• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2010

Purpose: Accurate and exact measurement is an important factor for generating meaningful results in any properly designed study. If all the participating examiners are able to yield similar results, it will be possible to evaluate the objective results of the study more easily and quickly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of histometric measurements in the intrabony periodontal defect model. Methods: One wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the distal aspect of the second and the medial aspect of the fourth mandibular premolars in the right and left jaw quadrants in twenty beagle dogs and the defect sites received the following ${\beta}$-tri calcium phosphate, growth differentiation factor-0, growth differentiation factor-100 and sham surgery. Histometric analysis was performed after 8 weeks. Histometric parameters were recorded and repeated at three months interval by three examiners. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility was assessed. Results: Most parameters of all the groups showed high intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility. Parameters including defect height, bone regeneration height, cementum regeneration height, and formation of junctional epithelium yielded interexaminer correlation ${\geq}0.9$. The intra-examiner reproducibility showed a high result, over 0.9. Conclusions: Histometric evaluation of the one-wall intra-alveolar periodontal defect model showed high reproducibility not only for a single given examiner but also among the three examiners.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.106-107
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• 2006

A series of vinyl monomers and their saturated model compounds containing different chromophores were synthesized. These monomers display strong intra-molecular fluorescence quenching, their fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes are generally lower than those of their model compounds. It was found that the C=C bonds in these monomers played a key role in the intra-molecular quenching, which was confirmed by intermolecular fluorescence quenching and time-resolved fluorescence studies. On the basis of the intra-molecular quenching, a new fluorescence approach can be developed to monitor the process of the polymerization and curing of bismaleimides, which can directly reflect the C=C bond consumption during polymerization and curing.

• 지역연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.37-57
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• 1996

Intra-metropolitan spatial segmentation of the labor marker requires barriers of mobility on both supply and demand side of the local labor marker. The phenomena of spatial segmentation of the labor market are particularly applied to the secondary workers rather than to the primary workers. Supply side barriers include the costs of obtaining job information regarding jobs outside of the immediate area, commuting costs, and barriers to residential mobility. Demand side barriers include site-specific technology and product demand, and discrimination. In this paper, I discuss these barriers and examine their implications for differences in segmentation by demographic and skill groups at the intra-metropolitan scale. In particular, I apply a job search model to examine supply side barriers such as information and commuting costs, and an implicit contract model to explain demand side barriers such as dual/internal labor market and firms' (re) location strategies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2020

Intra-industry trade (IIT) has played an important role in international trade of Vietnam as a result of rapid growth of the country. This article investigates the level of IIT between Vietnam and 11 trading partners in Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) over the period 2000-2014. Although there have been a large number of empirical researches contributed to the determinants of IIT, most of them only pay attention on developed countries where the trade flows are similar due to similar demand structure and production technology. Until now, there is no study on intra-industry trade between Vietnam and countries in TPP that Vietnam recently signed a trade agreement in early 2016. IIT is measured by the Grubel-Lloyd index. The index shows that the extent of intra-industry trade between Vietnam and the trading countries is not high due to the level of economic development and the market size. The determinants of IIT are examined using a panel regression model. In the empirical analysis, the results indicate that Vietnam's intra-industry trade is positively correlated with country size, while it is negatively correlated with income dissimilarity, the trade openness, and geographical distance. This study contributes to the new theoretical trade theory on the evidence of developing country's IIT.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.1355-1364
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• 2019

A recently published nuclear forensics methodology for source discrimination of separated weapons-grade plutonium utilizes intra-element isotope ratios and a maximum likelihood formulation to identify the most likely source reactor-type, fuel burnup and time since irradiation of unknown material. Sensitivity studies performed here on the effects of random measurement error and the uncertainty in intra-element isotope ratio values show that different intra-element isotope ratios have disproportionate contributions to the determination of the reactor parameters. The methodology is robust to individual errors in measured intra-element isotope ratio values and even more so for uniform systematic errors due to competing effects on the predictions from the selected intra-element isotope ratios suite. For a unique sample-model pair, simulation uncertainties of up to 28% are acceptable without impeding successful source-reactor discrimination. However, for a generic sample with multiple plausible sources within the reactor library, uncertainties of 7% or less may be required. The results confirm the critical role of accurate reactor core physics, fuel burnup simulations and experimental measurements in the proposed methodology where increased simulation uncertainty is found to significantly affect the capability to discriminate between the reactors in the library.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

Both flow visualizations and computational fluid dynamics were performed to determine hemodynamics in a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) model for surgically correcting congenital heart defects. From magnetic resonance images, an anatomically correct glass model was fabricated to visualize steady flow. The total flow rates were 4, 6 and 8L/min and flow rates from SVC and IVC were 40:60. The flow split ratio between LPA and RPA was varied by 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. A pressure-based finite-volume software was used to solve steady flow dynamics in TCPC models. Results showed that superior vena cava(SVC) and inferior vena cava(IVC) flow merged directly to the intra-atrial conduit, creating two large vortices. Significant swirl motions were observed in the intra-atrial conduit and pulmonary arteries. Flow collision or swirling flow resulted in energy loss in TCPC models. In addition, a large intra-atrial channel or a sharp bend in TCPC geometries could influence on energy losses. Energy conservation was efficient when flow rates in pulmonary branches were balanced. In order to increase energy efficiency in Fontan operations, it is necessary to remove a flow collision in the intra-atrial channel and a sharp bend in the pulmonary bifurcation.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.2020-2025
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• 2006

H.264/AVC는 ITU-T 비디오 코딩 전문가 그룹과 ISO/IEC MPEG 그룹에 의해 제안된 최신 비디오 코딩 표준안이다. 최근 DMB와 멀티미디어 장비들이 비디오 압축 표준으로 H.264/AVC를 채택하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 메모리 사용을 최소화하고, 칩 면적을 최소화할 수 있는 H.264/AVC의 인트라 프레임 디코더를 제안한다. 제안한 인트라 프레임 디코더는 하드웨어 설계 언어인 VHDL로 기술하여 model_sim을 사용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 그리고 FPGA칩인 XCV1000E에 다운로드하여 칩 레벨에서 설계된 H.264/AVC의 인트라 프레임 디코더를 검증하였다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2010

This paper addresses a design issue of "model complexity and performance trade-off" in the application of bandwidth extension (BWE) methods to the intra-frame predictivevector quantization problem of wideband speech. It discusses model-based linear and non-linear prediction methods and presents a comparative study of them in terms of prediction gain. Through experimentation, the general trend of saturation in performance (with the increase in model complexity) is observed. However, specifically, it is also observed that there is no significant difference between HMM and GMM-based BWE functions.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.180-181
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• 2019

This paper proposes a rate control algorithm for intra coding frame in HEVC encoder using a deep learning approach. The proposed algorithm is designed for CTU level bit allocation in intra frame by considering visual features spatially and temporally. Our features are generated using visual geometry group (VGG-16) with deep convolutional layers, then it is used for bit allocation per each CTU within an intra frame. According to our experiments, the proposed algorithm can achieve -2.04% Luma component BD-rate gain with minimal bit accuracy loss against the HM-16.20 rate control model.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.985-998
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• 2022

Even after the standardization of VVC completed in 2020, continuing efforts for developing even better video coding technology are still under way. In this context, the Joint Video Experts Group (JVET) is developing various video compression technologies under the name of enhanced compression beyond VVC capability which has reported BDBR gain of -6.75%, -14.05%, and -15.25% on its test model, ECM version 5.0, respectively in Y, Cb, and Cr channels by just having a few new or improved intra coding tools. The current activity has so far adopted 11 intra coding tools beyond VVC which can generate more sophisticated predictors, reduce signaling overhead, or combine various predictors. In this tutorial paper, we will review these techniques.