• 생약학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 1993

We have concerned the action of traditional herbal medicine (THM) to relate with longevity, aging and immune, etc. Espically, we have studied on the role of intestinal bacteria on THM such as Nokyongdaebo-Tang, Bojungikgi-Tang, Ikgibohyul-Tang, Bobyulansin-Tang and Bojanggunbi-Tang. Samples of the p.o. administration of 2 g/kg for 2 weeks did not find the change transaminase activities in mice. But, Nokyongdaebo-Tang and Bojanggunbi-Tang elevated the serum glucose levels and Bojungikgi-Tang elevated the total cholesterol levels in mice. ${\beta}-Glucuronidase$ activities in mice faeces are decreased by the treatment of Nokyongdaebo-Tang, Bojungikgi-Tang, Ikgibohyul-Tang and Bojanggunbi-Tang, but increased by the treatment of Bohyulansin-Tang. Number of lactic acid bacteria in mice faeces are increased by the treatment of Nokyongdaebo-Tang, Bojungikgi-Tang, lkgibohyul-Tang, Bohyulansin-Tang and Bojanggunbi-Tang. We recognized that ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ activities and the number of lactic acid bacteria were remarkably decreased by the pretreatment of antibiotics in mice. Nokyongdaebo-Tang and Ikgibohyul-Tang at the p.o. administration of 2 g/kg significantly increased the ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ activities and Bojungikgi-Tang and Bohyulansin-Tang remarkably increased the number of lactic acid bacteria in antibiotics pretreated mice.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2017

Probiotics may be defined as microbial agents that can benefit humans and have been used primarily by mankind in fermented foods. A representative of probiotics is lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which has received attention recently due to its perceived health benefits. We reviewed research papers about Bifidobacerium and Lactobacillus, which are two of the most known of the LAB. Bifidobacerium alleviates diarrhea from various causes by improving intestinal microflora, and it has been reported that it reduces Helicobacter pylori bacteria known as the cause of gastric ulcer and stomach cancer. Bifidobacerium has also reported to be effective on immunization and allergy, reduce blood cholesterol, cancer, lactose intolerance. Lactobacillus alleviates diarrhea but has not fully demonstrated its effectiveness relative to other health issues. Several lactic acid bacteria and yeast are expected to act as probiotics, so, in the future, more research on the health benefits of lactic acid bacteria is needed.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Probiotic bacteria have been administered to neonates to serve as maturational stimuli for the developing gut and intestinal immune system, establish and develop the intestinal microbiota, and mediate host-microbe interactions; further, these bacteria have shown beneficial effects In the treatment and reduction of the risk of infectious diseases, necrotizing enterocolitis, and atopic disease. An LAB isolation project to identify effective lactic acid bacteria for Korean people is in progress. The average total counts of lactic acid bacteria, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and coliforms in the fecal samples from 2 provinces were estimated as 8.31, 5.98, 8.13, and 3.01 CFU/g. Additional samples from other provinces will be analyzed to examine the changes in the lactic bacterial counts according to the area, sex of the neonate, mode of delivery, and type of feeding. A database containing the 16S rDNA sequences and the ribosomal protein profile of all the lactic acid bacteria isolated from fecal samples will be constructed. For the effective use of probiotics, a number of clinical studies are needed to formulate guidelines for strain, subject, purpose, and dose.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.675-690
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• 2007

Bacteriocins in Gram-positive bacteria have attracted much attention because many have a strong antimicrobial activity also against bacteria outside the genera of the producers. Lantibiotics and the pediocin-like bactericins have attracted most attention since they kill a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria including important pathogens. But many other promising Gram-positive bacteriocins have been thoroughly characterized. Recent studies have shown that bacteriocins may playa role in the intestinal flora to protect us against the food-borne pathogens. Bacterial genome sequencing has demonstrated that there may be an arsenal of such compounds and we are only seeing the top of the iceberg. The present review gives a short outlook of the field of bacteriocins with focus on lactic acid bacteria and includes recent findings.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2013

Emerging studies suggest that vegetables or fruit juices deemed to be potential alternative base medium for lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Until now, limited studies have been carried out to evaluate such applications. Thus, the objective of present study is that lactic acid bacteria were evaluated for their viability at low pH, growth during storage at low temperature, and $CO_2$ formation. Furthermore, the effects of grapefruit extract with respect to cell viability, sensory ability, and organic acid production were evaluated for these strains. The probiotic properties of the strains, including acid tolerance, bile tolerance, and adhesion to human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29 cells), prebiotic characteristics, and safety features were examined. All strains survived in MRS medium broth adjusted to pH 3.8, at $10^{\circ}C$ for 6 days, and did not produce $CO_2$ to check post fermentation. The medium of grapefruit extract fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum CJIH 203 resulted in maximal viable counts, compared with other strains, and the extract subsequently tasted sour due to the presence of lactic acid. Lactobacillus plantarum CJIH203 was highly resistant to artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice, while Lactococcus lactis SJ09 strongly adhered to HT-29 cells. Tagatose showed the greatest ability to enhance the growth of L. plantarum SJ21, relative to the other strains. All strains were verified by safety tests such as hemolysis, gelatin hydration, and urea degradation. Therefore, these strains could be promising candidates for use in reducing excessive post-fermentation and functional products.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.912-918
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• 2002

In nature, two different types of fructose polymers (fructan) are generally found in dietary fibers; these are the fructose homopolymers levan, which is of high molecular weight and is $\beta$-(2,6)-linked, and inulin, which is of low molecular weight and is $\beta$-(2,1)-linked. The effects of levan and inulin on the intestinal physiology of rats were compared. Sprague Dawley rats were fed one of three diets for 3 weeks: a control diet, a basal diet containing 7% of levan, and a basal diet containing 7% of inulin. Cecal enlargement, together with the lowering of cecal pH, occurred in rats fed on the levan and inulin diets (p < 0.05). The levan and inulin diets resulted in a two-fold increase in the amount of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum, when compared to the control diet. The number of total microbes and of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the feces were higher in rats fed the fructan diets than those in rats fed control diet (p < 0.05). The levan diet also significantly increased the cecal $\alpha$-galactosidase activity by 3.8-fold, when compared to the control diet, indicating that levan stimulated the growth of Bifidobacteria in the cecum. These results show that the intake of levan and inulin stimulated the growth of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the cecum and thereby improved intestinal conditions in rats. (Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 912~918,2002)

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2001

In recent years, colon cancer has been reported to be one of the most important causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in Korea. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used to ferment dairy products inhibits colon carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to determine whether the colon cancer inhibitory effect of LAB (Bifidobacterium longum Hy8001; Bif and Lactobacillus acidophilus HY2l04; Lac) of Korean origin, is associated with intestinal microflora composition and certain enzyme activity in rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). At five weeks of age, SD rats were divided at random into four (AOM alone, Bif, Lac, and Bif+Lac) groups. Oral administration of lactic acid bacteria cultures were performed daily until the termination of the study. Two weeks later all animals were given a subcutaneous injection of AOM dissolved in normal saline at a dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight once weekly for 2 weeks. Every two weeks for 10 weeks, five of the rats in each group were randomly chosen for fecal specimen collection. The fecal specimens were used for assay of $\beta$-glucuronidase and nitroreductase, and analysis of intestinal microflora composition. The activity of $\beta$-glucuronidase which plays an important role in the production of the carcinogenic metabolite of azoxymethane was remarkably increased in the AOM alone group after AOM injection and maintained the high level during the experiment. However, LAB inhibited the AOM-induced increase in $\beta$-glucuronidase activity. Nitroreductase activity decreased by 30-40% in LAB treated groups in comparison with that of the AOM alone group. The results of the present study suggest that LAB inhibits colon carcinogenesis by modulating the metabolic activity of intestinal micro-flora and improving the composition of intestinal microflora.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.943-951
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 사과, 배, 무 등 8종 과채류를 절단하고 열수추출물과 과채류 증숙열수추출물을 제조하고 실험기질로 사용하였다. 실험기질에 홍삼추출물 1%(W/V)와 유산균발효 추출물에 유산균 8종 혼합스타터를 첨가하여 발효한 결과, ginsenosides의 패턴과 함량은 과채류 추출물군과 증숙 처리군에서는 거의 변화가 없었다. 그러나 유산균 발효군에서는 발효과정과 처리에 따라 TLC 패턴이 변하여 Rg₃(S) 및 Rg₅으로 전환되는 진세노사이드 함량이 증가하였다. 4종의 과채류추출물 모두에서 유산균 수(cfu)의 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 유산균 CFU의 수는 과채류 추출물의 4가지 발효군에서 약간 감소하였으나 유익균의 생장 억제 효과는 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 3가지 유해균의 증식억제 효과는 4가지 과채추출물에서 대장균과 슈도모나스의 증식에 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러나 살모넬라균의 증식은 억제되었으며, 이는 과채류 증숙 열수추출물 및 홍삼추출물 첨가 여부에 관계없이 과채류 추출물의 생장억제효과로 확인되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2007

Bifidobacteria are probiotic organisms that provide both flavor and health benefits when incorporated as live cultures into commercial dairy products. Because bifidobacteria are very sensitive to environmental conditions (acids, temperature, oxygen, bile salts, the presence of other cultures, etc.), their viability in human gastrointestinal tract is limited. The microencapsulation of bifidobacteria is a process to protect them against harsh environmental conditions, thereby increasing their viability while passing through human gastrointestinal tract. To confirm the survival rate of microencapsulated Bifidobacterium breve CBG-C2 in milk, their survival rate was compared with several kinds of free bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in commercial yogurt products under simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions. Double-microencapsulation of the bacteria was employed to increase the survival rate during digestion. The outer layer was covered with starch and gelatin to endure gastric conditions, and the inner layer was composed of a hard oil for the upper small intestinal regions. Almost all microencapsulted bifidobacteria in the milk survived longer than the free bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the commericial yogurt products under the simulated gastric conditions. Numbers of surviving free bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the commercial products were significantly reduced, however, the viability of the microencapsulated bificobacteria in the milk remained quite stable under gastric and small intestine conditions over 3$\sim$6 hrs. Thus double-microencapsualtion of bifidobacteria in milk is a promising method for improving the survival of bifidobacteria during the digestive process.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.935-941
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 과채류 복합추출물에 소량의 홍삼을 첨가하여 증숙가열 및 유산균 발효에 의한 진세노사이드 대사산물의 활성 증가와 장내면역 활성이 현저히 개선되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 홍삼 단독 추출물 또는 과채류복합추출물에 비해 홍삼을 함유한 과채류 복합추출물에서 시너지 효과에 의한 장내면역 활성의 증가가 관찰됨을 확인하였다. 다음으로 홍삼을 함량별로 첨가하여 유산균 발효에 따른 시너지 효과를 얻을 수 있는 홍삼의 농도를 결정하였다. 그 결과, 홍삼을 과채류 혼합물 질량에 대하여 3~10%의 질량비로 혼합하여 증숙 및 유산균 발효 추출하였을 때 시너지 효과가 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 홍삼을 함유한 과채류 복합추출물은 200㎍/ml의 농도로 처리하였을 때 홍삼이 함유되지 않은 과채류 복합추출물에 비해 NO 생성을 약 60% 억제하였으며, IL-1β의 발현은 63%, IL-6의 발현 69%, TNF-α의 발현 76% 수준으로 억제하여 장내면역 활성이 크게 향상되었음을 확인하였다.