• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1166-1172
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• 1997

[FeⅢ(BLPA)DBC]BPh4, a new functional model for the catechol dioxygenases, has been synthesized, where BLPA is bis((6-methyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and DBC is 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate dianion. The BLPA complex has a structural feature that iron center has a six-coordinate geometry with N4O2 donor set. It exhibits EPR signals at g=5.5 and 8.0 which are typical values for the high-spin FeⅢ (S=5/2) complex with axial symmetry. The BLPA complex reacts with O2 within a few hours to afford intradiol cleavage (75%) and extradiol cleavage (15%) products which is very unique result of all [Fe(L)DBC] complexes studied. The iron-catecholate interaction of BLPA complex is significantly stronger, resulting in the enhanced covalency of the metal-catecholate bonds and low energy catecholate to FeⅢ charge transfer bands at 583 and 962 nm in CH3CN. The enhanced covalency is also reflected by the isotropic shifts exhibited by the DBC protons, which indicate increased semiquinone character. The greater semiquinone character in the BLPA complex correlates well with its high reactivity towards O2. Kinetic studies of the reaction of the BLPA complex with 1 atm O2 in CH3OH and CH2Cl2 under pseudo-first order conditions show that the BLPA complex reacts with O2 much slower than the TPA complex, where TPA is tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine. It is presumably due to the steric effect of the methyl substituent on the pyridine ring. Nevertheless, both the high specificity and the fast kinetics can be rationalized on the basis of its low energy catecholate to FeⅢ charge transfer bands and large isotropic NMR shifts for the BLPA protons. These results provide insight into the nature of the oxygenation mechanism of the catechol dioxygenases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2021

The scientific understanding of Korean medicine theory remains largely unknown, since there is a lack of proper methods to investigate its complex and unique characteristics. Here, we introduce a drug-centered approach, a novel method to investigate Korean medicine theory by analyzing the mechanisms of herbal medicines. This method can be effectively conducted by employing network pharmacology that can analyze the systems-level mechanisms of herbal medicines on a large scale. Firstly, we introduce the method of network pharmacology that are applied to analyze the mechanisms of herbal medicines in a step-by-step manner. Then, we show how the drug-centered approach employing network pharmacology can be applied to investigate Korean medicine theory by describing studies that identify the biological correlates of the cold-hot nature of herbs, spleen qi deficiency syndrome, or Sasang constitution. Finally, we discuss the limitations and future directions of the proposed approach in two aspects: The methods of network pharmacology for a drug-centered approach and the process of inferring Korean medicine theory through it. We believe that a drug-centered approach employing network pharmacology will provide an advanced scientific understanding of Korean medicine theory and contribute to its development by generating biologically plausible hypothesis.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.329-331
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• 2002

There is a difference in the inhibitory effects to supplemental UVB (wavelengths 280 to 320 nm) among Japanese rice (Oryza sativa L.), the cultivar Norin I is less resistant while the cultivar Sasanishiki is resistant. UVB induces photodamage in DNA. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) is a major UV-induced DNA lesion. Photorepair, which is mediated by photolyase, is the major pathway in plants for repairing CPD. We have analyzed CPD induction and repair in Sasanishiki and its close relative Norin I using alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis. Norin I is deficient in CPD photoreactivation and excision, thus UV sensitivity correlates with deficient dimer repair [I]. The photorepair deficiency in Norin I results from a functionally altered photolyase with a photoflash analysis [2]. In this paper, we examined the UVB-sensitivity of several other UV-sensitive and -resistant cultivars and found that the CPD photolyase activity was deficient in UV-sensitive ones. It was also evident that there was a variation in the deduced amino acid sequences of CPD photolyases of the UV-sensitive and -resistant cultivars, whereas each deduced amino acid sequence of the UV-sensitive cultivars and of the UV-resistant ones was the same. These results suggest that the difference in the CPD photolyases of UV-sensitive and -resistant rice might be due to the structural alteration of CPD photolyase.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to elucidate whether the expression level of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is related to the ultraviolet radiation (UV)-induced apoptosis. After treatment of the mammalian cell lines HeLa S3 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) with 50 J/m2 UV, induction of apoptosis was determined by several means during 24 h post-incubation. Incidence of apoptosis was much lower in CHO than HeLa S3 cells based on the percentage of apoptotic cells in terms of morphological changes in nucleus or direct counting of viable cells and qualitative or quantitative DNA fragmentation. Interestingly, when the expression level of PARP was measured by western blotting, the amounts of PARP that was retained at each time point inversely correlated with the incidences of apoptosis in these cells. Concomitant with generation of the 85 kDa fragment, 116 kDa PARP disappeared in HeLa S3 within 6 h after UV treatment, whereas a fair amounts of 116 kDa band was still retained in CHO cells at 36 h post-incubation. This inverse relationship was also observed in the adaptive response system, in which cells weve treated with a high dose of UV after pretreatment with a low dose. As expected, typical adaptive responses appeared in CHO cells but not in HeLa cells, showing greater cell viability and lesser DNA fragmentation. During the adaptive response in CHO cells, PARP was expressed at much higher level compared to the single, high dose-treated cells. Interestingly, even though PARP was induced at 6 h post-incubation In both cell types, its expression was more prominent in CHO cells. Thus, our data indicate that the retained level of intact PARP against UV damage inversely correlates with incidence of apoptosis in mammalian cells, and also suggest that a machinery to protect the PARP degradation against UV damage exists in CHO but not in HeLa S3 cells.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2008

- Abstract - Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and identify its related factors among an urban elderly. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from 333 men and 514 women, aged 65-79 years who participated in '2007 community health survey' in Donggu, Gwangju metropolitan city. Their depressive symptoms were measured by Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Results: The mean CES-D score (mean±S.D) for all subjects was 7.68±0.31. The mean CES-D score was significantly greater in the women (9.09±0.43) than in the men (5.51±0.39) (p<0.001). The prevalence rates of possible depression (CES-D score ≥16), probable depression (CES-D score≥21), and definite depression (CES-D score≥25) were 8.1%, 5.4%, and 3.9% in men, respectively. The prevalence rates of possible depression, probable depression, and definite depression were 19.5%, 11.1%, and 7.2% in women, respectively. Existence of spouse (no/yes), education level (no/high school or higher), health security system (medical aid/national health insurance), self-reported health status (poor/good), vascular risk factors (present/absent) proved to be statistically significant related factors of depression. Conclusions: This study suggests that a systematic effort and attention to support for elderly people living alone, low educational level, medical aid, poor self-reported health status and vascular risk factors should be promoted to reduce the incidence of depression.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.337-350
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• 2009

식물계절 시기의 변화는 지역의 기후변화를 파악하는 데 중요한 지표이며, 지구온난화로 인한 기온상승의 영향이 뚜렷하게 반영된다. 본 연구에서는 식물계절 관측 자료를 이용하여 식물계절 시기의 변화 경향 및 식물계절 시기의 변화와 기온변화의 관계를 분석하였다. 봄철의 발아와 개화시기는 -0.7${\sim}$-2.7일/10년의 변화율로 앞당겨지는 경향인 반면 가을철 단풍절정시기는 3.7${\sim}$4.2일/10년의 변화율로 늦어지는 추세이다. 한반도의 봄철 식물계절 시기는 2월에서 3월 평균기온과 높은 상관관계가 있으며, 2월에서 3월 동안의 평균기온이 $1^{\circ}C$ 상승함에 따라 봄철 식물계절은 3.8일씩 앞당겨지는 경향이다. 가을철 식물계절 시기는 10월 평균기온과 상관관계가 높고 10월 평균기온이 $1^{\circ}C$ 상승함에 따라 3.1일씩 늦어지는 추세이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3895-3899
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• 2014

C4.4A, a metastasis-associated gene, encodes a glycolipid-anchored membrane protein which is overexpressed in several human malignancies. However, there are few data available on C4.4A expression and its relationship with progression in gastric cancer. Our study was designed to explore the expression of C4.4A in gastric cancer and to correlate it with clinical outcome. C4.4A expression was studied by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for assessment of correlations with clinicopathological factors. C4.4A mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer as compared with noncancerous tissue (p<0.05)., being observed in 107 (88.4%) of the 121 gastric cancer cases by immunohistochemistry. We found that the expression of C4.4A mRNA was correlated with size of the tumor, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM stage. Moreover, patients with overexpression of C4.4A has a significantly worse survival (p<0.05). Further multivariable analysis indicated that the expression of C4.4A was an independent prognostic indicator for gastric cancer (p<0.05). In conclusion, overexpression of C4.4A correlates with metastatic potential of gastric cancer and C4.4A could be a novel independent prognostic marker for predicting outcome.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2010

Purpose: Cardiovascular risk factor modification is important for patients with coronary artery disease to prevent poor progression of the disease. Without an understanding and an awareness of risk factors, patients with coronary artery disease are not able to reduce their risk by the lifestyle modification. The aims of this study were to assess patient's awareness of risk factors and to identify predictors of awareness of risk factors. Methods: A descriptive correlational study using a cross-sectional survey method was performed. The sites of the study were three hospitals in Seoul, Korea. The sample consisted of 214 subjects. The awareness of risk factors and other subjects' characteristics were measured by a questionnaire developed for this study. Results: A range of subjects (gender: 72.0%; hyperlipidemia: 51.9%; hypertension: 40.7%; obese: 37.4%; age: 35.5%; smoking: 22.4%; diabetes: 19.2%; family history: 18.2%) were not able to accurately identify the risk factors. Among predictors, gender (${\beta}$=-.17) and diabetics (${\beta}$=-.25) had statistically significant influences on awareness of risk factors. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the lack of awareness of risk factors for coronary artery disease. The findings have important implications for nursing practice in terms of guiding educational strategies for the modification of risk factors for coronary heart disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7161-7165
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• 2015

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer in the north east of India. The present study concerned the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the ESCC in north eastern India and its impact on response to chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: p16 expression, a surrogate marker for HPV infection was assessed in 101 pre-treatment biopsies of locally advanced ESCC, reported from a comprehensive cancer centre in north east India, using immunohistochemistry. All patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Response was assessed clinically and histopathologically with attention to p16 expression. Results: p16 was expressed in 22% of ESCC (22 out of 101) and was more prevalent in patients who were more than 45 years of age (P=0.048). p16 positive tumors appeared more commonly in the upper 2/3 of the thoracic esophagus (18 in 22). Nine of the 22 (41%) p16 positive tumors achieved pathologic complete response following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.008). There was a trend towards reduced mortality in this group (P=0.048). Some 9 of the 20 (45%) patients who achieved pathologic complete response were p16 positive. Conclusions: Expression of p16 in ESCC correlates with higher rate of pathologic complete remission in patients undergoing neo adjuvant chemotherapy and could be a predictive marker for response assessment.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.590-595
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• 2017

High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) is expressed in almost all cells, and its dysregulated expression correlates with inflammatory diseases, ischemia, and cancer. Some of these conditions accompany HMGB-1-mediated abnormal angiogenesis. Thus far, the mechanism of HMGB-1-induced angiogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed time-dependent DNA microarray analysis of endothelial cells (ECs) after HMGB-1 or VEGF treatment. The pathway analysis of each gene set upregulated by HMGB-1 or VEGF showed that most HMGB-1-induced angiogenic pathways were also activated by VEGF, although the activation time and gene sets belonging to the pathways differed. In addition, HMGB-1 upregulated some VEGFR signaling-related angiogenic factors including EGR1 and, importantly, novel angiogenic factors, such as ABL2, CEACAM1, KIT, and VIPR1, which are reported to independently promote angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. Our findings suggest that HMGB-1 independently induces angiogenesis by activating HMGB-1-specific angiogenic factors and also functions as an accelerator for VEGF-mediated conventional angiogenesis.