• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

This study aimed at examining the maximal isometric contraction caused by voluntary exercise and at comparing its aspects of decrease and restoration in their different repeated application, as to the quadriceps muscles of thigh in the subjects composed of patients with spastic hemiplegia and normal adults. Using isokinetic exercise analyser(Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Biodex System 3PRO, U.S.A.), experiment was conducted as to the normal group composed of fifteen adults and the patient group composed of fifteen patients with spastic hemiplegia. As to each group, MVIC(maximal voluntary isometric contraction) of the quadriceps muscle of thigh caused by voluntary exercise and the aspects of decrease and restoration of the isometric contraction were examined with the method to induce isometric exercise, and their SDI(strength decrement index) and SRI(strength recovery index) were also calculated. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. As for decrease of maximal isometric contraction, both groups showed slow decrease in voluntary exercise, but the normal group showed rapid decrease later phase. 2. As for SDI, no significant differences could be observed in comparison between groups. 3. As for restoration of maximal isometric contraction, both groups showed slow restoration in voluntary exercise, but the normal group showed rapid restoration early phase. 4. As for SRI, comparison between groups showed significant differences in voluntary exercise. These results lead us to the conclusions that spastic muscle is characterized by slow decrease and restoration of MVIC in comparison with normal muscle in voluntary exercise.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isometric upper limb contraction on the trunk and lower extremity muscles during the sit-to-stand activity in elderly females. METHODS: Eighteen healthy elderly females performed three directional isometric upper extremity contractions (flexion, extension, and horizontal abduction movements) using an elastic band during sit-to-stand activity. Electromyography signals were collected from the internal oblique, erector spinae, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris muscles. RESULTS: Internal oblique activity was greater in bilateral shoulder flexion and bilateral shoulder horizontal abduction than in neutral position (p<.05). Erector spinae and rectus femoris muscle activities in bilateral shoulder flexion was greater than in neutral position and bilateral shoulder extension (p<.05). Biceps femoris activity was significantly greater in bilateral shoulder flexion than in bilateral shoulder extension and horizontal abduction, and in neutral position compared to bilateral shoulder extension (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that incorporating isometric upper limb contraction may be beneficial for enhancing the contribution of trunk and lower extremity muscle activities to trunk stabilization during sit-to-stand activity. Therefore, isometric upper limb contraction during sit-to-stand tasks, especially in flexion, may be used to elicit contraction of the lumbopelvic region muscles within a tolerable range, for developing endurance and strength in the elderly.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the muscle strength of quadriceps muscles by means of isokinetic test. The experimental objects were devided into electrically stimulated, isotonic and isometric groups and trained for 4weeks. The results were as follows : 1. the values of total work, peak torque, average power and the ratio of peak torque between flexors and extensors revealed singnificant statistically in three experimental groups(p<0.05). 2. The endurance was increased slightly in electrically stimulated group, but decreased in isotonic and isometric group, 3. The value of post training on all items did not reveal significant statistically in three experimental groups(P>0.05). 4. The electrically stimulated groups effected on increasing of muscle strength as isotonic and isometric exercises.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권11호
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• pp.1628-1633
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the difference and correlation in elbow joint maximal flexion strength according to measurement methods and characteristics of muscular contraction, and to develop the predictive equation of elbow joint maximal flexion strength for the optimal exercise intensity setting and accurate measurement. Subjects were 30 male university students. Elbow joint maximal flexion strength of isokinetic contraction, isometric contraction at $75^{\circ}$ elbow joint flexion position, isotonic concentric 1RM, manual muscle strength (MMT) were measured with isokinetic dynamometer, dumbbell, and manual muscle tester. Pearson's r, linear regression equation, and multiple regression equation between variables were calculated. As a result, the highest value was isometric contraction. The second highest value was MMT. The third highest value was isokinetic contraction. 1RM was the lowest. Predictive equations of elbow joint maximal flexion strength between isometric and isokinetic contraction, between isometric contraction and 1RM, among isometric contraction, 1RM, and body weight were developed. In conclusion, 1RM and isokinetic elbow joint maximal flexion strength could be seemed to underestimate the practical elbow joint maximal flexion strength. And it is suggested that the developed predictive equations in this study should be useful in criteria- and goal-setting for resistant exercise and sports rehabilitation after elbow joint injury.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess more effective exercise prescription for the people with chronic neck pain by comparing stretching exercise and isometric exercise about strength and pain. Method : The research design of the study was that 20 young adults with mild neck disability (5-14 out of 50 in Neck Disability Index) were randomized into 2 groups and underwent stretching exercise(10 peoples) and isometric exercise(10 peoples) at 3 times a week for 5weeks. Measures of pain scale (Visual Analog Scale) and Muscle strength of deep neck flexor (Pressure Biofeedback) were assessed before and after intervention. The pre and post exercise results were compared using paired t-test and the effectiveness of intervention of two groups were compared using Independent t test. Results : The results of this study were that pain reduction was seen after stretching and isometric exercise and significantly difference. There was significantly improvement of cervical flexor strength after stretching and isometric exercise. But, there was no significant difference between stretching and isometric exercise groups. Conclusion : The stretching and isometric exercise for chronic neck pain patients may use according to preference of patient because the effects of treatment was same. Further studies are needed to analyzed psycho social factors, cost effects, group approach.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.3-18
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• 1989

Two sets of isometric pushing and pulling experiments were performed by two male and two female susbjects. One set of experiments involoved isometric hand pushing and pulling in a standing erect posture, in which the thigh and pelvic regions of the subjects were braced to achieve the greatest strength. Another set of experiments involved isometric hand pushing and pulling in a free posture, in which the subjects elected their preferred postures to attain the largest strength at each of thred handle heights (low-66cm ; mid-109cm ; and high-152cm). It was shown from isometric pushing and pulling experiments in a standing erect poture that the rectus abdominis and the erector spinae muscles were acting as an antagonistic pair with respect to the L5/S1 intervertebral joint, and that the integrated EMG and the muscle force were linearly related. However, the relationships between the integrated EMG and the muscle force during isometric pushing and pulling in a free posture were not well-correlated. It is proposed that the integrated EMG results should be carefully interpreted for tasks of pushing and pulling at various handle heights.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various cool-down exercises on muscular strength and endurance. After receiving a treadmill training for main exercise, the subjects conducted isotonic and isometric cool-down exercises four times for three weeks. Isotonic exercise with leg press of 10kg was repeated by 20 times and isometric exercise was conducted at flexion of hip joint and knee joint with leg press of 10kg by maintaining it for 6 sec and resting for 2 sec by 20 times. Muscular strength after exercise was measured with 1 RM by times and muscular endurance with maximum repetition frequency using time to keep for loading the weight of 10 RM and 65% of maximum muscular strength. As a result of comparing and analyzing measured values, exercise recovery shape of isotonic and isometric cool-down group were more effective than rest recovery shape of the control group. The isometric cool-down group was more effective than isotonic cool-down group. In conclusion, isometric exercise was more effective than isotonic exercise or simple rest on muscular strength and endurance.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제14권1_4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of the lumbar stabilizing exercise on the isometric lumbar extension strength and the range of motion of lumbar extension. 16 healthy subjects were recruited (9 males, 7 females, mean age 25${\pm}$3.2). They performed 5 types of exercises 5 times per week for 4 weeks. We evaluated isometric trunk extension strength (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, $72^{\circ}$) by MedX(Ocala, FL) and measured range of motion of lumbar extension. All measurements were measured at pre-exercise and 4 weeks post-exercise. The results of this study were summarized as follows; After 4 weeks of exercise, isometric lumbar extension strength was generally increased but there were only significant differences at $12^{\circ},\;24^{\circ},\;48^{\circ}$. The range of motion of lumbar extension was increased (p<.05). The isometric lumbar extension strength correlated with the range of motion of lumbar extension. In conclusion, our results have shown that lumbar stabilizing exercise influenced both lumbar extension strength and range of motion of lumbar extension.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1994

The aim of this study was to determine the normative strength value for cervical flexors, extensors and right lateral flexors, left lateral flexors to provide a guideline for rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy patients. The isometric evaluation of cervical flexors, extensors and lateral flexors by using the Hand-held dynamometer was performed on 50 males and 50 females. The result were as follows. The average cervical muscle strength were 5.7 kg in flexor. 10.5 kg in extensors, and 6.6 kg in right lateral flexor, 6.5 kg in left lateral flexor. There was statistically significant difference between the cervical flexors and extensors(p<0.01) but no significant difference between right lateral flexor and left lateral flexor. There was statistically significant difference between male and female(p<0.01). When one of cervical muscle was strong, also the others did in subjects(p<0.01) and the body weight was significantly releated to the cervical muscle strength(p<0.01).

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine how the position of tibial rotation affects peak force and hamstring muscle activation during isometric knee flexion in healthy women. Methods: Seventeen healthy women performed maximum isometric knee flexion at 30˚ with three tibial rotation positions (tibial internal rotation, neutral position, and tibial external rotation). Surface electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the medial hamstring (MH) and lateral hamstring (LH) muscles. The strength of the knee flexor was measured with a load-cell-type strength-measurement sensor. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that MH and LH activities and peak force were significantly different among the three tibial rotation conditions (p < 0.01). The post-hoc comparison revealed that the MH EMG activity in tibial neutral and internal rotation positions were significantly greater than tibial external rotation (p < 0.01). The LH activity in tibial external rotation was significantly greater than the tibial neutral position and internal rotation (p < 0.01). The peak force of the knee flexor was also greater in the external tibial rotation position compared with the tibial neutral and internal rotation positions (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that hamstring muscle activation could be changed by tibial rotation.