• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.827-831
• /
• 1994

Investigation on the extractability, Mg2+-, Ca2+ , EDTA-ATPase activity and solubility of actomyosin prepared from leg and breast muscle of silky fowol were as follows. The extractability of actomyosin in leg and breast muscle was 779mg/100g and 1, 318mg/100g respectively, breast muscle was higher than leg muscle . Mg2+-ATPase activity of actomyosin was high inionic strength 0.02-0.10 and Mg2+ATPase activity of low ionic strength was higher than high ionic strength not related to the part. Ca2+ ATPase activity was high in ionic strength 0.05-0.13, the activity of leg muscle was higher that breast muscle. And EDTA-ATPase activity showed low in low ionic strength and showed high in high ionic strength, and increased greatly depend ionic strength up to 0.4. The solubility of actomyosin was not different in leg and breast muscle , the solution started in KCI concentration of 0.3M and ended in DCI concentration of 0.4M.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.28
• /
• pp.6.1-6.7
• /
• 2013

Objectives In this study, we investigated the influence of ionic strength and natural organic matter (NOM) on aggregation and soil adsorption of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods Time-resolved dynamic light scattering measurements and batch adsorption experiments were used to study their aggregation and soil adsorption behaviors, respectively. Results The aggregation rate of AgNPs increased with increasing ionic strength and decreasing NOM concentration. At higher ionic strength, the AgNPs were unstable, and thus tended to be adsorbed to the soil, while increased NOM concentration hindered soil adsorption. To understand the varying behaviors of AgNPs depending on the environmental factors, particle zeta potentials were also measured as a function of ionic strength and NOM concentration. The magnitude of particle zeta potential became more negative with decreasing ionic strength and increasing NOM concentration. These results imply that the aggregation and soil adsorption behavior of AgNPs were mainly controlled by electrical double-layer repulsion consistent with the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory. Conclusions This study found that the aggregation and soil adsorption behavior of AgNPs are closely associated with environmental factors such as ionic strength and NOM and suggested that assessing the environmental fate and transport of nanoparticles requires a thorough understanding of particle-particle interaction mechanisms.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.613-619
• /
• 1995

The influence of carrier solutions on particle retention was studied by varying surfactants and ionic strength in flow field-flow fractionation. Experiments were made with five different submicron polystyrene latex standards at three different types of surfactants and seven different ionic strengths. Departures in particle retention from the general theory were observed. At low ionic strength, it is shown that migrating sample zone is clearly lifted away from the ideal equilibrium height and that the repulsive interaction dominates between the particle and the channel wall. As ionic strength increases up to a certain level, particle retention becomes closer to the general theory. Further increase in ionic strength is shown to prolong the retention. An optimum regime of ionic strength is also suggested with the proper choice of surfactants.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 1984

The effects of ionic strength and pH on the binding of cefazolin to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied by UV difference spectrophotometry. As ionic strength at constant pH and temperature increases, the apparent bining constant decreased but the number of binding sites remained almost constant at 2. The constancy of the number of binding sites with increasing the ionic strength suggests that purely electrostatic forces between BSA and drug do not have great importance in the drug binding, even though there is a decrease in the apparent binding constant. Thus, the effect of ionic strength on the interaction between drug and BSA may be explained by the changes in ionic atmosphere of the aggregated BSA molecules and competitive inhibition by phosphate ions. In addition, the higher apparent binding constant at high ionic strength is explained by conformational changes of BSA from its aggregate forms into subunits. The pH effects on the afinity of interactions indicated that the binding affinity of cefazoline is higher in the neutral region than in the alkaline region. An d at high pH value, the number of binding sites decreased from 2 to 1 because of the conformational change of BSA in the alkaline region.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.223-229
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum ionic strength of nutrient solution were treated with a quarter, a half, three quarters, standard, one and half, and double ionic strength of balanced nutrient solution of Yamazaki solution recommended for cucumber plants. Plant height and number of loaves of growing period were rapidly increased in 1/2 ionic strength of nutrient solution. Growth characteristics of cucumber plant as affected by the different ionic strength of nutrient solution were not significant differences, however, in the growing period, plant height, stem length and leaf area were highest in 1/2 ionic strength of nutrient solution. Fruit yield of cucumber plant as affected by the different ionic strength of nutrient solution was not significant differences, however, fruit yield was highest in 1/2 ionic strength of the lowering ionic strength of nutrient solution. Nitrogen concentration was not significant differences, however, it was high corcentration in 1/2 ionic strength of nutrient solution. Growth and yield characteristic of cucumber as affected by 1/2 ionic strength of nutrient solution at 36 days transplanting analyzed correlation cofficient. Plant height showed positive correlated with number of plant and positive correlated with yield.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 1988

It is important to assess the effects of ionic strength and type of anions when studying the adsorption of heavy metals on zeolite because the background salt may complex with heavy metals and compete for adsorption sites. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of ionic strength and anion species($Cl^-$, $SO^{2-}\;_4$, and $ClO^-\;_4$) on heavy metal adsorption. Heavy metal adsorption by zeolite from solutions in the range of 10 to 50ppm was studied in the presence of NaCl, $Na_2SO_4$ and $NaClO_4$, with different concentrations. The ionic strength ranged from 0.01 to 1.00. Adsorption of heavy metal cations could be described by the Freundlich isotherm equation. Increasing the ionic strength of equilibrium solutions, the amounts of heavy metal adsorbed on the zeolite surfaces decreased in all three of the anion systems. This fact could be attributed to the competition of background salt cation and the decrease in initial activity of heavy metal cations. In the presence of Cl anion, less adsorption resulted than in the presence of $SO_4$ or $ClO_4$ anions of the same ionic strength, indicating the presence of uncharged and negatively charged complexes of heavy metal with Cl ligands.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 1984

Binding of sulfaethidole to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by circular dichroism. The effects of pH and ionic strength on the binding of sulfaethidole to BSA were investigated. It was found that one primary binding site on the BSAM was capable of inducing optical activity in the presence of sulfaethidole. Enhancement of the induced ellipticity of sulfaethidole upon addition to BSA was not much affected by the change of pH and ionic strength. Taking the effects of pH and ionic strength into consideration, it seems that the binding of sulfaethidole to BSA was not much affected by electrostatic and ionic interactions. Therefore, it might be assumed that the binding was mainly due to the hydrophobic interactions. Sulfaethidole seems to be a reasonable CD probe for the study of hydrophobic drug interactions.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.453-457
• /
• 2006

This study investigated the extractability, solubility, Mg$^{2+}$-, Ca$^{2+}$- and EDTA-ATPase activity of actomyosin prepared from leg and breast muscle of dog meat. The actomyosin extractability of breast muscle(2,100.6 mg/l00 g) was higher than that of leg muscle(500.8 mg/l00 g). The Mg$^{2+}$-ATPase activity of actomyosin had a high ionic strength of 0.02$\sim$0.05 M KCI and did not differ between leg and breast muscle. The Ca$^{2+}$-ATPase activity of actomyosin had a high ionic strength of 0.02$\sim$0.10 M KCI and leg muscle had a higher level of Ca$^{2+}$-ATPase activity than breast muscle did. The EDTA-ATPase activity was lower in low ionic strength and showed higher in high ionic strength, and increased sharply with increasing ionic strength up to 0.3 M KCI. The solubility of actomyosin did not differ between leg and breast muscle, and the solubility started and ended at KCI concentrations of 0.35 M and 0.4 M, respectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.1616-1622
• /
• 2022

Selenium has been identified as an element of interest for the safety assessment of a deep geological repository (DGR) for used nuclear fuel. In Canada, groundwaters at DGR depths in sedimentary rocks have been observed to have a high ionic strength. This paper examines the sorption behavior of Se(-II) onto illite, MX-80 bentonite, Queenston shale, and argillaceous limestone in Na-Ca-Cl solutions of varying ionic strength (0.1-6 mol/kgw (m)) and across a pH range of 4-9. Little ionic strength dependence for Se(-II) sorption onto all solids was observed except that sorption at high ionic strength (6 m) was generally slightly lower than sorption at low ionic strength (0.1 m). Illite and MX-80 exhibited the expected results for anion sorption, while shale and limestone exhibited more constant sorption across the pH range tested. A non-electrostatic surface complexation model successfully predicted sorption of Se(-II) onto illite and MX-80 using the formation of an inner-sphere surface complex and an outer-sphere surface complex. Optimized values for the formation reactions of these surface species were proposed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.207-213
• /
• 1996

The kinetic change of electrical resistance of hairless mouse skin as a function of ionic strength of the bathing medium was determined from impedance measurements. After increasing (decreasing) the ionic strength of the bathing medium, resistance decreased (increased) continuously with time, finally reaching an equilibrium value. We have modelled this process, using nonsteady-state diffusion kinetics. The results show semi-quantitative correlation between theoretically derived and experimentally obtained values. Overall, this work provides further mechanistic insight into ion-conduction through the skin.