• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 동반된 논문에서 제안된 수정 병렬 IWAN 모델의 적용성을 금강 모래와 토요라 모래를 대상으로 비틂전단실험을 수행하여 검증하였다. 두가지 사질토에 대해서 대칭 하중과 불규칙 하중을 반복 재하하여 실험을 수행하였다. 제안된 모델의 변수는 다양한 상대밀도와 구속압 조건하에서 대칭 반복하중을 재하하여 결정하였다. 시험 결과, 하중반복회수가 증가함에 따라 발생하는 사질토의 반복경화거동을 수정 병렬 IWAN 모델로 표현 가능하였으며, Pyke(1979)에 의해 제안된 불규칙 하중 형태를 이용한 실험결과를 실험 조건이 유사한 대칭 반복하중 재하실험 결과로 얻어진 모델 변수를 이용하여 예측한 결과 실험 결과와 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.67-74
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• 2002

An experimental assessment on the dynamic behavior of saturated sand which can consider the irregular characteristics of earthquakes was proposed. The equivalent uniform stress concept presented by Seed and Idriss has been applied to evaluate the liquefaction resistance strength to simplify earthquake loading. However, it was known that the liquefaction resistance strength of soil based on the equivalent uniform stress concept can't exactly mirror the dynamic characteristics of the irregular earthquake motion. In this study, estimation of the criterion of the liquefaction resistance strength was determined by applying real earthquake loading to the cyclic triaxial test. From the test results, relationships between excess pore water pressure and the earthquake characteristics such as magnitude or duration were determined. Magnitude scaling factors to determine the soil liquefaction resistance strength in seismic design were also proposed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1188-1191
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• 2009

In this study, cyclic triaxial tests were performed with the samples which were anisotropically consolidated using irregular earthquake loading to consider in-situ condition and seismic wave. The consolidation pressure ratio(K) was changed from 0.5 to 1.0. The Ofunato and Hachinohe wave are applied as irregular earthquake loading and liquefaction resistance strength was estimated from excess pore water pressure(EPWP) ratio. As results of the cyclic triaxial tests, buildup of EPWP ratio increased as K value increased. It shows, that the isotropically consolidated sands is more susceptible to liquefaction than anisotropically consolidated sands under equal conditions such as confining pressure and dynamic loading.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.337-347
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• 2018

This paper presents some shaking table tests conducted on a 1/4-scaled model with 5-story steel reinforced concrete (SRC) spatial frame with irregular section columns under a series of base excitations with gradually increasing acceleration peaks. The test frame was subjected to a sequence of seismic simulation tests including 10 white noise vibrations and 51 seismic simulations. Each seismic simulation was associated with a different level of seismic disaster. Dynamic characteristic, strain response, acceleration response, displacement response, base shear and hysteretic behavior were analyzed. The test results demonstrate that at the end of the loading process, the failure mechanism of SRC frame with irregular section columns is the beam-hinged failure mechanism, which satisfies the seismic code of "strong column-weak beam". With the increase of acceleration peaks, accumulated damage of the frame increases gradually, which induces that the intrinsic frequency decreases whereas the damping ratio increases, and the peaks of acceleration and displacement occur later. During the loading process, torsion deformation appears and the base shear grows fast firstly and then slowly. The hysteretic curves are symmetric and plump, which shows a good capacity of energy dissipation. In summary, SRC frame with irregular section columns can satisfy the seismic requirements of "no collapse under seldom earthquake", which indicates that this structural system is suitable for the construction in the high seismic intensity zone.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.253-267
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• 2014

Based on the test on a 1/2.5-scaled model of a two-bay and three-story inner frame composed of reinforced concrete beams and lattice steel reinforced concrete (SRC) irregular section columns under low cyclic reversed loading, the failure process and the features of the frame were observed. The subsequence of plastic hinges of the structure, the load-displacement hysteresis loops and the skeleton curve, load bearing capacity, inter-story drift ratio, ductility, energy dissipation and stiffness degradation were analyzed. The results show that the lattice SRC inner frame is a typical strong column-weak beam structure. The hysteresis loops are spindle-shaped, and the stiffness degradation is insignificant. The elastic-plastic inter-story deformation capacity is high. Compared with the reinforced concrete frame with irregular section columns, the ductility and energy dissipation of the structure are better. The conclusions can be referred to for seismic design of this new kind of structure.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.245-252
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• 2004

When some enormous earthquake hazards broke out in the neighboring Japan and Taiwan, many Korean earthquake engineers thought that seismic guidelines must be adjusted safely and economically to consider the moderate earthquake characteristics. In the present aseismic guideline for liquefaction potential assessment, a simplified method using SPT-N value and a detail method based on the dynamic lab-tests were introduced. However, it is said that these methods based on the equivalent stress concept to simplify an irregular earthquake are not reliable to simulate the kaleidoscopical characteristics of earthquake loading correctly. Especially, even though various data from the dynamic lab-test can be obtained, only two data, a maximum cyclic load and a number of cycle at an initial liquefaction are used to determine the soil resistance strength in the detailed method. In this study, a new assessment of liquefaction potential is proposed and verified. In the proposed assessment, various data from dynamic lab-tests are used to determine the unique soil resistance characteristic and a site specific analysis is introduced to analyze the irregular earthquake time history itself. Also, it is found that the proposed assessment is reasonable because it is devised to reflect the changeable soil behavior under dynamic loadings resulted from the generation and development of excess pore water pressure.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2006

기존의 액상화 평가방법은 대부분 미국, 일본 등 지진 발생빈도가 높고 그로 인한 액상화 피해가 빈번한 국가에서 주도적으로 연구가 진행되었으며, 개발된 액상화 평가방법들은 큰 지진규모(M=7.5)에 기초하고 있다. 국내에서도 1997년 실제적인 내진연구가 시작된 이래 액상화 평가의 구체적 규정이 제정되었으나, 내진설계기준에서는 실지진하중을 등가의 전단응력으로 간편화한 경험적인 방법과 실내진동실험에 의한 액상화 상세평가 방법을 통해 액상화 평가를 수행하도록 되어있다. 그러나 이러한 경우 실제 지진하중의 특성을 평가과정에서 반영하지 못하는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 실제 지진파 고유의 특성을 적용한 진동삼축실험을 통하여 상대밀도와 실트질함유량의 변화에 따른 액상화 저항강도를 산정하였다. 실험결과를 토대로 국내의 대표적인 항만지역의 지진응답해석 결과와 비교 분석하여 중진지역에 적합한 액상화 평가 생략기준을 제시하였다. 또한 액상화 평가시 정현하중 사용의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 쐐기하중 및 선형증가쐐기하중 실험을 수행하여 하중 변화에 따른 액상화 저항강도 특성을 분석하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2003

Ships and ocean structures are subjected to random loads caused by irregular waves. The irregularity of amplitude from random loading affects on fatigue crack growth and fatigue life. However the effects of irregularity of loading on fatigue including random loading have not been explained exactly. Therefore in this paper crack growth tests on DENT specimens under constant-amplitude loading including a single tensile overload are conducted to investigate the effect of overload on crack growth rate. The size of plastic zone and crack growth rate before and after a single tensile overloading are measured using ESPI system. Crack growth retardation model that is characterized by crack growth length and the size of plastic zone was proposed and compared with test result. From the research, the validity of proposed model is examined on crack growth retardation, and consequently fatigue life.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2016

The global performance of the 5 MW OC4 semisubmersible floating wind turbine in random waves with or without steady/dynamic winds is numerically simulated by using the turbine-floater-mooring fully coupled dynamic analysis program FAST-CHARM3D in time domain. The numerical simulations are based on the complete second-order diffraction/radiation potential formulations along with nonlinear viscous-drag force estimations at the body's instantaneous position. The sensitivity of hull motions and mooring dynamics with varying wave-kinematics extrapolation methods above MWL(mean-water level) and column drag coefficients is investigated. The effects of steady and dynamic winds are also illustrated. When dynamic wind is added to the irregular waves, it additionally introduces low-frequency wind loading and aerodynamic damping. The numerically simulated results for the 5 MW OC4 semisubmersible floating wind turbine by FAST-CHARM3D are also extensively compared with the DeepCWind model-test results by Technip/NREL/UMaine. Those numerical-simulation results have good correlation with experimental results for all the cases considered.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.569-576
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• 2003

Based on the equivalent uniform stress concept Presented by Seed and Idriss, sinusoidal cyclic loads which simplified earthquake loads have been applied in evaluating the liquefaction resistance strength experimentally. However, the liquefaction resistance strength of soil based on the equivalent uniform stress concept can not exactly reflect the dynamic characteristics of the irregular earthquake motion. The liquefaction assessment method which was invented by using the equivalent uniform stress concept is suitable for the severe earthquake region such as Japan or USA, so the proper method to Korea is needed. In this study, estimation of the resistance to liquefaction was conducted by applying real earthquake loading to the cyclic triaxial test. From the test results, the characteristics of the fine sand under moderate earthquake were analyzed and compared with the results under strong earthquakes. Typically real earthquake loads used in this study are divided into two types - impact type and vibration type. Furthermore, results of the liquefaction resistance strength based on the equivalent uniform stress concept and tile concept using real earthquake loading were compared.