• IE interfaces
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.209-222
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• 1997

The paper provides a methodology to obtain the automaticity indicator of a factory and the sequence of enabling technologies of factory automation. The automaticity indicator is the measure of the current automation status of a factory and can be used as a crucial criteria for the future automation schedule and investment. Although most industries have their own computation methods which usually consider the number of workers in the shop floor, this research covers five evaluation items of automation, such as, production facility, material transfer system, inspection and test system, information system, and flexibility. The detailed evaluation models are developed for each item. Automation sequencing prioritizes the enabling technologies of factory automation on the basis of several criteria which consist of two phases. The first phase includes the automation indicator and the second phase includes six sub-criteria such as production rate, quality, number of workers, capital investment, development duration, development difficulty. For this evaluation, AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) is introduced to prevent the decision maker's subject intention. As results of the automaticity indicator and automation sequence, the manager can save time and cost in building constructive and transparent automation plans.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.615-618
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• 2008

From the 2006 report of Korea Foundation for the Promotion of Private school(KFPP), Private college account for 97% and private university account for 79% of the all college in country. The report shows that private college invest in educational facilities about 200 million won every year. But the standard of investment analysis which is for the private business of private college is not arranged, private college could not make progress the business. Accordingly the research is suggested "eligibility analysis method theory" that is a basic to make decision. At first in case of Quantitative VFM analysis, we suggest alternative analysis & progress procedure in analysis step. And in case of qualitative VFM analysis, we developed 15 items of analysis which is made with professional interviews.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.12
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• pp.1782-1790
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• 2012

In this paper, a methodology to use load duration curve and the reactive power factor sensitivity of generation cost is proposed for analyzing the effects of load power factor effectively. A great deal of cases of power systems are classified into several patterns according to the characteristics using load duration curve, and the overall effects of load power factor are assessed by integrating the analysis results of load power factor in all the patterns. The reactive power sensitivity of generation cost and the integrated costs such as generation cost, investment cost, voltage variation penalty cost and CO2 emission cost are used for determining an appropriate load power factor. A systematic procedure for effective analysis of load power factor is presented. It is shown through the application to the practical power system of KEPCO(Korea Electric Power Corporation)that the effects of load power factor can be analyzed effectively using load duration curve and reactive power factor sensitivity.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.39-55
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• 2022

Purpose - This study empirically examines the effect of the Korean government export promotion program (EPP) on small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) export performance using firm-level data. Unlike most previous studies that investigated some specific samples of firms, this study analyzes a vast amount of SME data of the Korean Small and Medium Business Administration over the period 2005 to 2008. Design/methodology - An endogeneity problem arises when a firm's probability of being selected is correlated with the likelihood of successfully implementing EPPs. To control for the endogeneity of the EPPs in a relatively short-period sample, we employ 2-Stage Residual Inclusion (2SRI) RE-Tobit and bivariate Tobit procedure. Findings - Analyses show that Korean government EPPs have positive significant effects on SME exports. Empirical results also show that SME export activities are significantly encouraged by R&D investment and capital intensity, but not obviously by labor productivity. Originality/value - This study provides evidence that SME capital intensity, R&D investment, and the number of workers are significant determinants to SME exporting activities, whereas per worker labor cost and employee education are not. These results imply that even for SMEs, firm size is a major factor in promoting exporting activities.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-145
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• 2009

South Korea has investment agreements such as FTAs, BITs with several countries. Up to now, no single case has been registered against the Korean government on breach of investment agreements, but it is likely that the number of such cases would increase. Therefore, an investor-state dispute settlement system, an arbitral procedure by which a foreign investor may seek compensation of damage against the host country, is gaining its importance. The provision of the ISDS has been one of the hottest issues in Korea while the Kor-US FTA was being signed. In this respect, with the growing number of regional agreements such as BITs and FTAs, a careful scrutiny on the ISDS is necessary for Korea. I have therefore studied theoretically subjects including the National Treatment(NT), the Most-Favored Nation(MFN), Fair and Equitable Treatment and Expropriation - those that have been the objects of protection on investors. And I have analyzed ICSID arbitral awards and provided implications. In the ICSID arbitral awards, the Fair and Equitable Treatment turned out to be the most recognized violation on investors by the host State in terms of investor protection. On the other hand, Indirect Expropriation - a matter of which public anxiety was shown led by civic groups - was not generally recognized in arbitral awards. This study is written for sake of governments, local autonomous entities and public enterprises that are in charge of FTAs and BITs.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-148
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• 2011

Korean small and medium sized firms are dramatically expanding during the past two decades. Since small and medium sized firms begun to invest overseas to cope with the external and internal business environment. the influencing factors should defined for the successful foreign investment. This paper presents the research model explaining successful knowledge transfer between Korean small and medium sized firms and partners for foreign investment. This model examines investing companies' organizational characteristics, partners' learning capability and relational characteristics between two partners. Detail variables include the learning culture and codifiability of investing companies, and absorptive capability of partners, and communication and trust as a relational factors between investing companies and partners. The result of empirical analysis of sample companies shows that knowledge culture and codifiability of investing companies, and communication from the relational factors are important for knowledge transfer. These results provide some implications for the successful foreign investment of small and medium sized firms. Firstly the investing company should develop its own learning culture and internal procedure for the successful foreign investment. And frequent communication channel is necessary for knowledge transfer and the trustful relationship between investors and partner.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-160
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• 2014

These days, in line with the increase of opportunities in our country's firms to do transaction, large-scale M&A and investment with foreign firms incorporating arbitration clauses in the contracts have become general practice. Recently, Singapore has come to the fore as a place of arbitration and, particularly, Singapore International Arbitration Center (SIAC) was assessed as the favored international arbitration institution uniquely in Asia at the 2010 International Arbitration Survey: Choices in International Arbitration, along with the ICC, LCIA, and AAA/ICDR. Therefore, the country's firms need to understand properly the international arbitration procedure of Singapore. This study examines the international arbitration system of Singapore, focusing on the arbitration procedure of the SIAC. The Center revised arbitration rules twice in 2010 and 2013, and established the Court of Arbitration of SIAC in April 2013 for the first time in Asia in pursuit of stricter neutrality and promptness. It further seeks to run the arbitration procedure fairly by selecting a third country's people as an arbitrator, while its arbitration expenses are cheaper than those of the ICC. The study believes that for the country's international arbitration institutions such as the KCAB to jump forward as a world-class international arbitration institution, the Korean government should render positive support to them, learning from Singapore which does not spare any political and financial assistance to cultivate international arbitration institutions. On the other hand, KCAB should also try hard to improve in the aspects of neutrality, fairness, and promptness and to be selected as a trustworthy international arbitration institution by firms in Asian countries.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.10b
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• pp.1259-1264
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• 1990

During the past two decades, a lot of researches have been done on the synthesis of grassroot heat exchanger networks(HEN). However, few have been dedicated to retrofit of existing heat exchanger networks, which usually use more amount of utilities (i.e. steam and/or cooling water) than the minimum requirements. This excess gives motivation of trades-off between energy saving and rearranging investment. In this paper, an algorithmic-evolutionary synthesis procedure for retrofitting heat exchanger networks is proposed. It consists of two stages. First, after the amount of maximum energy recovery(MER) is computed, a grass-root network featuring minimum number of units(MNU) is synthesized. In this stage, a systematic procedure of synthesizing MNU networks is presented. It is based upon the concept of pinch, from which networks are synthesized in a logical way by the heuristics verified by the pinch technology. In the second stage, since an initial feasible network is synthesized based on the pre-analysis result of MER and must-matches, an assignment problem between new and existing units is solved to minimize total required additional areas. After the existing units are assigned, the network can be improved by switching some units. For this purpose, an improvement problem is formulated and solved to utilize the areas of existing units as much as possible. An example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.538-557
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• 2010

Korean Government has supplied small-medium enterprises with various technology financing programs such as R&D grant." loans, equities, guarantees since 1980's. The purpose of this study is to render policy suggestions for policy makers by analysing problems with regard to regulations. The suggestions of this study are such as the following. First, the current three months of the fund formation period should be extended within six months for general partners to have enough time to raise funds in the current tough capital market situation. Second, the government's non priority loss devotion system should keep going to prevent general partner's moral hazard. Third, in order to fulfill the policy purpose that is to create globally well-known companies, the government investment ratio should scale up from the current 20% to 30% of the total fund size in that the stable capital supply for core technology commercialization, industrialization and globalization of companies is achieved. Finally, general partners of the New Growth Engine Fund should showoff their investment abilities to the potential investors such as institutional investors by accumulating all track records and know-hows that prove their specialities and implementing action plans to achieve the best result of their investment. This study provides general considerations of the selection procedure, the government investment ratio, the government priority loss devotion system and so on when formating the public funds.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.438-453
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• 2009

Attracting advanced foreign enterprises into the less-developed regions has gained increasing importance as a regional development strategy in Korea. This study critically examines the foreign-direct investment-led regional development strategy of Wales, United Kingdom. Despite a high FDI inflow in manufacturing, the Welsh regional economy has suffered from specialization in low-skilled assembly with limited R&D activities, insufficient linkage with local domestic suppliers, and violent fluctuation in local employment in response to changes within the global business environment. This tendency shows that the foreign-invested companies have neither locally embedded themselves enough nor created the external agglomeration economies in the region. At the same time, the Welsh local government's excessive dependence on financial incentives packages to induce multinationals, rather than effort to create regional innovative capacity, has resulted in a sizable fiscal loss, an abused local planning process, and subordination of the local government's major administrative decision-making on foreign investors. The Welsh FDI case suggests that an effective FDI attraction policy should include inter-regional cooperation and coordination in the inward investment attraction procedure, a comprehensive land use planning process, and state-level concrete governance on FDI.