• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.8-12
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• 2022

Water loss is one of the typical but challenging problems in water management. To reduced water loss or increase water efficiency, the pilot projects were implemented in the TTD's irrigation area. Modern soil moisture technology and local level water user training were conducted together as a mean to achieve improved water efficiency. In terms of technology, soil moisture sensors and monitoring system were used to estimate crop water requirement to reduce unnecessary irrigation. This was found to save 16.47% of irrigated water and 25.20% of irrigation supply. Further improvement of water efficiency was gained by means of local level water user training in which stakeholders were engaged in the network of communications and co-planning. The lessons learnt from the TTD pilot project was translated into good water management practices at local level.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2009

본 연구는 전 세계적으로 물 부족 현상으로 인한 물의 사용에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 네 종류의 난지형 잔디에 각기 다른 비율의 적자란수를 함으로써 식물의 생리학적인 반응, 즉 시각적 품질, 잎의 물 함량, 엽록소 함량, 광합성, 물 이용효율 등이 어떤 반응을 보이는지를 이해하고 그에 따른 상관관계를 분석 해보고자 했다. 결론적으로 20% 정도 적자 관수를 했을 때 식물은 약간의 스트레스를 받는 상태에서도 적자 관수를 하지 않은 식물과 비교했을 때 광합성량의 차이가 없었으며 가장 이상적인 생리학적인 반응을 보였다. 뿌리 발육 부분에 있어서도 적자관수를 통한 건조스트레스는 깊은 뿌리 생육을 촉진하는 관리방법으로 적용되었다. 다음 연구는 잔디가 각기 다른 토양 수분상태에서 일정하게 유지되었을때 지상부와 지하부의 생육에 따른 생리학적인 반응에 대한 연구로 확대되어야 할 것이다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 비점오염저감장치를 이용하여 밭 시험포장에서의 저감효과를 평가하기 위하여, 경남 사천시 용현면에 시험포장을 설치하고 포장실험을 수행하였다. 시험포장은 6개의 시험구와 3개의 침사구로 구성되어 있으며, 각 시험구의 크기는 가로 5 m, 세로 22 m의 크기로 각 시험구의 말단에는 유출량을 측정하기 위한 수위계를 설치하였고, 포장에서의 강우량을 측정하기 위해 강우계를 설치하였다. 인공강우 실험을 통해 유출수의 시간변화에 따른 수질을 측정한 결과 초기 유출시 SS, TOC, T-N, T-P, COD, NTU의 농도는 각각 15.00, 1.54, 5.27, 0.07, 4.72, 0.45 mg/L로 나타났으며, 4시간 후의 농도는 각각 1.00, 0.94, 4.06, 0.01, 0.60, 0.33 mg/L로 측정되었다. 대부분의 수질측정값이 초기 유출시 높고 시간이 흐름에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 인공강우에 의한 유출실험 결과, 침사구에서의 부유물질은 시간이 흐름에 따라 눈으로 식별 가능할 정도로 줄었으나 각 수질측정값은 불규칙한 경향을 보였으며, 이는 샘플링 시료에 포함되는 부유물질의 양이 일정하지 않았기 때문으로 풀이된다. 향후 추가적인 연구를 통해 밭비점오염원 저감효과를 평가하고 제어대책을 개발하게 되면 밭에서의 비점오염, 배출을 최소화시켜 수질개선에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2014

유기농산물인증과 무농약농산물인증 지역의 논토양에 대한 연구를 위하여 고성지역 친환경작목반 중심으로 유기농산물 생산지역 266필지와 무농약 농산물 생산지역 545필지로 나누어 비교 조사하였다. 유기재배지 토양의 Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, $Cr^{6+}$, Zn, Ni는 각각 0.05, 14.5, 1.08, 0.92, 10.7, 1.34, 35.9, 22.2 mg $kg^{-1}$인 반면에 무농약 재배지 토양은 각각 0.32, 13.6, 1.01, 0.03, 10.4, 0.91, 42.4, 22.5 mg $kg^{-1}$이었다. 토양의 화학성 중 pH, 유기물, 유효 $P_2O_5$, 유효 $SiO_2$의 평균값은 유기 재배지 토양에서 각각 5.9, 28.9 g $kg^{-1}$, 126.2 mg $kg^{-1}$, 150.8 mg $kg^{-1}$이었으며, 무농약 재배지 토양은 각각 5.92, 28.4 g $kg^{-1}$, 98.4 mg $kg^{-1}$, 230.1 mg $kg^{-1}$이었다. 치환성 양이온인 $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mn^{2+}$의 평균값은 유기재배지 토양의 경우 각각 0.22, 4.83, 0.94 cmol + $kg^{-1}$이었고, 무농약 재배지 토양의 경우 각각 0.33, 5.25, 1.04 cmol+ $kg^{-1}$이었다. 유기 재배지 농업용수의 pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS는 각각 7.23, 8.40, 2.80, 1.86, 2.58 mg $l^{-1}$이었고, 무농약 재배지의 농업용수는 각각 7.65, 9.16, 2.25, 4.11, 4.00 mg $l^{-1}$이었다. 이와 결과를 기초로 하면, 유기농산물과 무농약농산물의 인증기준이 되는 토양과 농업용수의 차이가 없기 때문에 한국의 유기농산물과 무농약농산물로 나누어진 친환경농산물인증을 국제기준의 유기(식품)인증으로 일원화하여야 할 것으로 본다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2003

The principal operation rule of irrigation reservoir is to accelerate the water use and supply water actively when water is sufficient, and to restrict water use and supply water deficiently in order not to stop the irrigation activity when water is scarce. In drought seasons. water should be saved in order to keep the reservoir not to be dried up during the irrigation season. It is important to know how much water should be saved, depending on the rice-growing season and water storage volume. For the drought control of irrigation reservoirs. the rotational irrigation scheduling in paddy with the operation rule curve developed in this study could be utilized as a software program to install TM/TC system for irrigation water supply by automation facilities.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2000년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.108-113
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• 2000

A field study was performed to investigate the effect of water saving irrigation method on water use efficiency and rice yield. The field plot was 40a (40 ${\times}$ 100m) in size and located at Buryangmyun, Kimjae city, Chonbuk province. Field measurements were made during the growing seasons, May to September of the year 1998 and 1990. Irrigation water volume, drainage water volume, rainfall and ponding depth were measured. Irrigation water management practice employed was such that to keep the ponding depth about 3 to 4cm by intermittent irrigation with drying the soil surface until hair cracks emerge before the next irrigation. The amounts of water volume irrigated and drained were measured by pipe flow meter and ponding depth was observed by using a partly buried 120mm diameter PVC pipe. The results showed that the irrigation water depths, the rainfalls, and the drainage depths were 379mm, 458mm, and 448mm in 1988, and 274mm, 819mm, and 736mm in 1990, respectively. The average yield was 590kg per 10a. The water saving irrigation method saved irrigation water by about 20% with higher yield compared with the traditional method.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

It is to show the problems of the existing techniques to estimate agricultural water demand and to suggest the new methods considering the water demand for non-irrigated area and decrease of water loss in canal. It is to suggest the methods to improve the techniques for estimating agricultural water demand and to analyze the water demand and supply according to the facilities capacity. Until now, the concept of per the unit used to estimate agriculture water demand is useful to estimate demand, but is insufficient to cope with the variations of conditions in future. And the paddy area of government is not realistic against a trend of decrease. Water demand decrease is caused by constructions of irrigation facilities as constructing of irrigation canal, but application loss ratio is fixed. Increase of the water demand owing to the increase of the yield per the unit area is also the actual condition which is not considered. The guide-line must contain these contents for a demand estimate.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.243-256
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• 2000

This physically-based hydrologic model is developed to calculate the soil-moisture balance on paddy fields. This model consists of three modules; the first is the unsaturated module, the second is the rice evapotranspiration module with SPAC(soil-plant-atmospheric-continuum), and the third is the groundwater and open channel flows based upon the interrehtionship module. The model simulates the hydrlogical processes of infiltration, soil water storage, deep perocolation or echarge to the shallow water table, transpiration and evaporation from the soil surface and also the interrelationship of the groundwater and river flow exchange. To verify the applicability of the developed model, it was applied to the Kimjae Plains, located in the center of the Dongjin river basin in Korea, during the most serious drought season of 1994. The result shows that the estimated water net requirement was 757mm and the water deficit was about 5.9% in this area in 1994. This model can easily evaluate the irrigated water quantity and visualize the common crop demands and soil moisture conditions.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.641-647
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• 2015

Monitoring of soil fertility by long-term application of fertilizers is necessary to improve the fertility of soil and the productivity of crop. The objective of this study was conducted to investigate the changes of exchangeable Mg by continuous application of fertilizers from 1969 to 2014. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.) and fertilization (NPK, NPK+C, NPK+S, and NPK+CS). The concentration of exchangeable Mg in No fert., NPK+C, and NPK+S treatments tended to increase from 1965 to 1975, but decrease gradually from 1976 to 1987, and increase again after 1988. Based on these, the changes of exchangeable Mg were divided into period I ('69 ~'75), period II ('76~'87), and period III ('88~'14). Especially, exchangeable Mg decreased in the period II. This was presumed that a significant amount of Mg from topsoil were leached into subsoil by break of plow pan and some of subsoil was incorporated into topsoil according to change of plowing depth by replacement of tillage machinery. It could be possible that exchangeable Mg in NPK, NPK+S, and NPK+CS was accumulated in the depth of 15~20 cm. For the period III, exchangeable Mg in No fert., NPK, NPK+C, NPK+S, and NPK+CS treatments increased at rates of 0.013, 0.018, 0.015, 0.023, and $0.024cmolckg^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ respectively. Exchangeable Mg level in NPK+S was lower than the other treatments in the period I and period II, but higher than in the period III. This result was attributed to replacement of silicate fertilizer type from wollastonite (Mg 0.3%) to silicate fertilizer (Mg 3%). Also, exchangeable Mg level of No fert. treatment increased, which showed that Mg concentration of irrigated water had the greatest impact on Mg accumulation of soil. Recently, Mg level of irrigated water tended to increase, indicating that Mg concentration of water will affect greatly the concentration of exchangeable Mg of soil in the future. Like these, the changes of exchangeable Mg were greatly influenced by agricultural environment such as plowing depth, plow pan, content of fertilizer, and quality of irrigated water. Considering these agricultural environment, the proper management of soil is needed for the improvement of soil fertility and crop productivity.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2017

Agricultural water management has gained enormous attention in the developing world to alleviate poverty, reduce hunger and conserve ecosystems in small-scale production systems of resource-poor farmers. The story of food security in the $21^{st}$ century in India is likely t o be closely linked to the story of water security. Today, the water resource is under severe threat. The past experiences in India in general and in Andhra Pradesh in particular, indicated inappropriate management of irrigation has led to severe problems like excessive water depletion, reduction in water quality, water logging, salinization, marked reduction in the annual discharge of some of the rivers, lowering of ground water tables due to pumping at unsustainable rates, intrusion of salt water in some coastal areas etc. Considering the importance of irrigation water resource efficiency, Krishna Western Delta (KWD) of Andhra Pradesh was purposively selected for this in depth study, as the farming community in this area are severely affected due to severe soil salinity and water logging problems and hence, adoption of different water saving crop production technologies deserve special mention. It is quite disappointing that, canals, tube wells and filter points and other wells could not contribute much to the irrigated area in KWD. Due to less contribution from these sources, the net area irrigated also showed declining growth at a rate of -6.15 per cent. Regarding paddy production, both SRI and semi-dry cultivation technologies involves less irrigation cost (Rs. 2475.21/ha and Rs. 3248.15/ha respectively) when compared to transplanted technology (Rs. 4321.58/ha). The share of irrigation cost in Total Operational Cost (TOC) was highest for transplanted technology of paddy (11.06%) followed by semi-dry technology (10.85%) and SRI technology (6.21%). The increased yield and declined cost of cultivation of paddy in SRI and semi-dry production technologies respectively were mainly responsible for the low cost of production of paddy in SRI (Rs. 495.22/qtl) and semi-dry (Rs. 532.81/qtl) technologies over transplanted technology (Rs. 574.93/qtl). This clearly indicates that, by less water usage, paddy returns can be boosted by adopting SRI and semi-dry production technologies. Both the system-level and field-level interventions should be addressed to solve the issues/problems of water management. The enabling environment, institutional roles and functions and management instruments are posing favourable picture for executing the water management interventions in the State of Andhra Pradesh in general and in KWD in particular. This facilitates the farming community to harvest good crop per unit of water resource used in the production programme. To achieve better results, the Farmers' Organizations, Water Users Associations, Department of Irrigation etc., will have to aim at improving productivity per unit of water drop used and this must be supported through system-wide enhancement of water delivery systems and decision support tools to assist farmers in optimizing the allocation of limited water among crops, selection of crops based on farming situations, and adoption of appropriate alternative crops in drought years.