 1986

The anthelmintic efficacy of Albendazo1e and Ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes, trematodes and cestode was tested in naturally infected Korean native goats. Albendazole was medicated at a dose rate of 10mg/kg of body weight orally and Ivermectin was injected at a dose rate of 0.2mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously. The efficacy was measured by faecal examinations on the day 7th and the day 14th :after treatment. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The efficacy of Albendazole against trematodes and cestode was shown 91.7% in Fasciola hepatica, 68.8% in Paramphislomum spp., 66.7% in Eurytrema pancreaticum and 100% in Moniezia expansa(cestode). 2. The efficacy of Ivermectin against trematodes and cestode was shown 38.8% in Fasciola hepalica, 26.1% in Paramphistomum spp., 22,2% in Eurytrema pancreaticum and 100% in Moniezia expansa(cestode). 3. The anthelmintic efficacy of Albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes was shown 97.7% in Haemonchus contorus and 100% in Oesophagostomum spp., Ostertagia spp., Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides papillosus and Cooperia spp. 4. The efficacy of Ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes was shown 96.6% in Haemonchus contortus, 94.1% in Trichostrongylus spp. and 100% in Oesophagostomum spp., Ostertagia spp., Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Strongyloides papillosus and Cooperia spp.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2008

This experiment has been investigated in order to examine the effect of ivermectin and doramectin for laval migratory inhibition in rats. Anisakis spp larvae were obtained from the mackerels in fish market in Cheongju. A total of 225 rats were classified with 3 groups with the same number ($3{\times}75$ rats); group I was control divided into 3 subgroups including 25 rats in each one, others (test groups) were treated subcutaneously with ivermectin and doramectin by 3 kinds of concentrations ($200{\mu}g/kg$, 400, 800), respectively. At 15 minutes after treating, 10 larvae were taken orally into each rat of 6 subgroups in test, and 5 rats were necropsied at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours after oral administration. The recovered larvae were used in larval migration inhibition (LMI). Ivermectin is significantly more effective than doramectin. In rats, the inhibitory effect of ivermectin and doramectin is slightly less than in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.257-266
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• 1999

Ivermectin is a widely used broad spectrum antiparasitic agent in veterinary medicine. In this work, we examined the pharmacokinetic parameters and the tissue residue profile of a new injectable formulation of ivermectin developed for pigs. The plasma ivermectin levels reached the peak at about 9 and 2 hours after the administrations in young and adult pigs, respectively. But the elimination half-life (3-3.5 days) and the $C_{max}$ values (24~28 ng/ml) were not significantly different between young and adult pig groups. When compared to the reference formulation, the $C_{max}$ of test formulation was higher and $T_{1/2}$ values were shorter than those of the reference formulation, respectively. The tissue residue levels were dose- and time-dependent and were higher in the liver and fat, than in the other tissues such as the injection sites, the kidney, intestine, muscle, plasma (4~74 ng/g) at the 7th day after the administration of both formulations of ivermectin. Then, the mean tissue ivermectin levels at the 21st day after the administration in all the tissues decreased to 7.4 and 25% of the 7th day levels in the test and reference formulations, respectively. In general, the tissue levels of ivermectin in the animals treated with the test formulation decreased more rapidly than those with the reference formulation. The tissue to plasma distribution ratio (T/P ratio) of ivermectin was higher in the liver and fat than other tissues. The T/P ratio in the liver of animals treated with the test formulation was somewhat higher than that in the animals treated with the reference formulation. Taken together, the results of pharmacokinetic and tissue residue studies indicate that the test formulation of ivermectin for subcutaneous injection is comparable to the reference formulation, but unique in that it has higher peak plasma concentrations, shorter elimination half-life and higher T/P ratio in the liver than the reference formulation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 2013

Trichinosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the nematode Trichinella spiralis. Anthelmintics are used to eliminate intestinal adults as well as tissue-migrating and encysted larvae. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ivermectin and myrrh obtained from the aloe-gum resin of Commiphora molmol on experimental trichinosis. Ninety albino mice were orally infected with 300 T. spiralis larvae. Drugs were tested against adult worms at day 0 and day 5 and against encysted larvae on day 15 and day 35 post-infection (PI). Mature worms and encysted larvae were counted in addition to histopathological examination of muscle specimens. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, and creatinine values were estimated. Significant reductions in mean worm numbers were detected in ivermectin treated mice at day 0 and day 5 PI achieving efficacies of 98.5% and 80.0%, while efficacies of myrrh in treated mice were 80.7% and 51.5%, respectively. At days 15 and 35 post-infection, ivermectin induced significant reduction in encysted larval counts achieving efficacies of 76.5% and 54.0%, respectively, while myrrh efficacies were 76.6% and 35.0%, respectively. AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels were reduced, while total proteins were increased in response to both treatments compared to their values in the infected non-treated mice. Ivermectin use for controlling T. spiralis could be continued. Myrrh was effective and could be a promising drug against the Egyptian strains of T. spiralis with results nearly comparable to ivermectin.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.759-761
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• 2013

Lymphatic filariasis is a common parasitic disease of cats in tropical regions including Thailand. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of ivermectin against microfilariae of Brugia pahangi in naturally infected cats. Eight cats naturally infected with B. pahangi were divided into control (untreated) and treated groups. Cats in the latter group were given ivermectin injection at 400 ${\mu}g/kg$ weekly for 2 months. Microfilariae were counted every week until 48 weeks. Microfilaremia was significantly decreased in the treated group 4 weeks after starting the treatment and become zero at week 9 and afterwards. On the other hand, cats in the control group had high microfilaremia throughout the study. It was successful to treat and control B. pahangi infection in naturally infected cats using ivermectin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.429-440
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• 1996

In order to know morphological changes on the female genital organs by Ivermectin(IVM) administration, the histopathological observation was carried out in the organs of rat and mouse treated with the overdose of IVM. In the microscopical findings of the uterus, there were many mitotic figures, epithelial hyperplasia and papillary foldings in the endometrial surface. The increased prevalance of uterine glands, uterine epithelia and glands hyperplasia were markedly presented on diverse patterns adenoma-like structure and single nodular or multiple polyp-like adenoma. In ovary, primary and mature follicles were decreased in number, and hypoplasia of ovarian follicles, atretic follicles, follicular cysts and ovarian atropy were observed. It was considered that IVM administration resulted in follicular hypoplasia and atropy of ovary, and hyperplasia of uterine gland and endometrial surface epithelium might be transformed to neoplasia of glandular structures.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2011

A total of 286 individuals from 3 selected communities (Areedi-Aje, Ipakodo/Ojokodo, and Ijebu-Igbo) of Ijebu-North, southwestern Nigeria were examined for Loa loa microfilaremia using finger prick blood smear, between December 2008 and March 2009. Rapid assessment procedure for loiasis (RAPLOA) was used to obtain information, from 187 Ijebu-Igbo residents, on adverse reactions experienced from retrospective treatments with ivermectin and history of eye worm. Only 33.9% of the respondents reported having had a history of eye worm while 33.2% had microfilaremia. The demographic factor of gender was not significant determinants of the prevalence (p>0.05) while age was significant (P<0.05). The highest prevalence of eye worm history and microfilaremia were recorded in 61-70 and 15-20 years of age categories, respectively. Ijebu-Igbo had 27.3% eye worm history, 32.1% microfilaremia, and the highest intensity of 140 microfilariae (mf)/ml. Ipakodo area had the highest eye worm history of 54.4% and the highest intensity of 420 mf/ml. Areedi-Aje had the highest occurrence of 45.2% microfilaremia and the highest intensity of 460 mf/ml. Predictably, Areedi-Aje and Ipakodo areas were high risk communities. The low intensity of L. loa infection with an insignificant (2.1%; P>0.05) adverse reactions from 187 subjects involved in the retrospective ivermectin administration confirmed that ivermectin delivery may be considered safe. The community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) programme was most probably responsible for the low prevalence and intensity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.499-504
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• 2019

Head-lice infestation, pediculosis capitis, remains a public-health burden in many countries. The widely used first-line pediculicides and alternative treatments are often too costly for use in poor socio-economic settings. Ivermectin has been considered an alternate treatment for field practice. This study was composed of 2 parts, a cross-sectional survey and an intervention study. The main objectives were to determine the prevalence and potential factors associated with head-lice infestation, and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral ivermectin administration. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 890 villagers in rural areas along Thai-Myanmar border. Females with infestations were eligible for the intervention study, and 181 participated in the intervention study. A post-treatment survey was conducted to assess acceptance of ivermectin as a treatment choice. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and a generalized-estimation-equation model adjusted for cluster effect. The study revealed the prevalence of head-lice infestation was 50% among females and only 3% among males. Age stratification showed a high prevalence among females aged <20 years, and among 50% of female school-children. The prevalence was persistent among those with a history of infestation. The major risk factors were residing in a setting with other infected cases, and sharing a hair comb. The study also confirmed that ivermectin was safe and effective for field-based practice. It was considered a preferable treatment option. In conclusion, behavior-change communication should be implemented to reduce the observed high prevalence of head-lice infestation. Ivermectin may be an alternative choice for head-lice treatment, especially in remote areas.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.183-185
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• 2006

Four pigeons which lived together of same cage were referred due to excessive feather loss, severe itching, and erythema on the head, neck and flank regions. They had behavioral problem with feather bloating and plucking. Although they were mildly depressed, appetite was normal. On microscopic examination of feather picking, prominent external parasite infection was found. Mite infection was diagnosed with morphological confirmation. On analysis of complete blood count (CBC), eosinophilia was evident. The patients were treated with ivermectin (apply 200 mcg/kg topically two times per every other week and spray 200 mcg/ml solution every week). Clinical signs of four, pigeons were improved 45 days following first therapy. This case report indicates that mite infection is accompanied with severe feather loss, itching, and generalized erythema on the skin and behavioral problem with feather bloating and plucking. And this infection can be managed with topical and spray application of Ivermectin without injection.