• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.447-457
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• 2021

Graphite Isotope Ratio Method (GIRM) can be used to estimate plutonium production in a graphite-moderated reactor. This study presents verification results for the GIRM combined with a 3-D polynomial regression function to estimate cumulative plutonium production in a graphite-moderated reactor. Using the 3-D Monte-Carlo method, verification was done by comparing the cumulative plutonium production with the GIRM. The GIRM can estimate plutonium production for specific sampling points using a function that is based on an isotope ratio of impurity elements. In this study, the ¹⁰B/¹¹B isotope ratio was chosen and calculated for sampling points. Then, 3-D polynomial regression was used to derive a function that represents a whole core cumulative plutonium production map. To verify the accuracy of the GIRM with polynomial regression, the reference value of plutonium production was calculated using a Monte-Carlo code, MCS, up to 4250 days of depletion. Moreover, the amount of plutonium produced in certain axial layers and fuel pins at 1250, 2250, and 3250 days of depletion was obtained and used for additional verification. As a result, the difference in the total cumulative plutonium production based on the MCS and GIRM results was found below 3.1% with regard to the root mean square (RMS) error.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2022

Indigenous diagnostic dose of ¹³¹I-labeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([¹³¹I]mIBG) was prepared via Cu⁺ catalyzed isotope exchange reaction generated in situ by sodium metabisulfite for imaging of neuroblastoma tumor. [¹³¹I]mIBG was produced in overall 85-90% radiochemical yield. The average amount of radioactivity of [¹³¹I]mIBG was 2164 MBq (1998-2331MBq) with an average specific activity > 1000 MBq/mg at the end of synthesis. The radiochemical purity was ≥ 99.9% after purification through Dowex-1 × 8 ion exchange resin (100-150 mesh) at the date of preparation. The stability of [¹³¹I]mIBG at concentration 480-555 MBq/mL was > 97% at 4 ℃ after 4 days. The room temperature (25 ℃) stability of [¹³¹I]mIBG was > 98% after 24 h. Biodistribution of [¹³¹I]mIBG in patient showed uptake in salivary glands, liver, spleen and excreted though urinary bladder. Neuroendocrine medicated uptake into tumor lesion and metastatic sites were noted which strongly correlate with the morphological abnormalities of patient.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.3268-3275
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• 2024

Isotopes are an important aspect of modern medical and scientific research and cyclotron-based isotope production is of particular interest. Cooling devices are required to manage the heat generated by high-energy particle beams to ensure that they can be delivered securely. However, there is considerable scope for further advancements in the design of cooling systems. Therefore, this study uses simulations to investigate the design of innovative cooling systems. Various designs and materials are considered using a variable four-sector collimator and various particle-beam conditions. Thus, new design principles and material and structural optimization strategies are proposed, which can be used to improve the stability and efficiency of isotope production. The results provide insight into technical challenges and may contribute toward advances in medical diagnostics, radiotherapy, and fundamental scientific research. In particular, they can guide the development of isotopebased technologies in nuclear medicine.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.237-251
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• 2002

The recent progress on metabolic systems engineering was reviewed based on our recent research results in terms of (1) metabolic signal flow diagram approach, (2) metabolic flux analysis (MFA) in particular with intracellular isotopomer distribution using NMR and/or GC-MS, (3) synthesis and optimization of metabolic flux distribution (MFD), (4) modification of MFD by gene manipulation and by controlling culture environment, (5) metabolic control analysis (MCA), (6) design of metabolic regulation structure, and (7) identification of unknown pathways with isotope tracing by NMR. The main characteristics of metabolic engineering is to treat metabolism as a network or entirety instead of individual reactions. The applications were made for poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production using Ralstonia eutropha and recombinant Escherichia coli, lactate production by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pyruvate production by vitamin auxotrophic yeast Toluropsis glabrata, lysine production using Corynebacterium glutamicum, and energetic analysis of photosynthesic microorganisms such as Cyanobateria. The characteristics of each approach were reviewed with their applications. The approach based on isotope labeling experiments gives reliable and quantitative results for metabolic flux analysis. It should be recognized that the next stage should be toward the investigation of metabolic flux analysis with gene and protein expressions to uncover the metabolic regulation in relation to genetic modification and/ or the change in the culture condition.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권30호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2009

Mireuk temple site is located in Iksan, on the North Jeolla province in Korea, and confirmed tiles, potteries, metals, glasses and other materials that are remaining between Baekje Kingdom and Joseon period after excavations. It is also detected that production and supply of the materials in this era were started inside the country(domestic) at that time. This is important information for the understanding of the production and circulation systems. In this study, lead isotope ratios of 18 samples includedlead glass, crucibles and glazed rafter tiles excavated from Mireuk Temple Site of Baekje era were analyzed for the provenance study of raw glass material supply and distribution of glass products. The results of lead isotope ratio analysis have shown that all raw materials were located in the distribution area of Baekje region and also confirmed to be accord with the previous research results. As comparing the lead isotope ratios of glass and glass materials excavated from Mireuk Temple Site with Miyajidake tomb from Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan, it is found that the same raw materials were used for glass production. It means that there is the active connection between Mireuk temple site and Miyajidake and that these areas are sharing the same materials at the same period. It also shown that artifacts excavated from Miyajidake were strongly influenced from Baekje culture. And it is estimated that there is a possibility of the use ofsame materials whether the supplies of them are from a specific place of Baekje or not

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2023

Background: Isotopes of the projectile may be produced along the beam path during the irradiation of a target by a heavy ion due to inelastic interactions with the media. This study analyzed the production cross-section of carbon (C) and Helium (He) projectile's isotopes resulting from the interactions of these beams with different materials along the beam path. Materials and Methods: In this study, we transport C and He ion beams through different materials. This transportation was made by the Monte Carlo simulation. Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) has been used for this calculation. Results and Discussion: It has been found that ¹⁰C, ¹¹C, and ¹³C from the ¹²C ion beam and ³He from the ⁴He ion beam are significant projectile's isotopes that have higher flux than other isotopes of these projectiles. The ⁴He ion beam has a higher projectile's isotope production cross-section along the beam path, which adds more impurities to the beam than the ¹²C ion beam. These projectile's isotopes from both the ¹²C and ⁴He ion beams have higher production cross-sections in hydrogenous materials like water or polyethylene. Conclusion: It is important to distinguish these projectile's isotopes from the primary beam particles to obtain a precise and accurate cross-section result by minimizing the error during measurement with a nuclear track detector. This study will show the trend of the production probability of projectile's isotopes for these ion beams.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.198-203
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• 2003

The effects of salmon carcasses on forest and stream ecosystems were determined by nitrogen stable isotope analysis in natural streams in Hokkaido, Northern Japan, where numerous chum salmon (Oncoryhncus keta) were migrated upstream ITom ocean to spawn in autumn. The leaves and soils surrounding riparian forest and stream dwelling invertebrates were collected before and after migration. The nitrogen stable isotope ratio $({\delta}^{15}N)$ of riparian vegetation (Salix spp.) were different depending on the presence of salmon and distance from the stream. The $({\delta}^{15}N)$ of stream dwelling invertebrates were different between salmon present and absent stream. This difference was tested using the experiment channel by implanting salmon carcasses. The nitrogen stable isotope ratio of epilithic algae and leaf shredding animals were nearly 3 higher in the salmon implanted treatment suggesting that around 20％ of salmon derived nitrogen was uptake either in algae and leaf shredding invertebrates. These results suggest that the salmon carcasses effects not only on stream primary production but also on primary consumers, which decompose leaves fertilized with nitrogen from carcasses.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.3768-3774
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• 2023

The purpose of the target system for the muon spin rotation, relaxation, and resonance (µSR) facility at the Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments (RAON) is to induce the production of a significant number of surface muons in thermally stable experiments. The manufactured target system was installed at RAON in the Sindong area near Daejeon in 2021. The design was made conservatively with a sufficient margin of safety through ANSYS calculations; however, verification experiments had to be performed on the ANSYS calculations. Because the 600-MeV proton beam has not yet been provided, an alternative way to reproduce the calculation conditions was required. The radio frequency (RF) heating method, which has not yet been applied to the target verification experiment but has several advantages, was used. It was observed that the RF heating method has promise for testing the thermal stability of the target, and whether the target system design process was performed conservatively enough was verified by comparing the RF heating experiments with the ANSYS calculations.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2020

흑연 동위원소 비율법(GIRM)은 비핵화 검증 도구로써 흑연감속로의 플루토늄 생산량을 예측하는데 사용된다. 원자로가 가동되면 ²³⁸U의 중성자 포획 반응에 의해 플루토늄이 생성되어 축적되고 동시에 흑연 내 불순물도 핵반응을 통해 다른 핵종으로 바뀌기 때문에 플루토늄의 생성량과 불순물의 농도는 일정한 상관 관계를 갖는다. 이러한 상관관계에도 불구하고 어느 특정 시점에서의 불순물의 농도는 불순물의 초기 농도에 의존하기 때문에 불순물의 초기 농도가 알려지지 않으면 불순물의 절대 농도만으로 플루토늄 생산량을 예측하는 것은 불가능하다. 그러나 불순물의 초기 동위원소 비율은 초기 불순물 농도에 상관없이 알려져 있기 때문에 불순물의 동위원소 비율과 플루토늄 생산량의 관계는 흑연감속로에서 플루토늄 생성량을 예측하는 유용한 도구가 될 수 있다. 흑연동위원소 비율법의 지표 원소로 Boron, Lithium, Chlorine, Titanium, Uranium 등이 이용되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 위 지표원소의 동위원소 비와 플루토늄 생성량 사이의 상관 관계가 초기 불순물 농도에 의존하지 않는지를 네 가지 다른 흑연 불순물 조성을 이용하여 평가하였다. ¹⁰B/¹¹B, ³⁶Cl/³⁵Cl, ⁴⁸Ti/⁴⁹Ti, ²³⁵U/²³⁸U은 흑연의 초기 불순물 농도에 상관없이 누적 플루토늄 생성량과 일관된 상관 관계를 갖는다. 이러한 원소들은 다른 원소의 핵반응에 의해 해당 원소의 동위원소가 생성되지 않기 때문이다. 반면 ⁶Li/⁷Li과 플루토늄 생성량의 상관관계는 흑연 내 불순물의 초기 농도에 의존한다. ⁷Li은 ⁶Li의 중성자 포획 반응에 의해서 생성되기도 하지만 ¹⁰B의 (n, α)반응으로도 생성되는 것이 더 지배적이기 때문에 ¹⁰B의 초기 농도가 ⁷Li의 생성량에 영향을 미치는 것이다. 따라서 Lithium은 흑연 동위원소 비율법을 위한 지표 원소로 적절하지 않음을 알 수 있다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2019

The extensive archaeological remains at the Baekje Kingdom site of Wanggung-ri, Iksan, in the South Jeolla Province, Korea, include a seventh century workshop area that was later covered by the construction of a Buddhist temple. Remains of glass, gold, and bronze artefacts, and the ceramic crucibles used in the working of these materials, provide evidence for a multi-craft, high-temperature technology. We will report the results of both chemical compositional and lead isotope analyses for Wanggung-ri glass, which is among the earliest lead-silica glass type in East Asia, as well as review the evidence for primary glass production at Wanggung-ri.