• 한국어병학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2021

One of the major problems in fish production is that parasite-induced episodes of disease can result in significant impacts to the health of stock, mortalities and, economical losses. Seabreams are economically important fish in both the capture fishery and aquaculture sectors in Oman and represent potential species for aquaculture. The current study set out to investigate infection of polyopisthocotylean monogeneans on the gills of wild goldlined seabream, Rhabdosargus sarba, caught from Musairah region in Oman. The prevalence, mean intensity and abundance of polyopisthocotyleans on 145 fish was found to be 52.41%, 5.65 and 3.04, respectively. Three species of microcotylid parasite were isolated, one being Atrispinum acarne while the remaining two species require further study to identify them. There was no significant difference in the infection rate between host sex, however, parasite burdens were higher on larger sized fish (p<0.05) and were found to favour the first gill arch (p< 0.05). The study found that the sample of Rhabdosargus sarba landed in the waters around Musairah are heavily infected, with a predominantly immature population of microcotylids. Further work is required to better understand the potential risk each species poses to the health of its host before a decision is made on the suitability of new candidate fish species for commercial aquaculture.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1716-1721
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• 2021

Chikungunya fever is an arboviral disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The disease has similar clinical manifestations with other acute febrile illnesses which complicates differential diagnosis in low-resource settings. We aimed to develop a rapid test for CHIKV detection based on the nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay technology. The system consists of a primer set that recognizes the E1 region of the CHIKV genome and test strips in an enclosed cassette which are used to detect amplicons labeled with FITC/biotin. Amplification of the viral genome was done using open-source PCR, a low-cost open-source thermal cycler. Assay performance was evaluated using a panel of RNA isolated from patients' blood with confirmed CHIKV (n = 8) and dengue virus (n = 20) infection. The open-source PCR-NALFIA platform had a limit of detection of 10 RNA copies/ml. The assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 67.56% - 100%) and 100% (95% CI: 83.89% - 100%), respectively, compared to reference standards of any positive virus culture on C6/36 cell lines and/or qRT-PCR. Further evaluation of its performance using a larger sample size may provide important data to extend its usefulness, especially its utilization in the peripheral healthcare facilities with scarce resources and outbreak situations.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2022

Background: Chronic subscapularis tendon tear (SBT) is a degenerative disease and a common pathologic cause of shoulder pain. Several potential risk factors for chronic SBT have been reported. Although metabolic abnormalities are common risk factors for degenerative disease, their potential etiological roles in chronic SBT remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential risk factors for chronic SBT, with particular attention to metabolic factors. Methods: This study evaluated single shoulders of 939 rural residents. Each subject undertook a questionnaire, physical examinations, blood tests, and simple radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations of bilateral shoulders. Subscapularis tendon integrity was determined by MRI findings based on the thickness of the involved tendons. The association strengths of demographic, physical, social, and radiologic factors, comorbidities, severity of rotator cuff tear (RCT), and serologic parameters for SBT were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. The significance of those analyses was set at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of SBT was 32.2% (302/939). The prevalence of partial- and full-thickness tears was 23.5% (221/939) and 8.6% (81/939), respectively. The prevalence of isolated SBT was 20.2% (190/939), SBT combined with supraspinatus or infraspinatus tendon tear was 11.9% (112/939). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, dominant side involvement (p<0.001), manual labor (p=0.002), diabetes (p<0.001), metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), retraction degree of Patte tendon (p<0.001), posterosuperior RCT (p=0.010), and biceps tendon injury (p<0.001) were significantly associated with SBT. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is a potential risk factor for SBT, as are these factors: overuse activity, diabetes, posterosuperior RCT, increased retraction of posterosuperior rotator cuff tendon, and biceps tendon injury.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권1A호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 납면진받침(LRB)이 설치된 중경간 엑스트라도즈드교에서 교각의 파손, 상부구조의 이동변위, 그리고 케이블의 항복에 대한 지진위험도를 평가하였다. 지진위험도는 다수의 지진자료를 이용하여 지진에 대한 구조적 취약성을 평가한 지진취약도와 지진재해지도를 이용하여 해당지역에서의 지진재해도를 산정하여, 이들을 조합함으로써 평가할 수 있었다. 지진시 교각에서 소성힌지의 발생을 고려하기 위해 SAP2000을 사용하여 비선형 지진해석을 수행하였다. 지진자료는 암반노두에서 설계응답스펙트럼을 만족하는 인공지진을 작성한 후, SHAKE91을 사용하여 해당지역의 지반증폭효과를 고려하여 지진 가속도 시간이력을 구하여 사용하였다. 교각의 비선형 응답은 연성도를 사용하여 나타내었고, 2선형 직선의 모멘트-곡률 곡선으로 작성하였다. 본 연구에서는 대수정규분포함수로 지진취약도를 표현하였으며, 한반도를 대상으로 작성된 지진재해지도를 이용하여 지진재해도를 산정하였다. 해석결과 엑스트라도즈드교에서는 케이블과 거더보다는 교각하단에서 면진장치가 더 효과적인 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.6.1-6.11
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• 2024

Background: Chronic bovine mastitis is linked to biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus (bp-Sa) or Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (bp-Scn). Objectives: Bp-Sa and bp-Scn were treated with intramammary preparations of either enrofloxacin HCl·2H₂O-dimethyl-sulfoxide-chitosan (enro-C/DMSO/chitosan) or enro-C alone. Their potential to inhibit and degrade biofilm formation in vitro was also assessed. Methods: Milk samples were obtained from the affected quarters in a herd. Phenotypical and genotypical identifications as biofilm-producing Staphylococcus species were carried out. Enro-C/DMSO/chitosan and enro-C alone were assessed to determine their in vitro efficacy in interfering with biofilm formation and their bactericidal effects. A prolonged eight-day treatment with a twice-daily intramammary insertion of 10 mL of enro-C/DMSO/chitosan or enro-C alone was set to evaluate the clinical and bacteriological cures on day 10 in 15 cows per group and the biofilm-inhibiting ability. Results: Fifty-seven percent of the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus spp., of which 50% were bp-Sa, 46% bp-Scn, and 4% Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. One hundred percent of the S. aureus isolated and 77% of Staphylococcus coagulase-negative were biofilm producers. In both groups, the icaA and icaD biofilm-producing genes were identified. The experimental preparation could inhibit biofilm formation, degrade mature biofilms, and have well-defined microbicidal effects on planktonic and biofilm bacteria. The respective clinical and bacteriological cure rates were 100% and 80% for enro-C/DMSO/chitosan and 41.7% and 25% for enro-C alone. Conclusions: Enro-C/DMSO/chitosan eliminates bp-Sa and bp-Scn from cases of chronic bovine mastitis.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2007

목적: 이 연구에서는 갑상선 암 수술 후 방사선요오드-131 치료를 받은 환자가 방사선 안전 퇴원 기준에 따라 즉시 퇴원 했을 때 환자의 가족이 받는 방사선량을 측정하여 정부의 허용범위와 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 의사가 설명한 방사선 안전지침을 이해하고 그대로 준수하기로 동의한 11명의 외래 환자에게 3.70 - 5.55 GBq의 NaI-131을 투여하고 가족과 환자가 생활하는 방 주변의 방사선량을 측정하였다. 결과: 환자의 가족이 받은 최대 방사선량은 정부의 허용범위 보다 훨씬 적은(5% 이내) 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구자들은 외래환자 I-131 치료가 안전하다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 외래환자 I-131 치료를 통해 격리 시설부족으로 인한 치료지연을 줄일 수 있고, 앞으로 갑상선 암환자 치료 관리에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 확신한다. 또한 환자와 정부의 의료비용 절감 효과도 기대된다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1976

Sodium amylosulfate(SAS) has been reported to be an effective substance to inactivate the anti-bacterial activity of blood in blood culture media. The advantage of the use of SAS over sodium polyanethol sulfonate(SPS) is that it does not inhibit the growth of some bacteria! species which are known to be inhibited by SPS. As to S. typhi, SPS is reported to enhance the growth, however the effect of SAS on this organism is not known as yet. Using 43 strains of S. typhi, isolated from clinical materials, the authors tried to determine the effect of SAS on this organism. The methods used for this study were : the SPS and SAS paper disk I sensitivity test, tests on the growth in trypticase soy broth(TSB) with SPS and with SAS, and experimental blood culture in SPS and SAS incorporated TSB. The following results were obtined. 1). S. typhi strains with the turbidity of No. 0.5 tube of MacFarland nepherometer were inoculated onto Mueller-Hinton plate and 1mg disk of SPS and SAS were applied. After 24-hour incubation, none of the 43 strains showed inhibition zone by SPS disk, but all of them showed zones by SAS disk with a mean zone diameter of 9.5mm(Table 1). 2) Inocula consisting of one to 54 viable counts of 37 strains were inoculated into three different media; TSB with 0.05% SPS, TSB with 0.05% SAS and TSB alone. After 24-hour incubation the mean of the optical densities of each medium were 0.483, 0.482 and 0.459 respectively, showing that SAS does not inhibit the growth of S. typhi. Moreover it was shown that there was no correlation between the amount of inocula and growth(Table 2 and Fig. 1). 3). Each set of media in 5 ml amounts consisting of one tube of TSB with 0.05% SPS, one tube of TSB with 0.05% SAS and two tubes of TSB were inoculated with 8, 64. 640 and 6400 viable counts of bacteria. Then 0.5 ml of fresh normal blood was added to all tubes except for one tube of TSB. Macroscopic observation after 24 hour incubation showed a heavy growth in all tubes except for the tube of TSB plus blood, which showed only a light growth in the tube of the heaviest inoculum. This result clearly demonstrates that the growth of S. typhi is inhibited by some antibacterial activities of fresh blood, which are counter acted by SPS and SAS(Table 3). Between SPS and SAS, there was no significant difference found(Table 4 and Fig. 2). With all these results it can be postulated that the addition of SAS into a rountine blood culture media may raise the positivity of S. typhi isolation and shorten the incubation period.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2005

Ofloxacin has antimycobacterial activity that possibly contributes a pivotal role in the second-line drug regimens that are used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. However, in some communities, the resistance rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to this agent is surging. Therefore, a rapid and accurate method that can be used to determine the resistance of M tuberculosis to the ofloxacin can be very useful for effective treatment of the patients. As an effort to develop such a method, this study was set up to reveal general types of mutations that are related to ofloxacin resistance of M tuberculosis. From previous studies, it has been well known that ofloxacin resistance is associated with mutations in a gene encoding the gyrase A subunit protein. In this study, we obtained 43 ofloxacin-resistant and 50 ofloxacin-susceptible M tuberculosis clinical isolates from Masan National TB Hospital, and sequences of DNA fragment of 320 bp, region of gyrA corresponding to the ofloxacin resistance-determining region were analyzed. In brief, the results showed that a total of seven mutation types were found at gyrA. Theses mutations were all clustered within nucleotides 2574 to 2586 of the gyrA gene (codons 88 to 94). Codon 94 was the most frequently substituted site. Twenty-four of the 43 isolates had mutations at this position resulting in a total of five different types of amino acid changes $(Asp{\to}Ala,\;Asp{\to}Gly,\;Asp{\to}His,\;Asp{\to}Tyr,\;and\;Asp{\to}Asn)$. Five isolates contained a mutation at codon 90 resulting $Ala{\to}Val$ change. Four isolates had mutations at codon 91 causing a $Ser{\to}Pro$ change at this site. Two isolates contained a mutation at codon 88 and each of them resulted in different types of amino acid changes $(Gly{\to}Cys,\;Gly{\to}Ala)$. On the other hand, polymorphic site at codon 95 was found in both ofloxacin-resistant and ofloxacin-susceptible isolates. From these results, we concluded that the rate of mutations present in gyrA among ofloxacin-resistant M. tuberculosis in Korea is similar to the general rates of mutations found throughout the world. Subsequently, an oligonucleotide probe was designed based on the results of sequence analysis and was used to develop a dot blot hybridization assay system to determine ofloxacin-resistance of M tuberculosis. To evaluate this probe, dot-blot hybridization was carried out using other 57 clinical isolates, and the results showed that the dot-blot hybridization assay is good for detecting sequence alterations atgyrA gene.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.410-420
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 트램의 능동식 우선신호를 위해 해석적 방법을 이용하여 신호시간 및 트램의 교차로 대기시간을 산정하기 위한 모형을 제시하였다. 본 모형을 통해 상류부 검지기에서 트램이 검지된 시간을 기준으로 능동형 우선 신호 기법 중 Early Green 및 Green Extension을 위한 신호시간을 결정할 수 있다. 또한 본 모형은 트램 통행의 관점에서 트램의 교차로 지체를 의미하는 트램의 교차로 대기시간을 산정할 수 있다. 우선신호의 구동환경에서 비우선 현시의 잔여녹색시간에서 우선현시의 추가녹색시간을 제공하게 되며, 트램은 비우선현시의 최소녹색시간 동안 교차로에서 대기하게된다. 본 모형에서는 우선신호의 신호시간 및 트램의 교차로 대기시간을 해석적 방법으로 모형화하였다. 독립교차로를 대상으로 하는 사례분석에서는 120초의 주기길이에 비우선현시의 여유녹색시간을 44초에서 10초까지 적용하여 트램의 평균 교차로 대기시간이 12.7초에서 29.4초까지 산정됨을 확인하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2007

Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most important cultured fish in Korea, its farming has been negatively impacted by viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases. Streptococcal infection was considered as a serious problem because of significant economic losses in olive flounder farm industry. The development and evaluation of vaccine for protection against infection by this agent were required. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of ${\beta}$-hemolytic Streptococcus (S.) iniae vaccine on olive flounder Three hundreds of flounders (weight $119.8{\pm}20.7g$, body length $22.6{\pm}1.4cm$) were reared in 0.5 tons aquaria in land-marine tank system. Seawater was provided from the sea of Inchon in Korea, and water temperature was set to $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ in the vaccination and challenge test, respectively. We used the formalin-inactivated ${\beta}$-hemolytic S. iniae (F2K) vaccine (M VAC INIAE; Kyoritsu seiyaku, Japan) originated in Japan. The vaccine was intraperitoneally administered to fish. Both of vaccinated group and control group were challenged with intraperitoneally injection by virulent S. iniae SI-36 isolates with $1.0{\times}10^7CFU/fish$ at 3 weeks after vaccination. Difference on mortality of control and vaccinated group (90.0 and 15.0%, 76.5 and 8.0% respectively) at two trials were found significant (p<0.05), and relative percent survival were 83.4% and 89.5%, respectively. The dead fishes were showed dark pigmentation of skin, abdominal extension, hemorrhagic ascites, and liver necrosis, and isolated the S. iniae strain from ascites, liver and kidney. We confirmed the safety and efficacy of ${\beta}$-hemolytic S. iniae vaccine by determinations of the optimal management condition and artificial challenge test in olive flounder.