• 환경생물
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2003

Composition of isoflavone in cotyledon and hypocotyl of soybean were detected using HPLC. Optimum conditions for extracting isoflavone from hypocotyl were studied as well. Contents of isoflavone in soybean cotyledon and hypocotyl were 482.5 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ and 3453.3 mg 100 100 $g^{-1}$, respectively. Hypocotyl contained 7~8 times move isoflavone than corresponding cotyledon of the soybean. Malonyl glycoside accounted for move than 70% of the total isoflavone, followed by glycoside, acetyl glycoside, and aglycone. Aqueous ethanol of 60~80% was the most suitable solvent for extracting isoflavone from the hypocotyl. Optimum temperature and time was $90^{\circ}C$, 1hr. Acetic acid, NaCl, and NaOH added to 80% ethanol suppressed extraction yield of the phytochemieal.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1048-1050
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• 2011

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2007

This study was designed to find the optimum conditions for converting isoflavone glycoside to aglycone by ${\beta}-galactosidase$. Three different forms of the enzyme were tested and the optimum enzyme concentration, incubation temperature, pH, and incubation time were determined. Before treatment with enzyme, isoflavone contained 89.4% glycoside including daidzin, glycitin and genistin, and only 10.6% aglycone including daidzein, glycitein and genistein. Among the enzymes tested, the highest rate of isoflavone hydrolysis to aglycone, 35%, was observed when 3 unit/g Fungal Lactase (Amano Enzyme) was used. Higher incubation temperatures resulted in a higher rate of hydrolysis along with a greater loss of isoflavone mass. Therefore, body temperature $(37^{\circ}C)$ may be adequate for isoflavone conversion, with 44.9% hydrolysis and less than 10% loss of mass. As expected, a higher amount of aglycone was produced at pH 7 compared with other pH values. During 5hr of incubation, the conversion of glycoside to aglycone increased dramatically from 0 to 1hr, and plateaued thereafter. In addition, commercial soy-based milk was hydrolyzed more effectively with ${\beta}-galactosidase$ when incubated for 5hr. Based on the above results, the optimum conditions for isoflavone hydrolysis by ${\beta}-galactosidase$ were for 3 hr at $37^{\circ}C$, pH 7 with 3 unit/g Fungal Lactase (Amano Lactase), yielding an average total amount of aglycone ranging from 40 to 47%.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2009

A total of 155 microbial strains were isolated from the Korean traditional soybean paste based on their morphological features on the growth of agar plate. Among the isolated strains, a total of 28 strains were capable of hydrolyzing isoflavone glycoside to isoflavone aglycone efficiently in the soybean paste. Finally, two strains, K123-1 and SI, were selected because of their resistance to 15% NaCl and ability to convert isoflavone glycoside to isoflavone aglycone efficiently during the fermentation of soybean paste. The isolated strains K123-1 and SI were identified to be Pichia guilliermondii and Candida fermentati, respectively, using the partial 26S rDNA sequence analysis and phylogenic analysis. Pichia guilliermondii K123-1 and Candida fermentati SI converted daidzin to daidzein up to 96% and 95%, respectively, and genistin to genistein up to 92% when soybean pastes were fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ for 20 days with a single isolated strain. Pichia guilliermondii K123-1 and Candida fermentati SI were able to grow in the presence of 15% NaCl on both liquid medium and agar plate. We think that Pichia guilliermondii K123-1 and Candida fermentati SI might be one of good candidates for making functional soybean paste because they are isolated from the Korean traditional soybean paste and have a good ability to convert isoflavone glycosides to isoflavone aglycones and a high salt tolerance.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2004년도 제34차 추계 국제 학술대회
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• pp.371-374
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• 2004

본 연구는 식물성 에스트로겐인 isoflavone 배당체의 ${\beta}-1,4\;glycoside$ 결합을 ${\beta}-galactosidase$로 분해하여 그 생리적 작용이 더욱 효과적인 aglycone화 하기 위한 조건을 연구하여 기능성식품개발에 응용토록 하는데 목적이 있다. 실험 결과, 모든 ${\beta}-galactosidase$가 ${\beta}-1,4\;glycoside$ 결합의 분해력이 인정되지는 않았으며, 분해 가능성이 인정된 효소를 선택하여 실험한 결과 효소의 함량이 증가함에 따라 aglycone의 성분비율이 증대된 반면, 그 손실률 또한 증대되었고 배양시간이 길수록 aglycone의 성분비율이 증가하였으나 배양초기에 급격한 증가율을 보였으며, pH6과 7, 8에서 유사한 정도의 증가율을 보였고, 온도가 증가함에 따라 aglycone 성분비율이 증가되었지만 $40^{\circ}C$이상에서는 그 손실률이 크게 증가하였다. 결과적으로 판단해 볼 때, isoflavone을 aglycone화 하는데 있어 인체 내 유사조건에서 aglycone의 증가율이 높았으며 최적의 조건과 많은 차이를 나타내지 않았고 그 손실률 또한 최소화된 결과를 나타내어 isofalvone을 적용한 기능성 유제품을 연구하는데 있어 긍정적인 가능성을 보였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 여주 분말(bitter melon powder, BMP) 첨가 청국장 발효 중 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 활성 변화, 총 phenolics와 isoflavone 함량, 항산화 활성 변화 및 관능평가를 조사하였다. 청국장 발효 중 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 활성은 48 hr까지는 증가한 후 72 hr에는 감소하였으며, 총 phenolics, isoflavone-malonylglycoside 및 isoflavone-aglycone 함량은 증가하였고 이에 상응하여 항산화 활성 역시 증가하였으나, 총 isoflavone 및 isoflavone-glycoside 함량은 감소하였다. 한편, 발효종기 5% BMP 첨가 청국장은 또 다른 시료들과 비교하여 가장 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 특히, 발효 72 hr 후 5% BMP 첨가 청국장의 총 phenolics와 daidzein 함량 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성, ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성 및 환원력은 각각 13.5 mg/g, $390.57{\mu}g/g$, 90.74%, 99.79% 및 1.705($OD_{593nm}$) 있었다. 부가적으로 여주 분말이 첨가될수록 청국장의 이취도는 감소하였다. 이들 결과로부터 여주 분말 첨가로 기호성과 항산화 활성이 개선된 새로운 타입의 청국장 제조가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3863-3866
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• 2013

• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2013

잠재적인 생균제제 Bacillus subtilis CSY191에 의해 제조된 국산 검정콩(서리태 및 서목태) 청국장 발효 중 ${\beta}$-glycosidase 활성, total phenolic와 isoflavone 함량 및 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 청국장 발효 후 total phenolic 및 isoflavone-malonylgycoside와 -aglycone 함량은 증가하였고 이에 따라 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 및 FRAP 활성은 증가하였으나 isoflavone-glycoside 함량은 감소하였다. 특히, $7^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 발효된 서리태 청국장은 서목태 원료 및 청국장보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 서리태 48시간 발효 후, daidzein, glycitein 및 genistein의 함량은 각각 253.0 ${\mu}g/g$ 72.5 ${\mu}g/g$ 및 114.1 ${\mu}g/g$을 나타내었다. 이 결과로부터, 검정콩 청국장의 높은 항산화 활성은 total phenolic 및 isoflavonemalonylgycoside와 -aglycone 함량 증가에 의한 것으로 추측할 수 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.544-546
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• 2004

Phytochemical investigation of the whole plants of Grata/aria sessiliflora L. led to the isolation of four flavonoids. The structures of these compounds were identified as 2',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-isoflavone (1), 2',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone (2), 4',7-dihydroxyflavone (3), and isovitexin (4) using spectroscopic analysis. Among these, compounds 2, and 3 have not been reported from Crotalaria species, whereas compounds 1, and 4 were reported from this plant for the first time.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.641-645
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the possibility of using three commercial bifidobacteria as a starter for soybean paste fermentation. In order to determine susceptibility to inhibition by high concentrations of salt in soybean paste, cell growth of three strains in sterilized soybean paste was analyzed. Bifidobacterium breve KCTC 5081 was the most resistant to salt, whereas Bifidobacterium bifidum KCTC 5082 showed low cell viability. Conversion efficiencies from glycoside isoflavone to aglycon isoflavone in soybean paste ranged from 11.3~28.6%, with Bifidobacterium longum KCTC 5734 the best strain. Therefore, B. longum KCTC 5734 may be used as a starter for Cheonggukjang fermentation, which is low-salt fermented soybean paste.