• Title/Summary/Keyword: iron and manganese

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STUDIES ON THE WATER QUALITY OF NAGDONG RIVER DOWNSTREAM FOR DRINKING WATER AND INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY WATER 2. ANNUAL VARIATIONS OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN THE DOWNSTREAM WATER OF NAGDONG RIVER FROM MAY 1977 TO APRIL 1978 (음료수및 공업용수로서의 낙동강 하류수질에 대하여 2. 남지이남 낙동강 하류수의 중금속 함량에 대하여 (1977년 5월~1978년 4월))

  • WON Jong Hun;YANG Han Seob
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.139-146
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    • 1978
  • The annual variations of some heavy metal concentrations, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg were determined on tile day of spring tides in every month from May 1977 to April 1978 at eight stations in the Nagdong River downstream. Samples were taken at intervals of one or two hours from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. at each station. Annual ranges and means of concentrations of the heavy metals are as follows : aluminium 40.7-3700 ppb, 286 ppb; manganese 10.3-261.5 ppb, 80.8 ppb; iron ND-1237 ppb, 147.7 ppb; copper ND-30.9 ppb, 2.49 ppb; lead ND-29.9 ppb, 1.10 ppb; zinc ND-156.8 ppb, 5.61 ppb; cadmium ND-1.22 ppb, 0.09 ppb; mercury ND-0.37 ppb, 0.02 ppb respectively. In general, the contents of heavy metals except managanese and mercury were higher at the stations above station one, Kupo, though the ranges of the contents showed remarkable difference according to the sampling stations. Annual means of the concentrations of iron and manganese were exceeded already the desirable standards for industrial water and closed to the criteria of raw water for public supply. The values that over the criteria of raw water were sometimes found. Mercury concentration showed comparative high level such as ND-0.37 ppb in annual range but it was not over the environment criterion, 0.5 ppb. Aluminium, iron and mercury showed generally high values in summer period and other metals in winter period, through the patterns of seasonal variations were difference depending on the sampling stations and the kind of metals.

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Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide by Transition Metal Ions (금속 이온에 의한 과산화수소의 촉매분해)

  • Kim, Se-Jong;Yoon, Byung-Ho
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.38 no.3 s.116
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    • pp.79-84
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    • 2006
  • Hydrogen peroxide has been a bleaching chemical for varied pulp, especially mechanical and deinking pulp. It is catalytically decomposed by some transition metals in pulp slurry. In this paper, some metals which can be contained in pulp such as manganese, copper, iron, magnesium and calcium were used to investigate their effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. From the result, hydrogen peroxide was more decomposed in the order of Mn, Cu, $Fe^{3+}\;and\;Fe^{2+}$, while Mg and Ca had little effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The effect of Mg/Mn ratio on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was also investigated. At the specific ratio of them(Mg/Mn=10), hindering effect of peroxide decomposition by Mg was decreased.

A Study on Metalliding of Al on Steel from Molten Fluorides (불화물계 용융염중에서 Steel 기지 소재의 Al 전해피복에 관한 연구)

  • 이민구;서길원;백영현
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.183-191
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    • 1993
  • Diffusion coating(metalliding) of aluminium on steel from molten fluorides(29.2wt.% LiF-11.7wt.% NaF-59.1wt.% KF, FLINAK) was studied. The electrolytic cell consists of a steel cathode and a consumable aluminium anode. Effects of manganese on the aluminium deposition were also investigated. The quality of the deposit was analyzed by SEM, OM, EPMA, EDXA, and also examined by means of Micro-Vickers hardness and corrosion tests. Deposit layer was identified as an aluminium-rich iron alloy caused by diffusion process. The optimum condition for the metalliding was found to be the current density, 50 to $150mA/\textrm{cm}^2$, the bath tem-perature, $57.5^{\circ}C$, and the amount of AlF3, 10wt.%. Addition of manganese fluoride (up to 5wt.%) as a co-de-posit element improved significantly the quality of the deposit layer.

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pH Effect on Lead Transport into astrocytes by Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1/Nramp2)

  • Cheong, Jae-Hoon;Desmond I. Bannon;Josep P. Bressler
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 2001.11a
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    • pp.91-91
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    • 2001
  • Nramp2, also known as DMT1 and DCT1, is a 12-transmembrane domain protein responsible for dietary iron uptake as well as metal ions such as lead, manganese, zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium, and cobalt. High expression of DMT1 increase lead uptake, and DMT1-dependent lead transport was H -dependent and inhibited by iron ions. The molecular mechanism of lead transport in CNS is as yet unknown. although interactions between iron and lead at the level of absorption have been known for some time. The process of lead uptake into astrocytes was not known yet. Nramp2 may mediate transport of heavy metal into astrocytes. We investigated whether Nramp2 mediate transport of lead into astrocytes. And we do whether Nramp2 was expressed highly by deprivation of iron in Astrocytes, and lead uptake into astrocytes was influenced by expression of Nramp2. Immortalized human fetal astrocyte(SV-FHA) cells were cultured in medium containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and treated with Deferoxamine. Northern blot analysis was done for determining mRNA level of DMT1 and lead uptake assay was done in incubation condition of pH 5.5 and 7.4.

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Effects of Thickness, Base Element and Additive to Inoculant on the Number of Eutectic Cells and Chill Depth of Thin-Section Gray Cast Iron (박육주철의 공정 셀 수와 칠 깊이에 미치는 두께, 기본 원소 및 접종제 첨가 원소의 영향)

  • Kim, Tae-Hyeong;Lee, Woo-Jong;Kwon, Hae-Wook
    • Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.261-268
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    • 2012
  • The effects of thickness, base element and additive to inoculant on the number of eutectic cells and chill depth of thin-section gray cast iron were investigated. Meanwhile the number of eutectic cells increased by inoculation, chill depth decreased. The former decreased and the latter increased by holding the melt at the temperature range between 1,450 and $1,500^{\circ}C$. The former was more for the thinner casting with the thickness of 5 mm than the other. The result of thermal analysis coincided well with the change of macrostructure. The former increased and the latter decreased with the increased contents of carbon, silicon and the silicon content by inoculation. The former decreased and the latter increased with increased manganese content. The number of eutectic cells decreased as the amounts of rare earth and the bismuth added to this inoculant increased. With the addition of sulfur of 0.10 wt% of the weight of this inoculant, the maximum number of eutectic cells was obtained.

Effects of Thickness, Base Element and Inoculants on the Number of Eutectic Cells and Chill Depth of Gray Cast Iron Plate Casting (회주철 판형 주조품의 공정 셀 수와 칠 깊이에 미치는 두께, 기본 원소 및 접종제의 영향)

  • Kim, Tae-Hyeong;Oh, Jung-Hyuck;Kwon, Hae-Wook
    • Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.137-144
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    • 2011
  • The effects of thickness, base element and inoculants on the number of eutectic cells and chill depth of gray cast iron plate casting were investigated. Meanwhile the number of eutectic cells increased by inoculation, chill depth decreased. The former decreased and the latter increased by holding the melt at the temperature range between 1,450 and $1,500^{\circ}C$. The former was more for the thinner casting with the thickness of 5 mm than the other. The result of thermal analysis coincided well with the change of macrostructure. The former increased and the latter decreased with the increased contents of carbon, silicon and the silicon content by inoculation. The former decreased and the latter increased with increased manganese content. The performance of the Superseed Extra was the best among 5 inoculants.

Effect of micronutritional-element deficienies on the metabolism of Chlorella cells. (I) -On the growth rate, respiation and photosynthesis- (Chlorella 의 물질대사에 미치는 미양원소의 결핍효과 1 (제 1 ) -생 및 광합성 에 관하여-)

  • Lee, Yung-Nok;Chin, Pyung;Sim, Woong-Seop
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.15-19
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    • 1967
  • Chlorella ellipsoidea cells were cultured in an iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum or boron-free medium. Physiological activities such as growth rate, reproduction, endogenous and glucose respiration, photosynthetic activity and biosythesis of chlorophyll of the micro-element definition cells were measured. It generally, growth rate, respiratory and photosynthetic activities, and biosynthesis of chlorophyll of the micro-element deficient cells decreased more or less, compared with those of the normal cells. The growth of the algal cells in an iron-free medium were retarded severely with the chlorosis, and the photosynthetic activity of the cells decreased remarkably even though the low content of chlorophyll in the cells owing to the iron-deficiency is considered. Therefore, it is deduced that iron takes part in the photosynthetic process itself, possibly by its participation in the photo phosphorylation coupled with electron transport. Respiratory activity of boron-deficient cells showed the most severe decrease whereas those of the molybdenum-deficient cells showed very slight decrease in spite of severe growth retardation.

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Effect of Flooding and Organic Matter to the Release of Iron, Manganese, and Silica in Soils (침수처리(湛水處理) 및 유기물(有機物) 첨가(添加)가 답토양(畓土壤)의 Fe, Mn 및 SiO2의 용출량(溶出量)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Park, Y.S.;Oh, W.K.;Park, N.J.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 1968
  • A low yielding paddy soil was water logged at $30{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ with soluble starch as a easily decomposable organic matter for 3 weeks in the laboratory. The relation of pH and Eh changes and soluble iron, manganese and silica was investigated. The experimental results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. When organic matter was applied, reduction of the soil was severer, that is, Eh value was lower by 200 mv. for a week in the beginning of submergence. 2. pH of the untreated soil was dropped a little just after submergence, and then gradually increased to 60. When treated, pH was increased due to abrupt drop of Eh in the beginning but decreased to 4.5 after a week, and became constant at this pH value. 3. Slight increase in soluble iron, manganese and silica was observed in the untreated soil whereas soluble iron, manganese and silica in the treated soil were increased about 20, 10, and 3 times, respectively. 4. When soluble starch was treated, pH and soluble silica or manganese was highly correlated[($H^+$) and Mn ${\gamma}=0.734^{**}$, ($H^+$) and $SiO_2$ ${\gamma}=0.923^{**}$] and below pH 5.0, release of these element was rapidly increased.

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Removal of As(III) by Pilot-Scale Filtration System Separately Packed with Iron-Coated Sand and Manganese-Coated Sand (철 및 망간코팅사를 분리 충진시킨 파일럿 여과시스템에 의한 3가 비소 제거)

  • Kim, Kwang-Seob;Song, Ki-Hoon;Yang, Jae-Kyu;Chang, Yoon-Young
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.28 no.8
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    • pp.878-883
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    • 2006
  • Removal efficiency of As(III) was investigated with a pilot-scale filtration system packed with an equal amount(each 21.5 kg) of manganese-coated sand(MCS) in the bottom and iron-coated sand(ICS) in the top. Height and diameter of the used column was 200 cm and 15 cm, respectively. The As(III) solution was introduced into the bottom of the filtration system with a peristaltic pump at a speed of $5{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s over 148 days. Breakthrough of total arsenic in the mid-sampling position(end of the MCS bed) and final-sampling position(end of the ICS bed) was started after 18 and 44 days, respectively, and then showed a complete breakthrough after 148 days. Although the breakthrough of total arsenic in the mid-sampling position was started after 18 days, the concentration of As(III) in this effluent was below 50 ppb up to 61 days. This result indicates that MCS has a sufficient oxidizing capacity to As(III) and can oxidize 92 mg of As(III) with 1 kg of MCS up to 61 days. When a complete breakthrough of total arsenic occurred, the removed total arsenic by MCS was calculated as 79.0 mg with 1 kg MCS. As variation of head loss is small at each sampling position over the entire reaction time, it was possible to operate the filtration system with ICS and MCS for a long time without a significant head loss.

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Manganese(II), Iron(III) and Cobalt(III) Complexes of Macrocyclic Ligand. Potential of Cobalt(III) Complex in Biological Activity

  • El-Tabl, Abdou S.;Shakdofa, Mohamad M.E.;El-Seidy, Ahmed M.A.
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.55 no.6
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    • pp.919-925
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    • 2011
  • A new series of manganese(II), iron(III) and cobalt(III) complexes of 14-membered macrocyclic ligand, (3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane-1,8-diamine) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-VIS, $^1H$- and $^{13}C$- NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, conductivities, and ESR measurements. Molar conductance measurements in DMF solution indicate that the complexes are electrolytes. The ESR spectrum for cobalt(III) complex in $CD_3OD+10%D_2O$ after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K using a 0.2217 M rad $h^{-1}$ vicrad source showed $g_{\perp}$ > $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_z2$ orbital with covalent bond character. In this case, the ligand hyperfine tensors are nearly collinear with ${\gamma}$-tensors, so there is no major tendency to bend. Therefore, little extra delocalization via the ring lobe of the $dz^2$ orbital occurs. However, the ESR spectrum in solid state after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K showed $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_{\perp}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_x2_{-y}2$ ground state as the resulting spectrum contains a large number of randomly oriented molecules provided that, the principle directions of g and A tensors. Manganese (II) complex 2, $[H_{12}LMn]Cl_4.2H_2O$, showed six isotropic lines characteristic to an unpaired electron interacting with a nucleus of spin 5/2, however, iron(III) complex 3, $[H_{12}LFe]Cl_5.H_2O$, showed spectrum of a high spin $^{57}Fe$ (I=1/2), $d^5$ configuration. The geometry of these complexes was supported by elemental analyses, IR, electronic and ESR spectral studies. Complex 1 showed exploitation in reducing the amount of electron adducts formed in DNA during irradiation with low radiation products.