• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.57-75
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to develop an English prosody training system using PC for Korean learners of English. The program is called Intonation Training Tool (ITT). It operates on DOS 5.0. The hardware for this program requires over IBM PC 386 with 4 MBytes main memory, SVGA (1 MByte or more) for graphic, soundblaster 16 and over 14 inch monitor size. The ITT program operates this way: the learners can listen as well as see the English teacher's stress and intonation patterns on the monitor. The learner practices the same patterns with a microphone. This program facilitates the learner's stress and intonation patterns to overlap the teacher's patterns. The learner can find his/her stress and intonation errors and correct these independently. This program is expected to be a highly efficient learning tool for Korean learners of English in their English prosody training in the English class without the aid of a native English speaker in the classroom.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 2022

This study identifies distinguishing features and variability of intonation patterns in Korean phonological phrases. Syllable count and segmental content, which are phonological conditions, of the intonation of phonological phrases were examined. Based on the four syllables, the intonation of a phonological phrase can be set to LHLH as the basic form, and syllable count acts as a condition for making a variation. The "3 syllables or less condition" changes the intonation from a curved line to a straight line. Variation occurs in pitch bandwidth and fluctuation according to segmental content. The first segment affects the phonological phrase formation bandwidth, and the following segment affects the pitch fluctuation. If the first segment has [+aspirate], [+tense], [+continuant], the intonation is formed in the high band, otherwise, it is formed in the low band. If the second or after segment in the intonation realized in the high band has [-aspirate], [-tense], [-continuant], the pitch is lowered to the lowest level of the low bandwidth. In the intonation realized in the low band, [+aspirate], [+tense], [+continuant] is blocked by the second descent of LHLH.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2009

Many researchers have argued about the relationship between information structure and intonation. Their results can be summarized in three main points: the intonation of topic and focus in English information structures is implemented as i) a pitch accent, ii) a tune (a pitch accent + (an) edge tone(s)), or iii) a boundary tone. The purpose of this paper is to study various intonational patterns of topic and focus in English information structures, using natural conversations. In this paper, the types of topics and foci are divided, based on contrastiveness. The topics are classified as five non-contrastive and four contrastive topics. The foci are classified as neutral focus, informational focus, and contrastive focus. The results show that the intonation of the topic in English information structures is mainly implemented as a pitch accent, except for the type of the pronoun topic (Lp) which is not implemented as a pitch accent or a tune. However, the intonation of the focus is implemented as a tune in the neutral focus (Fn) and as a pitch accent or a tune in the informational focus (Fi) and the contrastive focus (Fe). In our discussion and conclusion, we suggest that it is not always true that for the meaning of contrast, the topic or the focus is represented as a $L+H^{\ast}$ pitch accent, which has been the main contrastive intonation from earlier studies.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.77-89
• /
• 2007

This paper examined the intonation contours of English sentences produced by the Korean students. Thirty students participated in the speaking tasks made up of three parts: an oral interview, picture description and a conversational text reading. Their pronunciations in the parts were recorded on a minidisk. Then, two native instructors evaluated their proficiency level focusing on general intelligibility and suprasegmental aspects of the speech. Based on the results of evaluation they were divided into two groups: high and low proficiency groups. The pitch contours of three sentences produced by both the Korean students and a native speaker were compared to find any similarities and differences in the students' intonation patterns using Praat. Results showed that there was a moderate correlation in the proficiency scores of the students by the two native speakers. Secondly, students who earned high scores in the proficiency level matched better the native model. Thirdly, the high group students knew more on the pitch contour and tried to carefully realize them while fewer students in the low group answered positively on the questionnaire. In conclusion, English learners need to know the proper intonation patterns and to practice them consciously and sufficiently to realize correct intonation contours. Further studies would be desirable on the students' pronunciation focused on discourse structure.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• autumn
• /
• pp.387-390
• /
• 1999

This study Is on the experimental explanation of Intonation of news sentences with focus on the Korean noun phrase, pronounced by announcers. For this, with a basic form as $'{\_}case particle\;+\;{\_}adnominal ending\;+\;Noun'$ which is a common structure in these sentences, we classified NPs according to the added constituents and examined their intonation. And with examining the connection or the breaking of intonation patterns, we described the relation between neighbouring words which build 'a rhythmic unit'.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.41
• /
• pp.83-96
• /
• 2001

It is generally said that falling intonation is used at the end of a declarative sentence. However, this is not the case with all stretches of spontaneous speech which are marked in transcription as sentences. The present paper examines intonation patterns appearing at the end of declarative sentences in oral presentations, and discusses instances where falling intonation does not appear. The texts used for analysis are eight oral presentations collected at international conferences in the field of physics. Quantitative and qualitative analyses are carried out. Three major factors related to discourse structure have been found for non-occurrence of falling intonation at sentence boundaries.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.149-164
• /
• 2000

It is generally said that falling intonation is used at the end of a declarative sentence. However, this is not the case with all stretches of spontaneous speech which are marked in transcription as sentences. The present paper examines intonation patterns appearing at the end of declarative sentences in oral presentations, and discusses instances where falling intonation does not appear. The texts used for analysis are eight oral presentations collected at international conferences in the field of physics. Quantitative and qualitative analyses are carried out. Three major factors related to discourse structure have been found for nonoccurrence of falling intonation at sentence boundaries.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.119-132
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the intonation of Korean speakers in English sentence adverbials. The intonation of English sentence adverbials is realized by its syntactic and semantic meaning. Many Korean speakers realize falling or stylized high-rising intonation instead of fall-rising in attitudinal adverbials. In addition, Korean students don't realize deaccenting in likelihood adverbials. These results suggest that the intonation patterns in current English textbooks are not sufficient for English intonation education at school.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• spring
• /
• pp.119-122
• /
• 2000

In this paper, we implement an elementary system to correct accent, pronunciation, and intonation in English spoken by non-native English speakers. In case of the accent evaluation, energy and pitch information are used to find stressed syllables, and then we extract the segment information of input patterns using a dynamic time warping method to discriminate and evaluate accent position. For the pronunciation evaluation. we utilize the segment information using the same algorithm as in accent evaluation and calculate the spectral distance measure for each phoneme between input and reference. For the intonation evaluation. we propose nine pattern of slope to estimate pitch contour, then we grade test sentences by accumulated error obtained by the distance measure and estimated slope. Our result shows that 98 percent of accent and 71 percent of pronunciation evaluation agree with perceptual measure. As the result of the intonation evaluation. system represent the similar order of grade for the four sentences having different intonation patterns compared with perceptual evaluation.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the intonation patterns of accentual phrase in Jeju dialect. 9 speakers (Experiment 1) and 6 speakers (Experiment 2) read a carrier sentence '__ youngah miwonghumnida' with a target accentual phrase varying its number of syllables from 1 to 8. The results showed that like Seoul dialect pattern could be the basic pattern of accentual phase in Jeju dialect even though several differences were observed in the realization of each tone: Flat staircase-like tones in L, M, and even in H were often observed, and a very small difference in F0 between intial L and +H was found in many speakers. For some of these differences, this paper tried to give an explanation still in the Intonational Phonology framework. However, introducing M tone as a lexical tone was also suggested as one possible solution. Finally, unlike Seoul dialect, most speakers showed pattern in an accentual phrase beginning with a strong consonant, i.e., aspirated and unaspirated obstruents including /h/ and /s/.