• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2005

The vegetation of Bijin and Yongcho Islets was investigated from February 1, 2000 to March 30, 2002, and forest structure was constructed. Vascular plants of this area consisted of 12 forms, 59 varieties, 476 species, 352 genera, 112 families and 37 orders. Among them, 37 species (6.8% out of the total 547 taxa) of evergreen broad leaved trees, 36 species (6.6% out of the total 547 taxa and 19.7% out of the total naturalized plants in Korea) of naturalized plants, 6 species of endemic plants and 41 species of cultivated plants were observed. Rare and endangered plants include 1 taxa: Crypsinus hastatus ('98-4). The vegetation in this study area was classified into 9 communities (Pinus thunbergii, Castanopsis cuspidata var thunbergii Camellia japonica, Neolitsea sericea, Machilus thunbergii, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus coreana, Platycarya strobilacea, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens) and 1 afforestation (Alnus firma).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.453-460
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• 2008

This study conducted an analysis of plant species composition and vegetation at sea cliffs of the uninhabited islets off Ganghwa-gun by applying discontinuous classification method & continuous ordination method of species composition table by correlation. The analysis results are as follows: First, the plant showing the highest appearance frequency was Parthenocissus tricuspidata Planch.(58.3%), followed by Carpinus coreana Nak., Viburnum carlesii Hemsl. and Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz.(37.5%,respectively). As for a plant community, it was found that it consisted of Quercus mongolica community, Tilia mandshurica community, Carpinus coreana community, Sorbus alnifolia community and Pinus thunbergii community; as for the community distribution classified by individual islet, it was revealed that Quercus mongolica community appeared at Sosongdo and Bunjido; Tilia mandshurica community at Sosongdo and Daesongdo; Carpinus coreana community appeared at Woodo, Suribong and Bido; Sorbus alnifolia community at Susido, Sosongdo and Daesongdo, and Pinus thunbergii community at Seokdo and Woodo, respectively. The plant similarity classified by uninhabited islet was found to be the highest at Sosongdo and Daesongdo. This research judged the reason why the typical grassland community of coastal cliffs did not join these islets to be environmental conditions of rock landform where there exists almost no surface soil at most sea cliffs; thus, more detailed study on this was required.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.421-430
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• 2000

The regional distribution and relative frequency of the pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of the Korean native goat (Capra hircus) were studied by immunohistochemical methods (PAP methods) using specific antisera against to PP during developmental stage, fetus, neonate, 1-month-old, 6-month-old and adult. The different regional distribution and relative frequency of PP-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of Korean native goat were observed during development. In the exocrine portions, they were detected in the all ages and distributed in the interacinar regions. PP-immunoreactive cells were increased from neonate to 1-month-old but thereafter decreased with developmental stage. In the pancreatic duct, PP-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated from 1-month-old but they were decreased with developmental stages in these regions. These cells were observed in the subepithelial connective tissue of the pancreatic duct with a few frequencies in 1-and 6-month-old. However, they were located in the interepithelial cells of the pancreatic duct in the adult with rare frequency. In the endocrine portion (pancreatic islets), PP-immunoreactive cells were observed from neonate, and the regional distribution of PP-immunoreactive cells from 1-month-old was divided into two patterns : dispersed 1) in the marginal regions of the pancreatic islets with moderate or a few frequencies, and 2) in the whole pancreatic islets (in a case of 1-month-old) or in the central cores (in a case of 6-month-old and adult) with numerous frequency. In conclusion, the different regional distribution and relative frequency of PP-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of the Korean native goat were observed during development. It is suggested that the changing of feeding habits and physiological conditions during different developmental stages may cause these differences.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.339-347
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• 2003

The regional distribution and relative frequency of some endocrine cells in the pancreas of the Korean aucha perch, Coreoperca herzi Herzenstein belonging to the family Serranidae in order Perciformis, were observed using specific mammalian antisera against serotonin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) by peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The pancreas was divided into four portions (principal and secondary islets, exocrine and pancreatic duct regions). In addition, the pancreatic islet regions were further subdivided into three regions (central, mantle and peripheral regions). Spherical to spindle or occasionally round to oval immunoreactive (IR) cells were demonstrated in the pancreatic islets and exoccrine portions, but no cells were detected in the pancreatic duct portions. In the principal islets, serotonin-IR cells were not detected but most of insulin-IR cells were located in the central regions and they were also demonstrated in the mantle and peripheral regions in moderate and rare frequencies, respectively. Glucagon- and hPP-IR cells were mainly situated in the mantle regions but the cells were also demonstrated in the peripheral regions in relatively lower frequency. Somatostatin-IR cells were evenly distributed in the central and mantle regions in a few frequency and cells were also demonstrated in the peripheral regions in rare frequency. Cell clusters were consisted of hPP-IR cells that were situated in the peripheral to mantle regions. In the secondary islet portions, serotonin-IR cells were randomly distributed throughout the whole pancreatic islet regions but lower frequency was detected in the peripheral regions compared to that in central and mantle regions where cells were detected in a few frequency, respectively. Insulin-IR cells were restricted to the central regions in numerous frequency and glucagon-IR cells were evenly distributed in the mantle and peripheral regions in moderate frequencies, respectively. Somatostatin-IR cells were observed in the central and mantle regions in moderate and a few frequencies, respectively. In addition, hPP-IR cells showed similar distributional patterns to those of glucagon-IR cells except cells were also located in the central regions in rare frequency. In the exocrine portions, only glucagon- and hPP-IR cells were demonstrated in rare and a few frequencies, respectively. In conclusion, the regional distribution and relative frequency of pancreatic endocrine cells of the Korean aucha perch showed general patterns, which were observed in other teleost. However, some species-dependent different distributional patterns and/or relative frequencies were also demonstrated especially to serotonin-IR cells. In pancreas of the Korean aucha perch, insulin-IR cells were the most predominant cell type followed by glucagon-, somatostatin-, hPP- and serotonin-IR cells.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

The development of various spatial information and GIS has led to the research on interpretation of natural phenomena and correlational studies. This study is aimed to analyze the correlation between RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) around Nakdong River area during the period of 1955 to 2005 and the amount of area change in the islets at the estuary terrain calculated in the study "Change Detection at the Nakdong Estuary Delta using Satellite Image and GIS". For the calculation of RUSLE, The 'Revised-USLE' model, a modified USLE model commonly used in Korea was used. For the rainfall erosion factor to calculate and compare the area of islets, the actual observation data for one year before the observation of satellite image from all observatories across Korea was used. The correlation coefficient between RUSLE and area change of islets was 0.57 for Jinwoo Islet; 0.7 for Sinja Islet; 0.87 for Doyodeung. This results showed that there was a great influence from Doyodeung where the main water way of Nakdong River runs. This study showed that the study using USLE for various fields and through identifying the characteristics of each factor is useful to understand natural phenomenon in practice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-47
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• 2005

First, mice were dosed with 50mg/kg of streptozotocin(STZ) twice every 24 hours to cause high blood-sugar. Then, after three days, mice were injected with 100mg/kg of STZ again. Two different dosages of Saengjihwangeumja-gami were given to the experiment groups: SA group, 15mg/kg/day, and SB group, 90mg/kg/day, in order to determine the effects of Saengjihwangeumja-gami, which has been known to be good for DM(Diabetes Mellitus). By observing weight and blood-sugar level changes, blood tolerance, the numerical value of BUN(Blood Urea Nitrogen) and creatinine in blood, and through light-electronicmicroscopic and immunohistologic investigations of pancreas and kidneys, the following results were obtained: 1. The experiment groups showed a high suppressive effect of weight-loss. 2. The experiment groups' blood-sugar and blood tolerance showed an effective lowering of blood-sugar levels. 3. The experiment groups did not show any noticeable change in the numerical value of BUN and creatinine in blood compared with that of the control groups. 4. The experiment groups showed a higher Insulin positive reaction of pancreatic islets ${/beta}-cell$ than the control groups. 5. The experiment groups showed a higher immuno-reaction against IGF- II than the control groups. 6. Observation of apoptosis of the pancreatic islets showed that the cells of experiment groups were less injured compared with those of the control groups, and fewer apoptag-positive reaction cells were seen in experiment groups than in the control groups. 7. Uunder electron-microscopy, the insulin-containing granules in pancreatic islets ${/beta}-cells$ had increased more in the experiment groups than in the control groups. 8. Under light microscopy, the injury on the inner & outer membrane of the glomerulus and epithelial cells of capillaries and cells among vessels were fewer in the experiment groups than in the control groups. 9. More apoptag-positive reaction cells in the kidney were seen in the control groups than in the experiment groups. 10. PAS-positive reaction substances had increased more in the substrate among the vessels of a glomerulus belonging to the control group than those of the experiment group. 11. Uunder electron-microscopy, the nucleonic membrane, nucleoplasm and mitochondria of proximal and distal renal tubular were more injured in the control groups than in the experiment groups. In conclusion, strong evidence for the efficacy of Saengjihwangeumja-gami in lowering blood-sugar, and in recovery and generation of pancreatic tissues injured by DM was observed. Results suggest Saengjihwangeumja-gami is an effective treatment for DM. Further study of the principles of blood-sugar dropping effects of Saengjihwangeumja-gami are needed, as well as further study of recovery and regeneration of pancreatic tissues injured by DM.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

The distributions and relative frequencies of the serotonin-immunoreactive cells were studied in dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobes of developing chicken pancreas during embryonic periods (10 days of incubation to hatching) by immunohistochemical methods. The regions of pancreas were subdivided into three regions, exocrine, light and dark islets. Round and/or oval shaped serotonin-immunoreactive cells were detected in all four lobes. According to developmental stages, the types of lobes and the regions of pancreas, these immunoreactive cells were showed various distributions and relative frequencies. In exocrine portions, serotonin-immunoreactive cells were found in the splenic lobes at 13-14 days of incubation, in the third lobes from 10 days to 19 days of incubation, in the ventral lobes from 10 days of incubation to hatching and in the dorsal lobes from 11 days of incubation to hatching. In pancreatic islets, these cells were detected only in the dark islets of splenic lobes at 15 and 16 day of incubation with rare frequency. In conclusion, serotonin-immunoreactive cells decreased with developmental stages in all four lobes and their relative frequencies decreased with developmental stages.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2002

The regional distribution and relative frequency of the pancreatic endocrine cells in the ICR mouse were studied by immunohistochemical (PAP) method using four types of specific antisera against insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The pancreas of mice could be divided into three portions; pancreatic islets, exocrine and pancreatic ducts. Pancreatic islets, furthermore, were subdivided into three regions (central, mantle and peripheral region) according to their located types of immunoreactive cells. In the pancreatic islet portions, insulin-immunoreactive cells were located in the central and mantle regions but most of somatostatin-, glucagon- and PP-immunoreactive cells were detected in the mantle and peripheral regions with various frequencies. In addition, PP-immunoreactive cells were also found in the central regions of pancreatic islets of ICR mouse. In the exocrine portions, all four types of immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the ICR mouse. In the pancreatic duct portions, insulin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were situated in the epithelial lining of ICR mouse with a few and rare frequencies, respectively. In addition, rare PP-immunoreactive cells were also demonstrated in the subepithelial regions of the pancreatic duct. However, no somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2010

This text was analyzed and investigated the vegetation and floristic composition by ordination and classification of phytosociological method, to evaluate the species composition and community structure of Cymbidium goeringii group in Korean islets. In habitat of 33 plots, the mean altitude was 65.9m, the direction was the southeast slope, the mean slope was 7.9%. The coverage of Cymbidium goeringii was 4.5%. The appearing plants with the Cymbidium goeringii was the total 102 taxa, and it was the kind of trees 68 taxa (66.7%), herbs 34 taxa (33.3%), evergreen plants 36 taxa (35.3%) and deciduous plants 66 taxa (64.7 %) respectively. The frequency of appearing plant was the highest in the Eurya japonica (48.5%), followed by Pinus thunbergii (45.5%), Smilax china (36.4%), Carex lanceolata (33.3%), Hedera rhombea (33.3%), Machilus thunbergii (30.0%), Styrax japonicus (30.3%) and Pinus densiflora (27.3%), respectively. The vegetation of tree layer in Cymbidium goeringii group was classified into Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community, Castanopsis sieboldii community and Quercus variabilis community. Pinus densiflora community showed a strong combination with Cymbidium goeringii group in Korean islets. Pinus thunbergii community among communities was combined with Castanopsis sieboldii community, and Pinus densiflora community and Quercus variabilis community were combined.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.372-373
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• 2003