• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to calculate the excavation volume of unequal interval grid using nonlinear boundary in eathwork volume determination for reclamation of the foreshore. A congruence area formula by first and third equation is compared with trapezoidal, simpson formulas to earthwork volume. And nonlinear spot level method of unequal interval grid is compared with linear and nonlinear spot level method of equal interval grid excavation volume. As a result algorithm of derived area and volume formula should provide a better accuracy than linear and nonlinear spot level currently in use. Practical application of each method to the excavation volume is illustrated by digital elevation model of aerial photogrammetry and model test of aquarium.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 1983

Intersection control has dual-purposes; increasing capacity and reducing delay. The primary concern of efficient intersection control under oversaturated condition as in Korea is to increase capacity. Prevailing intersection operation technique permits thru traffic to utilize left turn lane, because the intersection without left turn pocket has left turn signal interval. In this situation, it seems not to be valid to calculate capacity, delay, and signal timings by conventional methods. By critical lane technique, capacity increases as cycle length increases. However, when thru traffic utilize LT lane, the capacity varies according to LT volume, LT interval as well as cycle length, which implies that specific cycle length and LT interval exist to maximize capacity for given LT volume. The study is designed is designed to calculate utilization factors of LT lane for thru traffic and capacities, and identify signal timings to yield maximum capacity. The experimental design involved has 3 variables; 1)LT volumes at each approach(20-300 vph), 2)cycle lengths (60-220 sec), and 3)LT intervals(2.6-42 sec) for one scenario of isolated intersection crossing two 6-lanes streets. For LT volume of 50-150 vph, capacity calculated by using the utilization factor is about 25% higher than that by critical lane method. The range of optimum cycle length to yield maximum capapcity for LT volume less than 120 vph is 140-180 sec, and increases as LT volume increases. The optimum LT interval to yield maximum capacity is longer than the intrval necessary to accommodate LT volume at saturation flow rate.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 1981

A total 2,488 ejaculates during 4 years from 80 Korean native bulls over the age from 3 to 12 years of bull herds of Artificial Breeding Center, National Livestock Federatives Cooperation were collected and analyzed to study the effects of collection year, age of bulls, month of years, collection interval and ejaculation frequency per day on semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm per ejaculate and sperm motility. 1. Semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm per ejaculate and sperm motility index for the all ejaculates using least squares procedure averaged 5.73ml, 9.133${\times}$108/ml, 52.527${\times}$108 and 62.81, respectively. 2. Semen volume varied significantly with collection year, collection interval and ejaculation frequency per day(P<0.01), but effects of age of bulls and month of years on semen volume were not significant. Eight to 15 days collection interval showed the highest volume, and 1st ejaculate contained 5.6% more volume than 2nd ejaculate. 3. There were significant differences among collection years, months of years and ejeculation frequencies per day except collection intervals in sperm concentration per ml(P<0.05, P<0.01). Six to 8-year-old bulls was the highest concentration. Higher sperm concentration per ml was in April to July and lower month was October and December. Sperm concentration in 2nd ejaculate was higher than in 1st ejaculate. 4. Total sperm per ejaculate affected by all environmental factors studied(P<0.05, P<0.01). Age of bulls, collection interval and ejaculation frequency per day showed the highest total sperm was 6 to 8-year-old bulls, 8 to 15 days interval and 1st ejaculate, respectively. Higher total sperm per ejaculate was in April to July and lower total sperm was in September to December. 5. In sperm motility, there were significant differences among collection years, ages of bulls and collection intervals except months of years and ejaculation frequencies (P<0.01). Higher sperm motility was in 6 to 12-year-old bulls and in 5 to 7 days collection interval.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.667-681
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• 2009

We describe a method to decompose a cube with trilinear interpolation into a collection of tetrahedra with linear interpolation, where the isosurface topology is preserved for all isovalues during decomposition. Visualization algorithms that require input scalar data to be defined on a tetrahedral grid can utilize our method to process 3D rectilinear data with topological correctness. As one of many possible examples, we apply the decomposition method to topologically accurate tetrahedral mesh extraction of an interval volume from trilinear volumetric imaging data. The topological correctness of the resulting mesh can be critical for accurate simulation and visualization.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.529-536
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• 2006

Investigators use either Euclidean distance or volume of a simplex defined composed of data points as agreement index to measure chance-corrected agreement among observers for multivariate interval data. The agreement coefficient proposed by Um(2004) is based on a volume of a simplex and does not depend on the variables' measuring units. We consider a comparison of Um(2004)'s agreement coefficient with others based on two unit-free distance measures, Pearson distance and Mahalanobis distance. Comparison among them is made using hypothetical data set.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.34-42
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• 2012

This paper analyses the energy saving basic power models in core IP networks, and proposes the adaptive buffer and burst scheme which is a possible energy saving method, and its implementation algorithm in core IP networks. Especially this paper describes the adaptive buffer and burst scheme dynamically varying the buffering interval B according to the input traffic volume of ingress router, and explains the operation principle of proposed scheme. This method is to adjust the buffering interval B according to input traffic volume of ingress router, that is increasing the interval B when input traffic volume is low, and decreasing the interval B when input traffic volume is high between some given interval regions. This method can gets the high energy saving effect as decreasing the transition number of idle/active in networks when input traffic volume is low, and decreasing the transition number of idle/active by the continuous of burst packets in transit router when input traffic volume is high. This paper shows the increasing of asleep rate for the energy saving of core IP networks and confirms the energy saving of core IP networks by the computer simulation. We confirmed that proposed method can be save the energy of IP networks by properly trade off network performances.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.252-262
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• 2004

A model of simultaneous heat and mass transfer process in absorption of refrigerant vapor into a lithium bromide solution of water-cooled vertical plate absorber. which was considered to the change of refrigerant vapor pressure along the plate width direction. was developed to evaluate the compactness of plate absorber and supply basis data for optimal design of plate absorber. The effects of plate interval as well as the effect of capacity for one piece of plate absorber on plate absorber size such as plate height. plate heating area and plate absorber volume have been investigated. It is confirmed that there is exist an optimal plate interval minimizing plate absorber volume. And the smaller capacity for one piece of plate absorber. the smaller plate absorber volume is obtained.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.218-225
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• 2012

Purpose: The relationship between treatment outcomes, alteration of the expression of biological markers, and tumor volume response during radiotherapy (RT) in patients with uterine cervical cancer was analyzed. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma received definitive RT with (n = 17) or without (n = 3) concurrent chemotherapy. Tumor volumes were measured by three serial magnetic resonance imaging scans at pre-, mid-, and post-RT. Two serial punch biopsies were performed at pre- and mid-RT, and immunohistochemical staining for cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor was performed. The median follow-up duration was 60 months. Results: The median tumor volume response at mid-RT (V2R) was 0.396 (range, 0.136 to 0.983). At mid-RT, an interval increase in the distribution of immunoreactivity for COX-2 was observed in 8 patients, and 6 of them showed poor mid-RT tumor volume response ($V2R{\geq}0.4$). Four (20%) patients experienced disease progression after 10 to 12 months (median, 11 months). All 4 patients had poor mid-RT tumor volume response (p = 0.0867) and 3 of them had an interval increase in COX-2 expression. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) decreased in patients with $V2R{\geq}0.4$ (p = 0.0291 for both). An interval increase in COX-2 expression at mid-RT was also associated with a decreased survival (p = 0.1878 and 0.1845 for OS and PFS, respectively). Conclusion: Poor tumor volume response and an interval increase in COX-2 expression at mid-RT decreased survival outcomes in patients with uterine cervical cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.263-271
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• 2004

This article presents a new measure of chance-corrected interobserver agreement among multivariate ratings of many observers. Modifying an approach by Berry and Mielke, a new agreement measure is proposed. The important modificaton is to use the volume of simplex composed of data points as the disagreement masure. The proposed measure accounts agreement for multivariate interval observations among many observers. Hypothetical and real-life data sets are analyzed for illustrative purpose.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.167-183
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• 1995

The objective of study is to evaluate highway capaicty estimation alternative and to develop capacity from statistical distribution of observed traffic flow. Speed-Volume relation is analyzed from vehicle's headway distribution eliminating the long headway by confidence intervals 99%, 95%, 90%. Capacity estimate alternatives were evaluated from 95% , 90%, 85% level of cummulative distribution of observed hourly traffic flow adjusted to confidence intervals. The result of investigation revealed that maximum hourly rate of flow is 2, 130pcu at confidence interval of 995, 2, 233pcu at 95%, 2, 315pcu at 90% respectively. Compared to the capacity of 2, 200pcu per hour per lane used in HCM and KHCM(Korea Highway Capacity Manual), capa챠y appears to correspond to confidence interval of 95%. Using the traffic flow rate at confidence interval of 95% the maximum hourly flow rate is 2, 187pcu at 95% of cummulative volume distribution, 2, 153pcu at 90%, 2, 215pcu at 85%. The study suggests that raional capacity esimation alternative is to take the 95% of cummulative distribution of observed hourly traffic flow at 95% confidence headway interval eliminating 5% long headway.(i.e. 95-95 rule)