• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권7호
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• pp.26.1-26.11
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• 2016

The use of probiotics for human and animal health is continuously increasing. The probiotics used in humans commonly come from dairy foods, whereas the sources of probiotics used in animals are often the animals' own digestive tracts. Increasingly, probiotics from sources other than milk products are being selected for use in people who are lactose intolerant. These sources are non-dairy fermented foods and beverages, non-dairy and non-fermented foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables, feces of breast-fed infants and human breast milk. The probiotics that are used in both humans and animals are selected in stages; after the initial isolation of the appropriate culture medium, the probiotics must meet important qualifications, including being non-pathogenic acid and bile-tolerant strains that possess the ability to act against pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract and the safety-enhancing property of not being able to transfer any antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria. The final stages of selection involve the accurate identification of the probiotic species.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.734-737
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• 1998

The hexane fractions from methanolic extracts of Anetheum graveolens L. (Umbelliferae) and Acorus gramineus Soland. (Araceae) revealed potent inhibitory activities against the resistance of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA2 when combined with ampicillin (Am) or chloramphenicol (Cm). As active principles, carvone and the liquid mixture containing carvone from Anetheum graveolens L. and a liquid mixture mainly consisting of benzoic acid phenyl-methyl ester (benzyl benzoate) from Acorus gramineus Soland. were identified. They showed resistance inhibition at the level of 20-50${\mu}g$/ml when combined with 100 or ${\mu}g$/ml of Am or Cm, respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 1995

Staphylococcus aureus SA2, which was isolated from patient, is resistant to 10 usual antibiotics. The methanolic extracts of 21 well-known herb materials were combined with 10 antibiotics and applied to cheek inhibitory effects on the resistance of S. aureus SA2. The hexane fractions from methanolic extracts of Acori graminei Rhizoma and Anethi Fructus had most potent activity to inhibit the resistance of the bacteria when combined with ampicilin or chloramphenicol.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2004

Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) generated Enterobacteriaceae including Escherichia coli is responsible for resisting antibiotics, which is clinical problem. This study was performed to investigate the isolation rates of 111 strains having positive of VITEK ESBL test 111 ESBL-strains in each month and season and statistically to determine their patterns of antibiotic test. One hundred eleven ESBL-strains were collected among 1,688 strains of E. coli isolated from various clinical specimen of one general hospital in Busan during 2002 to 2003. Month rates of ESBL-strains were 0％ to 13.3％, while the seasonal rates were highest at autumns during two years. The resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin, azteronam, ceftriaxone, and cefepime were 100％ in 2002. In ampicillin and cefazolin the resistances were 100％ during the two years. There were significant differences of cefoxitin and piperacillin/tazobactam between the two years but not significant between specimens. Four groups were divided according to the pattern of resistance and then the highest group had 93∼100％ of the resistance to 8 drugs but not resistant to imipenem.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.218-224
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• 1988

The preparation of Clostridium butyricum is used as a normalizing agent for human intestinal flora. When the microbe is simultaneously used with rifampicin, it is inactivated by the antibiotic. To develop rifampicin-resistant mutants, rifampicin-sensitive strain Miyairi II 588 of C. butyricum was treated with nitrosoguanidine (NTG). To ensure stable resistance to rifampicin, we examined whether the resistance was plasmid-mediated or chromosome-mediated. It was found that the resistance of four mutant strains was not mediated by its inherent plasmid, but by the chromosomal mutation. These strains were examined for the susceptibility and resistance to other antituberculosis agents and antibiotics. The results showed that these mutants were resistant to the high concentration of the antituberculosis agents.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.36-39
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• 2000

Acorenone, a diterpene isolated from Acorus gramineus, showed strong resistance inhibitory activity against multi-drug resistant microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus SA2, which has resistance to 10 usual antibiotics including chloramphenicol (Cm). At the level of $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ when combined with $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ of Cm. Bacterial resistance to Cm is due to the presence in resistant bacteria of an enzyme, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), which catalyses the acetyl-CoA dependent acetylation of the antibiotic at C-3 hydroxyl group. To elucidate the mechanism of resistant inhibitory effect, the acorenone which had the strongest resistant inhibitory activity, was investigated on the CAT assay. As the result, the combination of Cm and acorenone showed the strongest inhibitory activity on CAT as noncompetitive and dose dependent manner.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.343-346
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• 1996

The influence of LB20304a, a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic agent, on microflora of caecum in mice was compared with those of ciprofloxacin and piperacillin after administration of drugs for 5 days. Selective medium (CCFMA) was used for the isolation of Clostridium difficile from the specimens of mouse caecum. The emergence of C. difficile in mouse caecum induced by LB20304a was lower than that by ciprofloxacin or piperacillin at day 1 and day 7 after completing administration of drugs.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1992

S. fradiae showed the highest acetanilide p-hydroxylation activity in the tested strains. And S. fradiae was well characterized genetically, especially with respect to tylosin production. Two mutants, which lost hydroxylation, were isolated in 140 regenerated colonies from protoplasts. In restriction enzyme digesion of total DNAs, isolation of giant linear plasmid DNA and determination of antibiotic resistances to chloramphenicol, tylosin, hygromycin B and mitomycin C, any differences among mutants and a wild type strain were not detected. These facts suggest that lesion on 6, 000 Kb chromosomal DNA was responsible for the lack of p-hydroxylation activity induced by protoplast formation and regeneration.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.133-133
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• 1998

Tylopeptins A and B are novel peptides from methanol extract of fruit body of mushroom, Tylopilus neofelleus, These novel peptides were isolated by reverse-phase HPLC. And they have been shown to consist of one acetylated N -terminal residue, fourteen amino acids, and leucinol, C-terminal amino alcohol. Sequencial determination and complete 1H and 13C resonance assignments were based on positive ion F AB mass spectroscopy and two dimensional NMR techniques using HOHAHA, ROSEY, HMQC, and HMBC. These compounds are active against some Gram-positive bacteria, but inactive against phathogenic fungi and Gram-negative bacteria.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.385-394
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• 1994

항진균물질 KRF -001의 분리정제 공정에 있어서 XAD-7 크로마토그래피, 산침전법, microfiltration 을 사용하여 crude KRF-001을 분리정재하였을 때, microfiltration 방법 이 기존의 다른 두 방법보다도 회수율이 2-3배 뒤어난 것으로 판명되었으며, 실리 카겔 크로마토그래피, $C_{18}$ 크로마토그래피법을 이용 하여 분리정제방법을 간소화할 수 있였다 또한 Bonda PAK $C_{18}$ column과 Delta PAK $C_{18}$ col­ umn을 prep HPLC에 사용한 결과, 순도 90% KRF-OOI의 대량분리 정제가 가능하여 산엽화시 이를 이용할 수 있는 기초를 확립하였다.