• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.362-368
• /
• 2012

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is an intestinal commensal bacterium implicated as a risk factor for colon cancer. The key virulence factor is a secreted toxin called B. fragilis toxin (BFT). In this study we used an in vitro bioassay to examine the prevalence of ETBF in colonic washings from patients with colorectal polyps and normal control patients. We found that 9.3% of polyp patients and 10.9% of non-polyp patients harbored ETBF, respectively. A total of nine ETBF clinical isolates were isolated and confirmed to be positive for the BFT gene by PCR analysis and the ability to induce IL-8 secretion in the colonic epithelial cell line HT29/c1. Two of the ETBF clinical strains were characterized further in vitro and in vivo. We found that the two ETBF clinical isolates induced E-cadherin cleavage in HT29/c1 cells and promoted colonic inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. Our results indicate that the prevalence of ETBF in polyp patients were similar in non-polyp patients suggesting that ETBF carriage does not positively correlate to polyp incidence.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.287-299
• /
• 2011

Pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng have been demonstrated in cardiovascular system, endocrine secretion and immune system, together with antitumor, anti-stress and anti-oxidant activities. Modern scientific data show protective effect of ginseng against bone marrow cell death, increased survival rate of experimental animals, recovery of hematopoietic injury, immunopotentiation, reduction of damaged intestinal epithelial cells, inhibition of mutagenesis and effective protection against testicular damages, caused by radiation exposure. And also, ginseng acts in indirect fashion to protect radical processes by inhibition of initiation of free radical processes and thus reduces the radiation damages. The research has made much progress, but still insufficient to fully uncover the action mechanism of ginseng components on the molecule level. This review provides the usefulness of natural product, showing no toxic effects, as an radioprotective agent. Furthermore, the further clinical trials on radioprotection of ginseng need to be highly done to clarify its scientific application. The effective components of ginseng has been known as ginsenosides. Considering that each of these ginsenosides has pharmacological effect, it seems likely that non-saponin components might have radioprotective effects superior to those of ginsenosides, suggesting its active ingredients to be non-saponin series. These results also show that the combined effects of saponin and non-saponin components play an important role in the radioprotective effects of ginseng.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.383-391
• /
• 2001

목적 : 본 연구는 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)이 인간의 장관상피세포 계열인 Caco-2 세포에서 항산화작용을 증진시키는 효과가 있는지 검증하기 위한 실험이다. 방법 : 배양된 인간장관 세포계열인 Caco-2 세포에서 세포의 사망은 trypan blue의 소실정도에 의해 평가했으며 $H_2O_2$는 표본산화제로 사용되었다. 결과 : $H_2O_2$에서 노출된 세포들은 용량에 비례하여 세포 사망하는 결과를 보였다. 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)은 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발된 세포사망을 방지하였고, 0.05-1%의 농도범위에 걸쳐서 효과가 극대화되었다. 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)과 강력한 항산화제인 DPPD는 $H_2O_2$에 의해 억제된 SOD의 활성에는 영향을 주지는 못했다. 그러나 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발된 catalase, glutathione peroxidase, hydroperoxide 탈취효소의 활성이 감소되는 것을 억제하였다. 또한 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발된 glutathione의 감소는 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)과 DPPD에 의해 억제되었다. 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)은 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발된 ATP의 소실을 회복시켰지만 DPPD는 ATP 소실을 회복시키지 못하였다. 결론 : 이러한 결과로 볼 때 Caco-2세포에서 목향순기탕이 세포사망을 억제하는 것은 다른 기전을 통하여 항산화작용을 하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 목향순기탕(木香順氣湯)이 반응성산소기에 의해 유발된 인체 위장관질환의 치료에 사용할 수 있을 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2011

In order to get a better understanding of the role of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in type 2 helper T (Th2) cell responses against Trichinella spiralis infection, we analyzed Th2 responses in T. spiralis-infected PAR2 knockout (KO) mice. The levels of the Th2 cell-secreted cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were markedly reduced in the PAR2 KO mice as compared to the wild type mice following infection with T. spiralis. The serum levels of parasite-specific IgE increased significantly in the wild type mice as the result of T. spiralis infection, but this level was not significantly increased in PAR2 KO mice. The expression level of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25, and eotaxin gene (the genes were recently known as Th2 response initiators) of mouse intestinal epithelial cells were increased as the result of treatment with T. spiralis excretory-secretory proteins. However, the expression of these chemokine genes was inhibited by protease inhibitor treatments. In conclusion, PAR2 might involve in Th2 responses against T. spiralis infection.

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 1987

Colonization factor antigen I(CFA I) has been shown to be one of several virulence factors that promote attachment of enterotoxigenic E. coli(ETEC) to small intestinal epithelial cells of humans. The ability of ETEC to produce mannose-resistant hemagglutination(MRHA) of human blood group A has been used to detect CFA I. To determine gastrointestinal carriage in Korean children of E. coli with MRHA and CFA I, 116 strains of E. coli from diarrheal children admitted to Hanyang University Hospital were examined for MRHA of human erythrocytes and the presence of CFA I. Of 45 ETEC strains, 18(40%) gave a positive MRHA($MRHA^+$) and eight(18%) were positive for CFA I(CFA $I^+$). ETEC with CFA I were all heat-stable enterotoxin(ST) producers and two of these strains were of serogroups $O_{25}$. Of 17 classic enteropathogenic E. coli(EPEC), 7(41%) were $MRHA^+$ but all were negative for CFA I(CFA $I^-$). Of 30 enteroadherent E. coli(EAEC) strains, 11(37%) were $MRHA^+$ and one was CFA $I^+$. Of 24 nonpathogenic E. coli, 4(17%) were $MRHA^+$ but all were CFA $I^-$. It was shown that MRHA was common in all strains of E. coli, CFA I was limited only to ST producing ETEC and EAEC; although MRHA is a useful screening procedure, serologic tests seem to be necessary to comfirm CFA I production. CFA I was associated with a lower proportion of ETEC isolates in Korea than has been reported for other locations.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.1535-1544
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 3년 이상 숙성된 재래식 된장으로부터 아민 산화 효소를 생산하는 프로바이오틱 바실러스균을 분리 동정하는 것이다. 시료로부터 분리된 바이오제닉 아민(biogenic amines, BA) 생성균은 Bacillus sp. TS09, Bacillus licheniformis TS17, Bacillus subtilis TS19, Bacillus cereus TS23, Bacillus sp. TS30, Bacillus megaterium TS31, B. subtilis TS44, Bacillus coagulans TS46 및 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TS59 등으로 동정되었다. 한편 동일한 시료로부터 분리된 B. subtilis TS04와 TS50은 인공 위액 및 담즙액에 대한 저항성, 장내 상피세포에 대한 부착능 및 BA 생성균(Bacillus sp. TS30 및 B. subtilis TS44)에 대한 박테리오신 생산 등의 프로바이오틱 활성을 나타내었다. 게다가 B. subtilis TS04와 TS50 균주가 생산한 아민 산화 효소에 의하여 카다베린, 푸트레신 및 티라민의 생성량을 감소시킬 수 있었으므로 이들은 BA 중독 위험을 낮출 수 있는 프로바이오틱스 소재로서의 활용 가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.373-380
• /
• 2011

We have reported that a 24 kDa protein (22U homologous; As22U) of Anisakis simplex larvae could elicit several Th2-related chemokine gene expressions in the intestinal epithelial cell line which means that As22U may play a role as an allergen. In order to determine the contribution of As22U to allergic reactions, we treated mice with 6 times intra-nasal application of recombinant As22U (rAs22U). In the group challenged with rAs22U and ovalbumin (OVA), the number of eosinophils in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly increased, as compared to the group receiving only OVA. In addition, mice treated with rAs22U and OVA showed significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness. Thus, severe inflammation around the airway and immune cell recruitment was observed in mice treated with rAs22U plus OVA. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 cytokines in the BALF increased significantly after treatment with rAs22U and OVA. Similarly, the levels of anti-OVA specific lgE and lgG1 increased in mice treated with rAs22U and OVA, compared to those treated only with OVA. The Gro-${\alpha}$ (CXCL1) gene expression in mouse lung epithelial cells increased instantly after treatment with rAs22U, and allergy-specific chemokines eotaxin (CCL11) and thymus-and-activation-regulated-chemokine (CCL17) gene expressions significantly increased at 6 hr after treatment. In conclusion, rAs22U may induce airway allergic inflammation, as the result of enhanced Th2 and Th17 responses.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of growth hormone(GH) on the division and migration of the small intestinal epithelium in mice. Twenty mice(ICR), weighing initially about 10 g, aged 18 days were randomly subdivided in two groups of control and GH-treated group. Control group was sacrificied at 2 hr, 2, 3, 4 and 5 day after intraperitoneal injection of $^3H$-thymidine($^3H$-TdR, $4{\mu}$ Ci/gm of BW/day for 2 days). GH-treated group was injected subcutaneously with somatotropin(10 IU/mouse/day for 4 days) from 2 day ago of first $^3H$-TdR injection and then was sacrificied at 2 hr, 2, 3, 4 and 5 day after intraperitoneal injection of $^3H$-TdR($4{\mu}$ Ci/g of BW/day for 2 days). The small intestines were collected for autoradiogrophy and Hematoxylin counterstain. The location of the labeled epithelial cells(LEC) in villi of the small intestine was invested with light microscope. 1. In the control group, the LEC regions in the small intestine were located at crypts on 1 dsy, at $0%{\sim}15.9{\pm}3.6%$ of villus high value(VHV) on 2 day, at $0%{\sim}49.8{\pm}16.5%$ of VHV on 3 day, at $0%{\sim}95.3{\pm}6.9%$ of VHV on 4 day and $62.9{\pm}16.7{\sim}100%$ of VHV on 5 day, respectively. 2. In the GH-treated group, the LEC regions in the small intestine were located at crypts on 1 day, at $0%{\sim}39.2{\pm}9.5%$ of VHV on 2 day, at $0%{\sim}81.5{\pm}18.2%$ of VHV on 3 day, at $45.2{\pm}11.5%{\sim}100%$ of VHV on 4 day, at 85%~100% of VHV on 5 day, respectively. 3. VHV of tops in the LEC regions appeared to be 23.3% and 31.7% higher on 2 and 3 day, and VHV of the LEC region bases appeared to be 45.2%, 22.1% higher on 4 and 5 day, respectively in the GH-treated group than those observed in the control group. These difference was very highly significant(p<0.01).

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.591-594
• /
• 2009

10 주령의 육계 종계가 급성으로 폐사 하였다. 치사율은 20 수/계사/일 이상 이었고 사육환경은 평사였다. 분변검사에서 맹장 및 장으로부터 기생충은 검출되지 않았으며, 부검 소견에서 장간막과 장조직의 유착을 동반한 섬유소성 염증이 관찰되었다. 또한, 맹장의 충 출혈을 동반한 종대, 확장 및 비후가 관찰되었으며, 맹장의 내강에서 염증성 삼출물에 의한 단단한 치즈양 core가 관찰되었다. 간의 육안소견에서는 원형의 융기된 괴사 반점이 관찰되었다. 광학 및 전자현미경을 통하여 전형적인 칠면조편모충이 간조직에서 관찰되었으나 장점막에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 한편, 본 예에서 흑두병을 매개하는 닭맹장충을 부검 및 생존한 닭에서 관찰할 수 없었으며 계사의 토양에서 지렁이를 전혀 관찰할 수 없었다. 따라서 본 증례는 닭에서 매개체 없이 칠면조편모충이 직접전파에 의해 감염된 사례로 판단된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.1549-1554
• /
• 2007

To verify the effects of JAUN-1, which is a water-extracted herbal mixture, on gastroenteric disorders induced by 0.1 percent of iodoacetamide (IA) in rats. We divided four groups, $Na{\&quot;{\i}}ve$ + Distilled Water (DW), 0.1% IA + DW, 0.1% IA + Proton pump inhibitor (Lansoprazole, 5 mg/kg) and 0.1% IA + Herbal mixture (JAUN-1, 50mg/kg) and performed following experimental methods to confirm its advantageous effects against ulcerogenic stomach in rats induced by 0.1% IA; cell cytotoxicity, analysis of lesions score, Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) stain, RT-PCR for ${\beta}-actin$, COX-1 and COX-2 and evaluation of intestinal prokinetic activity. No cytotoxicity was elucidated at the concentration of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ and 1mg/ml JAUN-1 through MTT Assay using by human stomach epithelial AGS cells, respectively. In addition, the JAUN-1 treated group and the lansoprazole treated group significantly decreased in lesions score compared to the DW treated group in the gastritis induced rat model, and results of immunohistochemistry by H&E staining showed that histological recovery in Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) and JAUN-1 treated groups rather than the DW administrated group. Another outcome was that ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-2 expression level was significantly promoted in the DW treated group while ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-1 expression level was no meaningful change in this rat model. Finally, intestinal prokinetic activity was recovered from low level of prokinetic activity due to 0.1% IA induced gastritis to the similar level of Normal group. These results suggested that JAUN-1 may have beneficial effects against 0.1% IA-induced gastritis rat model through decreasing lesions score, histological recovery, ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-1, 2 expression level and prokinetic activity.