• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.288-296
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• 2021

Automated face recognition in a runtime environment is gaining more and more important in the fields of surveillance and urban security. This is a difficult task keeping in mind the constantly volatile image landscape with varying features and attributes. For a system to be beneficial in industrial settings, it is pertinent that its efficiency isn't compromised when running on roads, intersections, and busy streets. However, recognition in such uncontrolled circumstances is a major problem in real-life applications. In this paper, the main problem of face recognition in which full face is not visible (Occlusion). This is a common occurrence as any person can change his features by wearing a scarf, sunglass or by merely growing a mustache or beard. Such types of discrepancies in facial appearance are frequently stumbled upon in an uncontrolled circumstance and possibly will be a reason to the security systems which are based upon face recognition. These types of variations are very common in a real-life environment. It has been analyzed that it has been studied less in literature but now researchers have a major focus on this type of variation. Existing state-of-the-art techniques suffer from several limitations. Most significant amongst them are low level of usability and poor response time in case of any calamity. In this paper, an improved face recognition system is developed to solve the problem of occlusion known as FRS-OCC. To build the FRS-OCC system, the color and texture features are used and then an incremental learning algorithm (Learn++) to select more informative features. Afterward, the trained stack-based autoencoder (SAE) deep learning algorithm is used to recognize a human face. Overall, the FRS-OCC system is used to introduce such algorithms which enhance the response time to guarantee a benchmark quality of service in any situation. To test and evaluate the performance of the proposed FRS-OCC system, the AR face dataset is utilized. On average, the FRS-OCC system is outperformed and achieved SE of 98.82%, SP of 98.49%, AC of 98.76% and AUC of 0.9995 compared to other state-of-the-art methods. The obtained results indicate that the FRS-OCC system can be used in any surveillance application.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.404-416
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• 2020

An analytical procedure for calculating the failure load of a V-shaped rock notch under two-dimensional stress conditions was developed based on the slip-line plastic analysis method. The key idea utilized in the development is the fact that the α-line, one of the slip-lines, extends from the rock notch surface to the horizontal surface outside the notch when the rock around the notch is in the plastic state, and that there exists an invariant which is constant along the α-line. Since the stress boundary condition of the horizontal surface outside the rock notch is known, it is possible to calculate the normal and shear stresses acting on the rock notch surface by solving the invariant equation. The notch failure load exerted by the wedge was calculated using the calculated stress components for the notch surface. Rock notch failure analysis was performed by applying the developed analytical procedure. The analysis results show that the failure load of the rock notch increases with exponential nonlinearity as the angle of the notch and the friction of the notch surface increase. The analytical procedure developed in this study is expected to have applications to the study of fracture initiation in rocks through wedge-shaped notch formation, calculation of bearing capacity of the rock foundation, and stability analysis of rock slopes and circular tunnels.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.9 s.280
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• pp.602-606
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• 2005

[ $LiCoO_{2}$ ] is the most common cathode electrode materials in Lithium-ion batteries. $LiCo_{0.97}Mg_{0.03}O_2$ was synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. We investigated crystal structures, electrical conductivities and electrochemical properties. The crystal structure of $LiCo_{0.97}Mg_{0.03}O_2$ was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement. The material showed a single phase of a layered structure with the space group R-3m. The lattice parameter(a, c) of $LiCo_{0.97}Mg_{0.03}O_2$ was larger than that of $LiCoO_2$. The electrical conductivity of sintered samples was measured by the Van der Pauw method. The electrical conductivities of $LiCoO_2$ and $LiCo_{0.97}Mg_{0.03}O_2$ were $2.11{\times}10^{-4}\;S/cm$ and $2.41{\times}10^{-1}\;S/cm$ at room temperature, respectively. On the basis of the Hall effect analysis, the increase in electrical conductivities of $LiCo_{0.97}Mg_{0.03}O_2$ is believed due to the increased carrier concentrations, while the carrier mobility was almost invariant. The electrochemical performance was investigated by coin cell test. $LiCo_{0.97}Mg_{0.03}O_2$ showed improved cycling performance as compared with $LiCoO_2$.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.608-613
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• 2017

In this paper, we consider the stability bound for uncertainty of delayed state variables in the linear discrete interval time-varying systems with time-varying delay time. The considered system has an interval time-varying system matrix for non-delayed states and is perturbed by the unstructured time-varying uncertainty in delayed states with time-varying delay time within fixed interval. Compared to the previous results which are derived for time-invariant cases and can not be extended to time-varying cases, the new stability bound in this paper is applicable to time-varying systems in which every factors are considered as time-varying variables. The proposed result has no limitation in applicable systems and is very powerful in the aspects of feasibility compared to the previous. Furthermore. the new bound needs no complex numerical algorithms such as LMI(Linear Matrix Inequality) equation or upper solution bound of Lyapunov equation. By numerical examples, it is shown that the proposed bound is able to include the many existing results in the previous literatures and has better performances in the aspects of expandability and effectiveness.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.135-157
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• 2007

The goal of this paper is to examine the validity of nonlinear Taylor rules in Korea. To perform our tests, we utilize new IV ECM threshold cointegration tests that are invariant to nuisance parameters. The new tests have a standard chi-square distribution and the same critical values can be used throughout. This is in contrast to OLS ECM threshold cointegration tests, which depend on nuisance parameters and have nonstandard distributions. After finding significant support for nonlinear cointegration, we find that the Bank of Korea raises the call rate of interest only when inflation is above a threshold rate. We additionally find that the Bank of Korea increases the call rate of interest to possibly counter domestic currency deprecation only when the rate of currency deprecation exceeds a threshold.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.319-322
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• 2013

Image retrieval research activity has moved its focus from global descriptors to local descriptors of feature point such as SIFT. MPEG is Currently working on standardization of effective coding of location and local descriptors of feature point in the context mobile based image search driven application in the name of MPEG-7 CDVS (Compact Descriptor for Visual Search). The extracted feature points consist of two parts, location information and Descriptor. For efficient image retrieval, we proposed a novel method that is gradual block-based efficient lossy location coding to compress location information according to distribution in images. From experimental result, the number of average bits per feature point reduce 5~6% and the accuracy rate keep compared to state of the art TM 3.0.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.4
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• pp.495-504
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• 2008

Aspect Oriented Programming(AOP) is a relatively new programming paradigm and has properties that other programming paradigms don't have. This new programming paradigm provides new modularization of software systems by cross-cutting concerns. In this paper, we propose a regression test method for program evolution by AOP. By using JoinPoint, we can catch a pointcut-name which makes it possible to test the incorrect pointcut strength fault and the incorrect aspect precedence fault. Through extending proof rules to aspect, we can recognize failures to establish expected postconditions faults. We can also trace variables using set() and get() pointcut and test failures to preserve state invariant fault. Using control flow graph, we can test incorrect changes in control dependencies faults. In order to show the correctness of our proposed method, channel management system is implemented and tested by using proposed methods.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2018

The LMF (Least Mean Fourth) algorithm is well known for its fast convergence and low steady-state error especially in non-Gaussian noise environments. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithms with self-adjusted step size. It is because the self-adjusted step-size LMS algorithms have shown to outperform the conventional fixed step-size LMS in the various situations. In this paper, a self-adjusted step-size LMF algorithm is proposed, which adopts an averaged gradient based step size as a self-adjusted step size. It is expected that the proposed algorithm also outperforms the conventional fixed step-size LMF. The superiority of the proposed algorithm is confirmed by the simulations in the time invariant and time variant channels.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

This paper addresses a hybrid multi-focus image fusion scheme using the recent curvelet transform constructions. Hybridization is obtained by combining the MS fusion rule with a novel "copy" method. The proposed scheme use MS rule to fuse the m most significant terms in spectrum of an image at each decomposition level. The scheme is dubbed in this work as m-term fusion in adherence to its use of the MSC (most significant coefficients) in the transform set at any given scale, orientation, and translation. We applied the edge-sensitive objective quality measure proposed by Xydeas and Petrovic to evaluate the method. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is a potential alternative to the redundant, shift-invariant Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet transforms. In particular, it was confirmed that a 50% m-term fusion produces outputs with no visible quality degradation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.97-103
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• 2018

In this paper, the estimation method for the power signal harmonics is proposed by using the time-varying optimal finite impulse response (FIR) filter. To estimate the magnitude and phase-angle of the harmonic components, the time-varying optimal FIR filter is designed for the state space representation of the noisy power signal which the magnitude and phase is considered as a stochastic process. Since the time-varying optimal FIR filter used in the proposed method does not use any priori information of the initial condition and has FIR structure, the proposed method could overcome the demerits of Kalman filter based method such as poor estimation and divergence problem. Due to the FIR structure, the proposed method is more robust against to the model uncertainty than the Kalman filter. Moreover, the proposed method gives more general solution than the time-invariant optimal FIR filter based harmonic estimation method. To verify the performance and robustness of the proposed method, the proposed method is compared with time-varying Kalman filter based method through simulation.