• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.469-473
• /
• 2009

Induced activation of the gamma-aminobutyric $acid_A$ ($GABA_A$) receptor in the retina of goldfish caused the fish to rotate in the opposite direction to that of the spinning pattern during an optomotor response (OMR) measurement. Muscimol, a $GABA_A$ receptor agonist, modified OMR in a concentration-dependent manner. The $GABA_B$ receptor agonist baclofen and $GABA_C$ receptor agonist CACA did not affect OMR. The observed modifications in OMR included decreased anterograde rotation $(0.01\sim0.03\;{\mu}M)$, coexistence of retrograde rotation and decreased anterograde rotation $(0.1\sim30\;{\mu}M)$ and only retrograde rotation $(100\;{\mu}M\sim1\;mM)$. In contrast, the $GABA_A$ receptor antagonist bicuculline blocked muscimol-induced retrograde rotation. Based on these results, we inferred that the coding inducing retrograde movement of the goldfish retina is essentially associated with the GABAA receptor-related visual pathway. Furthermore, from our novel approach using observations of goldfish behavior the induced discrete snapshot duration was approximately 573 ms when the fish were under the influence of muscimol.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.375-381
• /
• 1995

Two intraocular tumors were identified in low and medium dosed groups of a carcinogenicity study using 200 males and 200 females Sprague-Dawley rats in Screening & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology. The tumors were grossly observed as white or yellow, unilateral nodules. They were approximately $1-2{\times}3-5mm$ in size. The tumors located in the region of iris and/or ciliary body invaded peripheral cornea. The microscopic features were usually composed of spindle cells arranged in parallel, forming gently curving bundles or whorls. The spindle cells had poorly defined cell boundaries, scant to moderate cytoplasm, fusiform nuclei and indistinct nucleoli. Mitotic figures were rare and areas of necrosis were present. The spindle cells had positive immunoreactivity for S-100 protein and vimentin but negative for desmin, collagen and HMB-45 antibody. In special histochemical studies, the spindle cells react with Gomori's stain for argyrophih fibers, Prussian blue stain for iron but negative with Masson-Fontana's stain for melanin granules. Ultrastructurally, cytoplasmic premelanosomes were not observed in the tumor cells due to the poor preservation of tumor masses. Based on the results, the tumors were diagnosed as amelanotic melanoma.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2002

The oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome of Lowe (Lowe syndrome) is an X-linked recessive disorder involving the eyes, nervous systems, and kidneys. The clinical manifestation of this syndrome is characterized by congenital cataracts, glaucoma, seizure disorder, psychomotor growth retardation, hypotonia, renal tubular acidosis, aminoaciduria, rickets, and osteoporosis. We report a 5-year old boy underwent general anesthesia for the treatment of multiple dental carries. During intraoperative period, marked metabolic acidosis was noted and such acidosis was partially corrected by hyperventilation. We suggest that patients with Lowe's syndrome should be attention and treated to possible anesthetic hazards such as metabolic acidosis due to renal tubular dysfunction, rise of intraocular pressure in patient with glaucoma, the fragility of the bone structures due to rickets and osteoporosis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.12-22
• /
• 2004

The management of coincident glaucoma and cataract is not only a common clinical challenge but also an important research topic in the ophthalmic surgical field. The purpose of this article is to compare the different surgical options on the basis of their achievable postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) control, success rates, and complication rates reported in the related literature, and to give advice on how to manage typical situations of patients with both glaucoma and cataract. Main topics were focused on indications and rationale of 3 surgical options (only cataract surgery first and later trabeculectomy, only trabeculectomy first and later cataract surgery, or simultaneous combined surgery). Modern clear corneal cataract extraction techniques resulted in a modest intermediate-term reduction of IOP and has considerably improved the success rates of combined glaucoma and cataract surgery. It also enabled future trabeculectomy to be successfully performed at a later date if necessary. Trabeculectomy alone achieved better IOP regulation than phacotrabeculectomy (combined surgery), but subsequent cataract surgery may compromise preexisting filtering bleb. Combined surgery augmented with mitomycin C achieved a lower IOP than combined surgery alone but had a higher complication rate. In conclusion, the choice of the preferred surgical method should be determined according to the target pressure, the amount of glaucomatous damage, and the grade of visual disturbance caused by the cataract. Phacotrabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C offers visual improvement and achieves the best IOP lowering of all types of combined glaucoma and cataract surgery currently used but is associated with potentially sight-threatening complications.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.364-369
• /
• 1998

The purposes of the present study were to compare the effects of viscoelastic materials available in phacoemulsification in dogs and to evaluate $ARTZ^{\circledR}$ as their substitute. Six eyes from the healthy adult dogs were used in each group with different viscoelastic materials, $Healon$^{\circledR}, Viscoat^{\circledR}$ and $Occucoat^{\circledR} and ARTZ^{\circledR}$. The phacoemulsification was carried out with surgical micmscope(Leica M65l, Germany) and pbacoemulsiscation gystemGfidek 6000, Japan). $ARTZ^{\circledR}$ had lower pseudoplasocity than other viscoelastics. There was not significant difference in phacotime, rate of posterior capsule rupture, incidence of the intraocular inflammation among the viscoelastic materials. The corneal thickness in all groups was significantly increased in a day after operation and decreased gradually. However $ARTZ$^{\circledR}$ had more time to recover the preoperative thickness than the others. CoBiunctival congestion in the group with $ARTZ^{\circledR}$ was more severe but. there were no postoperative posterior capsule opacity and visual loss. The present study indirated that $ARTZ^{\circledR}$ could be used as viscoelastic material in dogs with respect to the vision after surgery.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.224-232
• /
• 2020

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide and is characterized by degeneration of the optic nerve. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major contributing factor to optic nerve damage. However, some patients develop glaucoma even with normal IOP. Other factors, including age, race, myopia, and nutrition, can affect glaucoma risk. Dietary fat intake and serum fatty acid composition are closely related with the fatty acid profile of the retina and thus can modulate glaucoma risk. In this study, we collected serum samples from 34 glaucoma patients (26 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 8 normal tension glaucoma (NTG)) and 45 healthy controls and analyzed their serum phospholipid fatty acid concentrations. The results show that the ratio of oleic acid to stearic acid (OA/SA), which is an indicator of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity, was higher in POAG patients when compared to normal controls. The ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (EPA/AA), which is an indirect marker of eicosanoid biosynthesis, was also higher in glaucoma patients (p=0.048). These results imply that dietary fatty acid intake and serum fatty acid profile can influence glaucoma risk. Additional study is necessary to identify the relationship between fatty acids and glaucoma.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.286-291
• /
• 2020

A 15-year-old castrated male Persian (Case 1), an 1.5-year-old castrated male Bengal (Case 2), and an 1.5-year-old spayed female Russian Blue (Case 3) cats were presented with iris-color change and suspicious anterior chamber mass. Complete ophthalmic examination revealed a vascularized or blood tinted mass filling with anterior chamber accompanied by rubeosis iridis, dyscoria, keratic precipitates, and severe aqueous flare. Ocular ultrasonography showed an iridociliary mass with blood flow signal in Case 1. Abdominal ultrasonography also revealed suspicious metastatic involvements of liver and spleen in this cat. Case 2 and 3 were suspected of being infected with feline infectious peritonitis. Topical antibiotic/steroid combinations were prescribed to control the uveitis in all 3 cases, although enucleation was initially considered for palliative pain management in Case 1. Anterior chamber mass had almost completely disappeared after topical medications and uveitis has been successfully managed, remaining in sight, even though ocular hypertension developed 1 month later in Case 1.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.423-427
• /
• 2005

Color Doppler imaging (CDI) was carried out to evaluate the anesthetics effect on ophthalmic circulation using CDI-derived resistive index (RI) values. CDI was preformed on 24 dogs, and RI values were calculated for the medial long posterior ciliary artery (mLPCA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) before and after administration of anesthetics. After administration of benoxinate or acepromazine, a significant change of the mLPCA RI was not found. But, a significant decrease of the RI following ketamine (p < 0.001) or xylazine (p < 0.01) administration could be observed as compared with the self-control. Mean RI value of OA also showed this same trend. Intraocular pressure was significantly decrease following benoxinate (p < 0.01), acepromazine (p < 0.01), and xylazine (p < 0.001) administration within normal range. The results suggest that some anesthetics influence on ophthalmic vascular resistance. Therefore, chemical restraint was carefully used in clinical application of CDI-derived RI measurement. Particularly, benoxinate and acepromazine is useful chemical restraint without a change of the ophthalmic vascular resistance.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2012

Objective : Acupuncture has been used for treating eye disease for thousands of years but there are few evidence based medicine (EBM) for its use. This study is a review of Clinical trials related to the treatment of eye disease by acupuncture therapy. Methods : We referred a Pubmed site by using searching word of "eye, acupuncture" (Limits: 10 Year, Clinical Trials, Humans, English). Results : Eight journals with twelve papers were searched. Eight of these studies were randomized and ten trials of acupuncture treatments reported significant effect. On the topic of these clinical trials, five of them were about dry eyes, four about disorder of refraction, two about intraocular pressure and one about visual function. The result of clinical studies represented the significant cure rate. Conclusion : We found that RCTs about the acupucnture for eye diseases were more and more published. But their average impact factor was 2.16 and average modified Jadad score was 3.89, so there needs more qualifying studies.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.315-318
• /
• 2018

A 13-year-old spayed female Beagle dog was referred with high intraocular pressure, hyperemia, and exophthalmos of the left eye and underwent ultrasound, which revealed a mass in the ciliary body of the left eye. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was ordered to evaluate invasion of surrounding structures and metastasis to the brain via the optic nerve. On MR imaging, a single, well-defined, smoothly marginated, triangular-to-oval-shaped mass was found. The mass was hyperintense on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2-weighted images, similar to a previous case of ocular melanoma. The mass originated from the ciliary body and extended from the anterior chamber to the posterior chamber. Slight enhancement was observed in the mass. There was no evidence of invasion into surrounding structures or the optic nerve, and no sign of metastasis to the brain. The mass was histopathologically diagnosed as benign uveal melanocytoma.