• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.201-211
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• 2016

This paper uses the Panzar Rosse model to investigate the competitive conditions in the Korean life insurance companies over the period of 1999 2012. We break down the entire sample period into four distinctive groups and analyze the competitiveness of each period. The results indicate that for the pre-introduction of Bancassurance period, the H-statistic is -1.3984 and the life insurance market is found to be in monopoly or cartel. However, for the post-introduction of Bancassurance period, the H-statistic is 0.9107 and the life insurance market appears to be in monopolistic competition. The results from the introduction of retirement pension system are very similar to those of the introduction of Bancassurance. Overall, the findings indicate that the Korean life insurance market is in long-run equilibrium before the new system introduction, but make adjustments to the new equilibrium.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.139-167
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• 2000

Historical development of cataloging rules in Korea can be divided into the period of traditional single-entry cataloging, the introduction period of western cataloging rules, the period of international standardization, and the period of MARC. This study tries to review catalog organization relating to catalog structure and choice of headings, and rules for description relating to idenhfymg items from the period of traditional single-entry cataloging to the introduction period of western cataloging rules in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.406-408
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• 2000

Recently, Korea's electric industry is in the midst of a period of profound changes in the structure and function, including the introduction of market competition in the generation sector. Therefore, it is difficult to promote long-term capacity planning and new generating capacity construction which have been driven by KEPCO so far, after the introduction of market competition, so new generating capacity construction and security of reserve margin is needed through self·regulation plan of private generation producers by market mechanism. According to the competition in the generation sector, a new paradigm is necessary to the long-term capacity planning driven by the Government. This paper analyzes the plan and the incentive level able to guide the new generation capacity construction considering the uncertainty risk in a period of introduction of competition. In addition, this paper analyzes the plan able to guide the new capacity construction by market function at the stage which market become established and Government's role to solve the anxiety about the capacity supply and demand.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.57-67
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• 2001

The evolution of multi-family housing in Cheongju can be divided by four stages which are a introduction period from 1972 to 1980, a popularization period from 1981 to 1989, a expansion period from 1990 to 1997, and a stagnation period after 1998. In the introduction period, the multi-family housings were mainly low-rise buildings because a government policy which focused on extension of the apartments for the low-income influenced multi-family housing constructions. During the popularization period, the multi-family housings were still low-rise but houses in various sizes were introduced. That was because the Housing Site Developments were started and private companies' participations followed them increasingly. As a result of vigorous participations of private companies and massive developments of housing sites, the multi-family housings in the expansion period started to show constructions of complex and trends of high density and high rising. Finally, in the stagnation period, a rate of the supply of the small houses, whose size was below $60m^2$ of exclusive, area was increased and extreme high-rise apartments emerged. High rising and density were the mainstream of the construction concepts. During this period, the growth of multi-family housing marked low. The reason was that a downturn in economy led private companies to shrink their constructions.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examined whether the infant feeding type and duration are related to the introduction of complementary feeding, and whether the appropriate introduction of complementary feeding in infancy is related to tooth decay in toddlers. Methods: The subjects were 1,521 toddlers among 2~3 year old children in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2015. The toddlers were divided into the appropriate group (4~6 months) and delayed group (>6 months) according to the timing of complementary feeding introduction. Results: The delayed group were 26.5% of subjects and the formula feeding period in the appropriate group and delayed group was 8.4 and 10.3 months, respectively (P=0.002). On the other hand, there was no difference in the breastfeeding period between the appropriate group and delayed group (P=0.6955). Early childhood caries was more common in the delayed group (P=0.0065). The delayed introduction of complementary feeding was associated with a risk of early childhood caries according to the logistic models (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.27-2.57). Conclusions: The introduction of complementary feeding is associated with early childhood caries. Therefore, the importance of the proper introduction of complementary feeding in infancy should be emphasized, and public relations and education for maternal care and breastfeeding should be provided through health care institutions.

• Vacuum Magazine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.10-14
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• 2017

In this paper, I present the introduction of cutoff probe in plasma diagnostics. This paper shows the whole progress for the cutoff probe including how to start to develop the cutoff probe in the initial period, what idea has been included during the development, how to evolve the probe during ten years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.31-44
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine introduction and establishment of the police uniform during Japan's early Meiji period, in order to get deeper understanding of the introduction of the modern uniform. The research method included a literature review of laws related to police uniform, which were collected and analyzed. The result shows that the uniform stipulated by Keisi-cho Uniform regulation in 1874 included characteristics of Western uniforms that show the rank of the officers using emblems, such as different cap badges and uniform stripes, while maintaining the same form. Later, the modern uniform system came into form with the addition of a national symbol, building system of formal wear, separating uniforms for different classes, and adding additional uniforms. This illustrates the process of introducing and establishing western-style uniform in the East and can serve as a reference for similar studies.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.41-51
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• 2002

The author of the paper investigated the changes of hairstyle along the developments in hairdressing industry in the 20th century. The development process of hairdressing industry was divided into four periods of introduction, origination, growth, and establishment. The corresponding changes of hairstyle were analyzed and the findings are as follows. 1. Hairstyle could be classified into such typical ones as traditional style, cut, bob, wave, permanent wave, up style, and hair coloring. 2. Fashion leaders affected the changes of hairstyle. 3. Whenever hairdressing appliances were introduced, new hairstyle was practiced as follows with the use of the appliances. (1) Introduction Period - Traditional Style : Chignon, pigtail ribbon $\rightarrow$ Variations were designed in hair length or split due to the limited availability of appliances. - Up Style : Pompadour, thick and up hair, encircling hair $\rightarrow$ Padding was used for sweep-up. (2) Origination Period - Bob Style : Women's first bob style. - Wave style : Wave with bob, close-cropped hair, up style $\rightarrow$ Iron, set, permanent devices were used. (3) Development Period - Wave Style : Wind wave, easily manageable wave $\rightarrow$ Blow dry, body permanent were used. (4) Establishment Period - Straight Style : Use of straight permanent. - Thick Wave Style : Development of various kinds of rod. - Hair Coloring : Advent of diverse fashion hair coloring, apart from the coloring of white hair, with the introduction of color TV. - Bob Style : Romantic bob style $^{\circ}\hat{E}$ Use of clippers and thinning scissors. Thus, the changes of hairstyle according to the development in hairdressing industry had close relationship with the improvement in hairdressing appliances.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 2017

Introduction to Medicine (Euihak-Ipmun), written by Lee Chun of the Ming Dynasty, is a comprehensive medical book brought to Joseon in the 1600s. It directly influenced many medical books written in the Joseon Dynasty of the same period, and became a major citation document of Dongui-Bogam. Introduction to Medicine became a major text for medical education in 1834 and has since been used as a clinical primer of Korean medicine. This article first examines the Joseon's era published version of Introduction to Medicine using documentation of the Diary of the Royal Secretariat (Seungjeongwon Ilgi), and a woodblock list. Based on these investigations, the reviewer examined the existing versions of the book, and focused on various characteristics for comparison. This article reveals facts which include : 1) All editions of Introduction to Medicine published at the present office are published by Jeolla-do provincial office (Jeolla-Gamyeong). 2) The first edition was published before 1636. 3) A finely produced version (Jeongganbon) was published around 1760. 4) The Jeongrijache-iron type publication was published around 1801.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.51-59
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• 2020

The objective of this study is to enrich the literature by investigating the impact of introduction of index future trading on spot market returns and trading volume in Vietnam. Data used in this study mainly consist of daily VN30-Index and market trading volume series during the period from February 6^th, 2012 to December 31^st, 2019. Using OLS, GARCH(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1) models, the empirical findings consistently confirm that the introduction of index future trading has no impact on the spot market returns. In addition, the results of the EGARCH(1,1) model indicate that the leverage effect on the spot market volatility is existence in HOSE. Specifically, bad news has a greater effect on the market volatility than good news of the same size. Moreover, our empirical findings reveal that the introduction of index future contracts has the positive impact on the underlying market trading volume. Specifically, the trading volume of the post-index futures introduction increases by 7.5 percent compared with the pre-index futures introduction. Finally, the results obtained from the Granger causality test for the relationship between the spot market returns and the future trading activity confirm that only uni-directional causality running from the market returns to the future trading activity exists in HOSE.