• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.494-499
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• 1993

The morphological and histochemical observation of the lectin binding to intestine in vivo or in vitro was investigated. Our finding demonstrates the validity of semi-quantitative estimates of lectin binding to mouse intestine. The fluorescence patterns obtained after treatment of intestine sections with FITC-conjugated lectin revealed that Kintoki bean lectin (KBL) and Taro tuber lectin (TTL) were localized on the cell membrane, especially the top and upper sites of the villi and showed that KBL was more strongly located than TTL under various conditions. In the reverted intestine of mice fed lectin, the villi were considerably disordered and conspicuously disrupted.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to investigate the changes in quality of pork organs such as the meat of large intestine, small intestine and liver during frozen storage at -18$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$. The result obtained were as follows ; 1 The moisture contents in the meat of large intestine, small intestine and liver was 61.1%, 65.1% and 71.3% and the content of crude fat was 27.1%, 21.5% and 5.0% respectively, 2. Weight loss increased In the course of storage period, and liver showed the least weight loss in them. 3. Total lipid in the meat of large intestine, small intestine and liver was 24.4%, 19.2% and 4.3% respectively, and which decreased gradually in the course of storage period. 4. The content of volatile basic nitrogen in raw meat was 20 mg% within and without before storage treatment, and that of the value was 24.2 mg% within after 3 weeks storage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.217-226
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to identify central neural pathway of neurons following the projection to the large intestine and Hapgok(LI4) which is Won acupoint of the large intestine meridian of hand-yangmyeong. In this experiment, Bartha's strain of pseudorabies virus was used to trace central localization of neurons related with large intestine and acupoint(LI4) which has been known to be able to regulate intestinal function. The animals were divided into 3 groups: group 1, injected into the large intestine; group 2, injected into the acupoint(LI4); group 3, injected into the acupoint(LI4) after severing the radial, ulnar, median nerve. After four days survival of rats, PRV labeled neurons were identified in the spinal cord and brain by immunohistochemical method. First-order PRV labeled neurons following the projection to large intestine, acupoint(LI4) and acupoint(LI4) after cutting nerve were found in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord. Commonly labeled neurons were labeled in the lumbosacral spinal cord and thoracic spinal cord. They were found in lamina V- X, intermediomedial nucleus and dorsal column area. The area of sensory neurons projecting was L5-S2 spinal ganglia and T12-L1 spinal ganglia, respectively. In the brainstem, the neurons were labeled most evidently and consistently in the nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), C3 adrenalin cells, parapyramidal area(lateral paragigantocellular nucleus), locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus nucleus, A5 cell group, periaqueductal gray matter. In the diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence. These results suggest that overlapped CNS locations are related with autonomic nuclei which regulate the functions of large intestine-related organs and it was revealed by tracing PRV labeled neurons projecting large intestine and related acupoint(LI4).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1129-1136
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• 2005

The writer reports the conclusions gained from study about the cause of the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome with Dongeuibogam as the central figure through researching the disharmony among Body Essence, Vital Energy, Mentality, and Blood, mutual action of five viscera and six bowels, and external shapes. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome is generally chronic and recurred in many cases, so it is more efficacious than symptomatic to treat according to find the contradictions of individual shapes. The shapes and cases suffering frequently the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are Gi-kwa and Sin-kwa, having a long nose, having a bruised spot on Triple warmer, man with inclined mouth, Taeeum type, man with congested fluids, man with colic symptoms. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome in Oriental medicine is recognized of diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and fullness caused by seven emotions. In Dongeuibogam it can be found out the similarity in depressive symptoms due to disorder of Gi, stagnation of Gi, dysphasia due to disorder of Gi, diarrhea due to disorder of Gi, fullness of due to Gi, diarrhea due to phlegm-retention, retention of undigested food, immoderate drinking, hypo-function of the spleen, or deficiency, abdominal pain from colic symptom, and difficulty in defecation and urination, internal injury, diarrhea due to weakness and fatigue. If the Jung, Gi, Sin, and Hyul composed the human body is broken harmony, the function of large intestinal transmission would be fallen, so similar symptoms like the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are gotten. Especially Gi-kwa suffers diarrhea, constipation abdominal pain, and abdominal distention and fullness due to depressive symptoms from disorder of Seven emotions or Seven Gi. And Sin-kwa suffers from the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome due to emotional restlessness having an influence on rhythmic movement of abdomen. Examining between five viscera and six bowels and the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome, Liver cannot disperse well having influence on mutual relation of Liver-Large intestine, Heart reduces the function of defecation and urination not to control the seven emotions, Lung having exterior and interior relation with intestine has an influence on primordial energy and let the main symptoms occur, Spleen circulating the body fluid let the main symptoms occur due to malfunction of circulation, Kidney locating in lower part of the body has deep connection with intestine, so let the disorder. Urinary bladder is connected with intestine in moisture metabolism, Stomach is connected in receive and transmission, Small intestine is connected in absorption and excretion, from small intestine pain disturbing the abdominal movement, Samcho managing the catharsis of lower heater if declined its function causes the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The colic symptoms of Front private parts which disorder in lower abdomen give rise to abdominal pains, difficulty in defecation and urination due to Cold are similar to the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The treatments of applying the shapes of colic syndrome advocated by Master Park can be efficacious cure in clinic. Researching after the clinical cases of Master Park advocating Hyungsang medicine, we came to know that plenty of prescriptions of internal injury are applied and take good effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1669-1674
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• 2007

The conventional histochemical stains were used to study the properties of mucosubstances of the intestine in four teleostean species, i. e., Agramus agramus, Inimicus japonicus, Epinephelus chlorostigma, and Helicolenus dactylopterus, all belonging to the order Perciformes. The following methods were used; periodic acid Schiff (PAS), alcian blue (AB) pH at 2.5, AB pH at 1.0, AB pH at 2.5-PAS, and aldehyde fuchsin (AF) pH at 1.7-AB pH at 2.5 stain. The mucosal folds of intestines show differences in species and regions. Widely distributed in all portions studied, goblet cells situated between cylinderical epithelial cells are round or ovoid in shape. They were most densely distributed in distal intestine. In the middle and. distal intestine of Epinephelus chlorostigma and all regions of intestines of Agramus agramus, Inimicus japonicus, and Helicolenus dactylopterus, the presence of both acidic and neutral mucin was confirmed. The property of acidic mucosubstance was sialomucin. Neutral mucin was only encountered in the proximal intestine of Epinephelus chlorostigma. The amount and property of mucin showed differences in species and regions. In the distal intestine of Inimicus japonicus, the amount of acidic mucin is similar to that of neutral mucin. In all regions of intestine of Agramus agramus, proximal and middle intestine of lnimicus japonicus, middle and distal intestine of Epinephelus chlorostigma, and distal intestine of Helicolenus dactylopterus, acidic mucin occured more frequently than neutral mucin. The proximal and middle intestine of Helicolenus dactylopterus have more neutral mucin than acidic mucin.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 1972

Korean rheum (Rheum undulatum Linne) as one of the botanical crude drugs which belong to polygonaceae family has been extensively applied in Chinese medicine during the last decades. It has been particularly used in cathartic and gastric tonic among the folk remedies. There are, however, a few reports with regard to the pharmacological effects on the motility of intestines of several animals. The authors hereby paid attention to this point of view and made experiment to examine the relationship between the alcohol extract of Korean rhei rhizoma and the motility of the isolated rabbit intestine, making the use of several drugs related to the motility of intestine such as acetylcholine, pilocarpine, atropine, papaverine, serotonin, and barium chloride. The movement of the isolated rabbit intestine in Tyrode's solution was recorded with the electric kymograph according to the Magnus method. The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. The motility of the isolated rabbit intestine represents the tendency of gradual dilatation in proportion to the concentration of R-A $10^{-4}$, $5{\times}10^{-4}$, and $10^{-3}$. 2. R-A $5{\times}10^{-4}$ does not seem to have the significant effect with acetylcholine, pilocarpine and atropine on motility of the isolated rabbit intestine strip. 3. R-A $5{\times}10^{-4}$ significantly blocks the contractile effect caused by serotonin $10^{-6}$ on motility of the isolated rabbit intestine strip. 4. R-A $5{\times}10^{-4}$ significantly blocks the contractile effect caused by barium chloride $10^{-4}$ on motility of the isolated rabbit intestine strip. 5. R-A $5{\times}10^{-4}$ significantly synergizes the dilatative effect caused by papaverine $10^{-6}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.363-371
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• 1984

The content of total lipid, cholesterol and fatty acid in Korean styled various beef broths was examined before and during toiling to determine the influence of cooking time. The values obtained from the broths of brisket, ox-tail and small-intestine were determined by using G. C. The highest total lipid value among small-intestine, brisket and ok-tail was in the small-intestine. The content of total lipid in the boiled meat decreased during cooking with the exception of the brisket. Total lipid content found in the broth of brisket meat increased until 6hr and thell decreased at cooking time of 8hr and 10 hr. The highest total lipid contents in the broths of brisket, ox-tail and small-intestine were found when the cooking time were 6 hr, 10 hr and 4 hr, respectively. The main fatty acids found in the broths of brisket, ok-tail and small-intestine were $C_{14}$, $C_{16}$, $C_{18}$, $C_{18:1}$, and $C_{18:1}$. The content of $C_{18:1}$ and $C_{18:2}$ from the brisket meat increased until 4hr's cooking, especially $C_{18:2}$ increased significantly until 6 hr cooking. The highest ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid (UNS/S) in the meat of brisket and ox-tail were found in the 2hr and 4hr cooking, respectively. The ratios of UNS/S in the broths of both of brisket and small-intestine, and ok-tail were highest in the 4 hr and 2 hr cooking, respectively. The content of total cholesterol (TC) was the highest in the small-intestine and the highest percentage of ester cholesterol was 5.4 in the brisket. The content of TC in small-intestine, brisket and ox-tail was decreased significantly after 2 hr cooking. Precentage of the ester in the brisket was the highest when the cooking time was 8 hr. Only trace amount of total cholesterol was found in the broth.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.7-18
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find parameters to compare the effects of Sa-Am acupuncture with large intestine tonifying and sedating on radial pulse in healthy subjects. Methods : Sixty healthy subjects participated in this study, divided into large intestine tonifying acupuncture group, large intestine sedating acupuncture group and control group. Radial pulse was measured by 3 dimensional pulse imaging system(DMP-3000) before, right after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after acupuncture at Cun, Guan, and Chi in the acupuncture group and in the control group at the same time points. Results : 1. Angle of main peak and magnitude of fourier component significantly changed by integrated analysis of Cun, Guan and Chi. 2. Amplitude of H1, Pulse Power volume / min, elasticity, AIx / HR, Frequency and magnitude of fourier component significantly changed by analysis of Cun, Guan, and Chi. Conclusions : The effect of Sa-Am acupuncture with large intestine tonifying and sedating in healthy human may be observed on time, amplitude, pulse area, augmentation index and fourier components parameters. The parameters analysed in this study may be used to differentiate the effects between Sa-Am acupuncture with large intestine tonifying and sedating on radial pulse. Further studies on the effects of Sa-Am acupuncture using radial pulse are needed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 1971

The comparative studies were made on Salicylamide, used individually and compounded with antihistaminics as regards. (1) the absorption rate through isolated rat small intestine (in vitro) (2) the absorption rate through rat small intestine (in vivo), and the following effects were found. 1. The Absorption velosity of 2 m Mole gm. of salicylamide in the small intestine were decreased, when the agents compounded with tripelennamine indicating the greatest absorption inhibition in the case of m Mole gm. of tripelennamine. 2. The Absorption velosity of 2m Mole gm. of salicylamide in the small intestine were decreased, when the agents compounded with diphenhydramine indicating the greatest absorption inhibition in the case of 2m Mole gm. of diphenhydramine. 3. The Absorption velosity of 2m Mole gm. of salicylamide in the small intestine were increased, when the agents compounded with chlorpheniramine indicating the greatest absorption augmentation in the case of 0.2m Mole gm. of chlorpheniramine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2006

Objectives & Methods : This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of the cervical lymph node in the application of large intestine tonification of Sa-Am acupuncture. Results & Conclusions : Cervical lymph node appeared in 76% of the cases for which large intestine tonifying Sa-am acupuncture was used in ${\ulcorner}$Sa-Am-Do-In-Chim-Gu-Yo-Kyul(舍岩道人鍼灸要訣)${\urcorner}$. We suggest that cervical lymph node can be used as an important diagnostic point for the application of large intestine tonification of Sa-Am acupuncture.