• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

The size of a display is large, The form becoming various of that do not apply to previous methods of gaze tracking and if setup gaze-track-camera above display, can solve the problem of size or height of display. However, This method can not use of infrared illumination information of reflected cornea using previous methods. In this paper, Robust pupil detecting method for eye's occlusion, corner point of inner eye and center of pupil, and using the face pose information proposes a method for calculating the simply position of the gaze. In the proposed method, capture the frame for gaze tracking that according to position of person transform camera mode of wide or narrow angle. If detect the face exist in field of view(FOV) in wide mode of camera, transform narrow mode of camera calculating position of face. The frame captured in narrow mode of camera include gaze direction information of person in long distance. The method for calculating the gaze direction consist of face pose estimation and gaze direction calculating step. Face pose estimation is estimated by mapping between feature point of detected face and 3D model. To calculate gaze direction the first, perform ellipse detect using splitting from iris edge information of pupil and if occlusion of pupil, estimate position of pupil with deformable template. Then using center of pupil and corner point of inner eye, face pose information calculate gaze position at display. In the experiment, proposed gaze tracking algorithm in this paper solve the constraints that form of a display, to calculate effectively gaze direction of person in the long distance using single camera, demonstrate in experiments by distance.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.927-937
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• 2015

This study was performed to identify and quantify the asbestos fibers released from two types of asbestos-cement slate roofs. One is a plant roof installed in 1987 which contained 15% chrysotile, and the other is a residential roof installed before 1983 which contained 12% chrysotile. The concentrations of asbestos fibers in air surrounding asbestos-cement slate roofs and in the falling water harvested from the same roofs on rainy days ranged from 0.0012 to 0.0018 f/mL and from 1,764 f/L to 10,584 f/L, respectively. The concentration of inorganic fibers in the soil around asbestos-cement slate roofs was from 217 to 348 f/g. With the above results, the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for the risk assessment of the asbestos fibers released from asbestos-cement slate based on US EPA IRIS (Integrated risk information system) model is within 5.5E-06 ~ 6.5E-06 levels which indicates that the levels do not exceed "the acceptable risk(1.0E-05)" recommended by WHO. The asbestos concentration in air, drained rainfall and soil around the plant slate roof was higher than that around residential slate roof, but the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) from residential slate was higher than that from plant slate. This suggested that the enclose and encapsulation of residential roofs have priority in removal policy to minimize the exposure risk.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 Ka 대역에서 정지 궤도 위성과 통신이 가능한 지상 단말 송신기를 미국 국방부에서 권고하는 MILSTD-188-164A 규격을 준수하도록 설계하였다. 설계된 송신기의 안테나는 이중 옵셋 그레고리안 반사판 형상을 사용하여 코러게이트 급전혼, 주름형 편파기와 직교 모드 변환기로 구성하였고, 해당 규격의 방사 패턴과 ESD 패턴, 축비 규격을 만족하도록 설계되었다. 설계된 송신기의 RF부는 Ka 대역으로 주파수를 상향 변환해 주는 상향 변환반과 병렬 구조의 pHEMT MMIC 소자를 이용하여 소형/저전력/경량의 고출력 특성을 갖는 고출력 증폭반으로 해당 규격의 VSWR, 불요파/고조파 억압, 출력평탄도 및 위상 잡음 등의 사양을 만족하도록 설계되었다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.575-580
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• 2010

Eye gaze as a form of input was primarily developed for users who are unable to use usual interaction devices such as keyboard and the mouse; however, with the increasing accuracy in eye gaze detection with decreasing cost of development, it tends to be a practical interaction method for able-bodied users in soon future as well. This paper explores a low-cost, robust, rotation and illumination independent eye gaze system for gaze enhanced user interfaces. We introduce two brand-new algorithms for fast and sub-pixel precise pupil center detection and 2D Eye Gaze estimation by means of deformable template matching methodology. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm based on the deformable angular integral search algorithm based on minimum intensity value to localize eyeball (iris outer boundary) in gray scale eye region images. Basically, it finds the center of the pupil in order to use it in our second proposed algorithm which is about 2D eye gaze tracking. First, we detect the eye regions by means of Intel OpenCV AdaBoost Haar cascade classifiers and assign the approximate size of eyeball depending on the eye region size. Secondly, using DAISMI (Deformable Angular Integral Search by Minimum Intensity) algorithm, pupil center is detected. Then, by using the percentage of black pixels over eyeball circle area, we convert the image into binary (Black and white color) for being used in the next part: DTBGE (Deformable Template based 2D Gaze Estimation) algorithm. Finally, using DTBGE algorithm, initial pupil center coordinates are assigned and DTBGE creates new pupil center coordinates and estimates the final gaze directions and eyeball size. We have performed extensive experiments and achieved very encouraging results. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of the proposed method through several experimental results.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제26권12A호
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• pp.2067-2073
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• 2001

생체인식 시스템은 인간 고유의 물리적인 특성들을 이용하여 인간을 인식하는 기술이다. 그리고 특정한 물리적인 특징들을 얻기 위하여 센서를 사용하고 디지털 패턴으로 변환시켜서 저장된 패턴과 비교한다. 구순문 인식은 지문, 음싶 패턴, 홍태 패턴과 얼굴 인식과 같은 신체적 특징에 비하여 상대적으로 연구가 많이 이루어지지 않았다. 구순문은 CCD 카메라를 이용할 경우 홍채나 얼굴 패턴 같은 다른 특징 요소와 연결하여 인식 시스템을 구축할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 구순문 인식을 위해 패턴 커널을 이용한 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 패턴 커널은 여러 개의 국부 구순문 마스크 (local lip print mask)들로 구성된 함수이며, 구순문의 정보를 디지털 데이터로 전환시켜 준다. 복수 해상도를 가지는 인식 시스템은 단일 해상도의 시스템보다 더욱 신뢰적 이며 인식률도 높다. 복수해상도 구조는 오인식률을 현저히 감소시키므로 복수해상도를 갖는 구순문 인식은 생체인식 시스템에 잘 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated the potential of 70% ethanol extract from Persicaria nepalensis (PNE) as a cosmetic ingredient by primary skin irritation, ocular irritation, and maximization tests for delayed hypersensitivity in New Zealand white rabbits and Hartley guinea pig. Skin safety study was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of PNE using the primary irritation test. In the primary irritation test, 50% PNE was applied to the skin, and no adverse reactions such as erythema and edema were observed at the intact skin sites. Therefore, PNE was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on a primary irritation index of "0.0.". In the ocular irritation test, the 50% PNE applied did not show any adverse reactions in the different parts of rabbit eyes, including the cornea, iris, and conjunctiva. Thus, PNE was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on an acute ocular irritation index of "0.0.". Skin sensitization was tested by the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) and Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) using an intradermal injection of 10% PNE. Edema and erythema were not observed 24 and 48 h after the topical application of PNE in skin sensitization test, which exhibited a sensitization score of "0.0.". Therefore, it can be suggested that P. nepalensis could be used as potential candidates for cosmoceutical ingredients, without any major side effects.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.74.2-74.2
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• 2012

We present [Fe II] 1.64 ${\mu}m$ imaging observations for jets and outflows from young stellar objects over the northern part (-24'${\times}$45') of the Carina Nebula, a typical evolved massive star forming region. The observations were performed with IRIS2 of Anglo-Autralian Telescope and the seeing was -1.5". Several jets and outflows features are detected at seven different regions, and one new Herbig-Haro Object is identified. The [Fe II] features have knotty and elongated shapes, and distribute around the triangular area formed by the star clusters Tr 14, Tr 15, and Tr 16, which contain many massive stars. The [Fe II] feature shows a highest detection rate (3.2 %) for the earliest stage YSOs, and the rate decreases as the stage evolves. The low detection rate (1.5 %) of [Fe II] features from the numerous YSOs seem to be related with the severe radiation environment of the Carina Nebula. The outflow rate shows reasonable relations with the physical parameters of the corresponding YSOs-derived from the SED fitting-such as the accretion luminosity, the stellar mass, the stellar age, the disk accretion rate, etc.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2012

생체인식(biometrics)은 인간이 갖는 신체적 특징을 활용하여 개인을 식별하는 연구로, 비밀번호나 ID카드 등의 전통적인 개인 식별 방법을 대체하거나 보완할 수 있는 방법으로 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 생체인식의 대상 중 손가락 관절문은 지문, 홍채, 귀, 장문에 비하여 비교적 최근에 연구가 시작되었다. 본 논문은 그레이디언트 방향 특징을 이용하여 손가락 관절문을 효과적으로 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 손가락 관절문의 주요 특징은 주름의 크기와 방향으로, 이러한 특징을 안정적으로 획득하기 위하여 불균일한 조명과 낮은 대비를 개선하는 전처리를 수행한 후 그레이디언트의 방향 정보를 추출하여 특징벡터를 구성하였다. 제안된 방법의 성능을 측정하기 위하여 158명으로부터 획득한 총 790개 손가락 관절문 영상을 대상으로 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 99.69%의 인식률을 얻었으며, 기존 관련 연구에 비하여 1.882라는 높은 결정계수를 보여 제안된 방법이 손가락 관절문 인식에 효과적임을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.677-684
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 최근 옥외에서의 디지털 미디어 확대에 따라 단순히 브랜드를 노출하는 것이 아닌 디지털 미디어와 소비자와의 상호작용에 따른 경험의 과정을 연구하였다. 분석 결과 정보적 요인과 감성적 요인, 상호작용성 요인으로 구성된 경험 요인은 브랜드 선호도와 브랜드 신뢰도를 매개하여 구매의도에 영향을 주나 경험 만족도는 구매의도에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 못하고 브랜드 신뢰도를 매개하여 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 시사점으로는 먼저 실험실의 연구 환경이 아닌 실제 운영되고 있는 디지털 미디어 경험 소비자를 대상으로 한 실무 연구 사례로서 의의가 있으며 둘째, 디지털 미디어 경험은 경험하는 순간 즉시적으로 브랜드 선호도와 신뢰도에 전이되어 영향을 미칠 수 있는 중요한 브랜드 자산 형성 요인임을 확인한 것에 의의가 있을 것이다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.175-197
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• 2006

This study aims to assess the traditional knowledge on seasonal customs and its characteristics for practical use. The Delphi method and correspondence analysis were hired to collect and analysis the data. Twenty six professionals for the Delphi participated in three-round process. The followings were concluded. The number of items valuing and resourcing for seasonal customs. were 118(40 for folks and ceremonies, 53 for foods. 25 for plays) on Delphi results. For example are Bokjori, Dano fm, Bokjumeoni, Chuseok, Tano festival, New Year Card, washing hair with an iris, Soup with rice cake, Boiled rice with five cereals, Rice and red-bean porridge, Kimchi-making for the winter, Sharing walnut with friends, Game of yut, Playing kite, Play with Hanga etc. Nowadays the ideas of modernized practical use on seasonal customs was to connect with modernized scientific technology and designate commemoration day. The items for connecting with modernized scientific technology were new year card, painting and recording sound with traditional seasonal customs, food areas, cake with seven kind of cereals, play areas, hand wrestling, cockfighting in folks and customs areas. Also the items for designating commemoration days were the Suelbeam and Suelbeam Socks present for the aged people, man cooking day, Korean traditional workers day in folk and ceremony areas.