• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.169-173
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• 1986

It was carried out to detect the analgesic action of piperine by hot-plate method and to elucidate its mechanism in rats. Piperine (30mg/kg i.p.) produced profound analgesia, which was blocked by naloxone (10mg/kg). Chronic intraperitoneal administration of piperine significantly increased the contents of $\beta$-endorphin in rat midbrain. In the chronic piperine-treated groups, significant decreases of maximum opiate binding were observed. However, Kd value in these groups were not changed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.198-209
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• 1992

The decreased activities of liver enzymes relating to carbohydrate metabolism such as glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and acetyl CoA carboxylase of streptozotocin injected rats were significantly modified by the intraperitoneal injection of ginseng saponin mixture and/or purified ginsenosides. However, several enzymes such as pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme and glycogen phosphorylase were not modified appreciably by the saponin administration, suggesting that the effect of ginseng saponin might be depend upon individual enzymes. Examination of liver enzymes by liver professing technique using perfusion buffer containing saponin (10-3%) showed that the ginseng saponin might stimulate insulin biosynthesis as well as the related enzyme activities.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.137.1-137.1
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• 2003

We investigated immunoactivity of ginkgolides (GLS), the primary active constituent of Ginkgo biloba leaves, against disseminated candidiasis due to Candida albicans. This fungus is a polymorphic opportunistic pathogen. BALB/c mice were induced neutropenia by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide (CP) 24 hours before an i.p administration of GLS (2 mg/mouse) to the mice. Control mice received diluent (Dulbecco's phosphate saline solution; DPBS) instead of GLS. (omitted)

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.141-156
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• 2000

Cloves are the dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Mere et Perry (Myrtaceae). They have been successfully used for the management of various allergic disorders by oral administration in Korea. In this study, the author investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum on immediate-type hypersensitivity by anal administration. Anal administration of Syzygium aromaticum showed a marked inhibition rate in systemic hypersensitivity with a dose of 1 mg/kg 1 hr before intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80. Anal administration of Syzygium aromaticum significantly reduced plasma histamine contents induced by compound 48/80. Anal administration of Syzygium aromaticum (1 mg/kg) also inhibited to $61.4\%$ (P<0.01) local a1lergic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. In addition, Syzygium aromaticum dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from the peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. When Syzygium aromaticum was added, the level of cAMP in peritoneal mast cells transiently and significantly increased about 47-fold at 10 second compared with that of basal cells. These results provide evidence that anal therapy of Syzygium aromaticum may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic and local immediate-type hypersensitivity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.147-153
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• 2018

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the central antinociceptive effects of eugenol after intraperitoneal administration. Experiments were carried out using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin-induced nociceptive behavioral responses was used as the pain model. Subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin significantly produced nociceptive responses by increasing the licking time during nociceptive behavior. Subsequent intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of eugenol led to a significant decrease in the licking time. However, low dose of eugenol (50 mg/kg) did not affect the nociceptive behavioral responses produced by subcutaneous injection of formalin. Intrathecal injection of $30{\mu}g$ of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, significantly blocked antinociceptive effects produced by intraperitoneal injection of eugenol. Neither intrathecal injection of methysergide ($30{\mu}g$), a serotonin receptor antagonist nor phentolamine ($30{\mu}g$), an ${\alpha}-adrenergic$ receptor antagonist influenced antinociceptive effects of eugenol, as compared to the vehicle treatment. These results suggest that central opioid pathway participates in mediating the antinociceptive effects of eugenol.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.229-233
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• 2015

The anti-nociceptive effect of an ethanol extract and its various solvent fractions from Curcuma longa Linne ethanol extract was studied using the writhing test in mice. Different fractions by various solvent extraction from Curcuma longa Linne ethanol extract were administered orally 1 hr or time-course (0.5, 1, 2 and 5 hr) before intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. After treatment with 30% ethanol extract and n-butanol fraction, CB-1, at a dose of 250 mg/kg, the significant writhing responses were 87.5 ± 13.4 (inhibition rate 31%, p<0.01) and 75.1 ± 11.1 (inhibition rate 41%, p<0.01) lower than the control group. At the dose of CB-1 50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, CB-1 showed a similar activity comparing to diclofenac of 10 mg/kg. A time-course experiment was performed, which involved oral administration of CB-1 (250 mg/kg) at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 hr before acetic acid intraperitoneal injection. The most effective time of CB-1 was 30 min before treatment and persisting until 2 hr. This study showed that Curcuma longa Linne has anti-nociceptive properties comparable with those of diclofenac, which suggests promise for the treatment of intractable visceral pain in humans. Major components of the active fraction are identified as curcumin, cyclocurcumin and demethoxycurcumin.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2008

The effect of Picrorrhiza Rhizoma (PR) aqueous extracts were evaluated on 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis, type I allergic model. Contact dermatitis was induced by sensitization with dinitrophenyl-derivatized ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) and DNFB challenge as antigen. Three different concentrations of PR extracts (300,150 and 75mg/kg) were orally administered to DNP-OVA sensitization mice once a day for 7 days with reference materials; dexamethasone (15mg/kg, intraperitoneal treatment). End of 7 days oral administration of PR extracts or intraperitoneal treatment of dexamethasone, the changes on the edematous changes and scratching behavior were measured. Immediate after DNFB challenge on ear or paw of DNP-OVA sensitized mice, increases of ear and paw thicknesses and weights were detected with anterior ear skin (dermis to epidermis) thickness and paw scratching behavior increases. However, these DNFB-induced increases on ear and paw thicknesses, weights and scratching behaviors were decreased by treatment of all three different dosages of PR extracts and dexamethasone, respectively. In addition, the increases of anterior skin thicknesses were also dramatically inhibited by treatment of all three different dosages of PR extracts and dexamethasone at histopathological observations. The results obtained in this study suggest that oral treatment of PR extracts also has relatively favorable effects on allergic dermatitis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1600-1605
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• 2007

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities and activities of antioxidant enzymes of weanling pigs. In the experiment, 24 male $Landrance{\times}Yorkshire $weanling pigs were allotted to three groups of 8 animals each. Pigs were fed individually. According to a single factorial arrangement, pigs received diets with 5% of either fresh (group 1 and group 3) or oxidized fish oil (peroxide value was 786.50 meq $O_2/kg$ before inclusion in the diet, group 2). At the beginning of the experiment, pigs in group 3 received an intraperitoneal injection of diquat at 12 mg/kg of body weight. The trial lasted for 26 d. A metabolism test was carried out during the last 4 days of the second week. The results showed that feeding diets containing oxidized fish oil or injection with diquat depressed the growth performance and nutrient digestibilities of weanling pigs, decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased concentration of malondialdehyde in plasma and liver. Intraperitoneal injection of diquat would induce more serious oxidative stress than oral intake of oxidized fish oil in the diet. In conclusion, administration of oxidized fish oil or diquat could induce oxidative stress in weanling pigs, and oxidative stress could depress growth performance and impact anti-oxidative ability of young pigs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.305-314
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• 2000

Recombinant inteileukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent inductive stimulus for nitric oxide synthesis (NO.) and has been demonstrated as an antineoplastic agent in mice and human. But it is not let clear whether NO. can contribute to IL-2-induced therapeutic responses. Therefore, the current experiment was undertaken to clarify the effect of IL-2 on antitumor response against subcutaneous Meth-A tumor in mice. At the beginning of each experiment, normal BALB/c mice were injected subcuta-neously with $5{\times}10^6 Meth-A$ tumor cells. Some mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps con- taining 225 $\mu$l of 3.38 M $N^{\gamma}$ -monomethyl-L-arginine (MLA. an NOS inhibitor). Beginning on day 7, experimental groups were treated with a f-day course of IL-2 (50,000 lU,75,000 nJ,100,0007, 50,000 IU+MLA, 75,000 IU+MLA, 100,000 IU+MLA intraperitoneal injection every 12 hours for 5 days). The result of this experiment revealed that Meth-A tumor grew progressively in control mice. Intraperitoneal IL-2 treatment decreased tumor growth and prolonged survival. compared with con-trol mice. But no significant differences among 50.000 lU.75.000 lU and 100,000 lU of 7-2 treat-ment were observed. MLA administration prevented partially the decrease tumor growth and prolong survival of IL-2 treated mice compared with mice receiving IL-2 alone.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2010

The effect of DHU001, a mixed herbal formula consisted of 7 types aqueous extracts for various respiratory disorders were evaluated on 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis, type I allergic model. Contact dermatitis was induced by sensitization with dinitrophenyl-derivatized ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) and DNFB challenge as antigen. Two different dosages of DHU001 (300 and 150 mg/kg) were orally administered to DNP-OVA sensitization mice once a day for 7 days with reference material, dexamethasone (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal treatment). End of 7 days oral administration of DHU001 extracts or intraperitoneal treatment of dexamethasone, the changes on the edematous changes and scratching behavior were measured. Immediate after DNFB challenge on ear or paw of DNP-OVA sensitized mice, increases of ear and paw thicknesses and weights were detected with anterior ear skin (dermis to epidermis) thickness and paw scratching behavior increases. However, these contact dermatitis signs induced by DNFB treatment were reduced by treatment of the both different dosages of DHU001 and dexamethasone, respectively. The results obtained in this study suggest that oral treatment of DHU001 extracts also has relatively favorable effects on contact dermatitis.